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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Programa De Pós UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO MULTIDISCIPLINAR EM ESTUDOS ETNICOS E AFRICANOS MARIA BÁRBARA VIEIRA FALCÓN O REGGAE DE CACHOEIRA PRODUÇÃO MUSICAL EM UM PORTO ATLÂNTICO SALVADOR 2009 MARIA BÁRBARA VIEIRA FALCÓN O REGGAE DE CACHOEIRA PRODUÇÃO MUSICAL EM UM PORTO ATLÂNTICO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa Multidisciplinar de Pós-graduação em Estudos Étnicos e Africanos UFBA/FFCH/CEAO como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Étnicos e Africanos. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Angela Lühning SALVADOR 2009 2 Biblioteca CEAO – UFBA F181 Falcón, Maria Bárbara Vieira. O Reggae de Cachoeira: produção musical em um porto Atlântico / por Maria Bárbara Vieira Falcón. - 2008. 218 f. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Angela Lühning. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2009. 1. Reggae - Cachoeira (BA). 2. Música e sociedade - Cachoeira (BA). 3. Indústria cultural - Cachoeira- (BA). 4. Identidade social - Cachoeira (BA). I. Lühning, Angela, 1960-. II. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. CDD – 781.646098142 3 AGRADECIMENTOS Na qualidade de aluna de mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação Pos Afro da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), contei com bolsa de estudos da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa da Bahia (FAPESB), durante 23 meses. Acredito que sem o auxílio dessa bolsa, as viagens para realização das entrevistas, bem como a aquisição de algumas fontes para fundamentação desta pesquisa, não seriam possíveis; por isso sou muito grata a FAPESB. Agradeço a todos do Pos Afro: colegas, professores e funcionários, por terem me recebido em um ambiente de convivência saudável e acolhedor. Aos professores, em especial aos que participaram do meu exame de qualificação, Prof. Dr. Cláudio Pereira e Prof. Dr. Lívio Sansone, pois acabaram norteando alguns fundamentos básicos para o aprofundamento de questões tratadas nessa dissertação. Aos colegas, pela troca de conhecimento e pela amizade. Espero encontrá-los em breve em mais uma experiência estimulante. Manifesto aqui também imensa gratidão a minha orientadora, a Profª. Drª. Angela Lühning, pelo estímulo intelectual e principalmente pela simplicidade e cumplicidade. Os encontros com ela, com toda certeza, foram a “bússola” que orientou toda a estrutura desse trabalho. Agradeço também ao colega Fabrício Mota, pelas conversas e materiais trocados. A excelência do seu trabalho me deixa a certeza de que o Reggae está sendo estudado com a seriedade que ele merece. Agradeço aos músicos entrevistados, pela generosidade e pela lição de vida a cada conversa que tivemos. Devo confessar que temo pela responsabilidade do pioneirismo em abordar o tema tratado nas próximas páginas, mas ao mesmo tempo, sinto-me recompensada, em puder contar um pouco das suas trajetórias para algumas pessoas que não os conhecem ainda. Espero que através dessa leitura, outras pessoas venham ter interesse em escutá-los. Gostaria de agradecer em especial ao meu tio, Nengo Vieira, que é, e sempre será, uma grande referência para mim. À César, pela força em Cachoeira! 4 Finalmente, agradeço aos que fazem parte da minha vida e que acabaram, de uma forma ou de outra, contribuindo para que eu tenha chegado até aqui. Ao Deus Pai, que ilumina o meu caminho e nunca me desampara. Aos meus pais, aos meus irmãos, aos meus tios e tias, primos e primas, amigos e amigas, o meu máximo respeito! Ao meu companheiro, Jorge, pelo carinho e compreensão. Suas contribuições musicais acabaram me levando por caminhos inimagináveis. Através delas foram feitas descobertas tão interessantes que por si só já dariam uma outra dissertação. Mas isso já é uma outra história... 5 RESUMO Este trabalho traz uma investigação da trajetória do Reggae em Cachoeira – cidade do Recôncavo baiano – identificando e descrevendo artistas e grupos que passaram a partir da década de 80 a adotar o ritmo como expressão estética preferencial. A pesquisa se dispõe a tratar do processo de troca simbólica e material dessa versão local da cultura negra do Atlântico, centrando-se no processo de (re) construção de identidades, tendo uma conexão com a indústria do lazer e da música. Considerando a importância da música negra e seu processo de evolução/expansão em todo o mundo – levando em conta o corpo social por trás desse aparato – busca-se compreender a reelaboração desses discursos, influenciados também por ritmos e movimentos sociais locais. O estudo analisa a preferência pelo estilo musical jamaicano e suas formas de apropriação/recriação na música e comportamento social através das letras e falas desses sujeitos. A análise dos discursos – a partir de entrevistas, discos, vídeos e outras fontes digitais ou impressas, reunidas em torno de duas décadas de produção – denota o uso da música como principal veículo de comunicação desses agentes, que se utilizam desse meio para tratar de etnicidade, religião e política. Palavras-chaves: Reggae, identidade, religião, sociedade, indústria cultural. 6 ABSTRACT This work provides an investigation of the trajectory of Reggae in Cachoeira – Bahian Recôncavo’s city - identifying and describing artists and groups that went from the 80s to take the pace as aesthetic preference expression. The research is available to treat the process of symbolic exchange and material culture of the local version of the black Atlantic, focusing on the process of (re) construction of identities, and a connection to the industry of entertainment and music. Considering the importance of black music and its evolution process of expansion throughout the world - taking into account the social body behind the engine - try to understand the elaboration of these speeches, also influenced by local social movements and rhythms. The study examines the preference for Jamaican music style and their forms of ownership / recreating the music and social behavior through the letters and speeches of these subjects. The analysis of speech - from interviews, records, videos and other digital or printed sources, gathered around two decades of production - shows the use of music as the main vehicle of communication of these agents, which are used to deal with that environment ethnicity, religion and politics. Key-words: Reggae, identity, religion, society, cultural industry. 7 RESUMEN Este trabajo ofrece una investigación de la trayectoria de Reggae en Cachoeira – ciudad de lo Recôncavo da Bahia - la identificación y descripción de los artistas y grupos que pasaron de los 80 para tener el ritmo como expresión de preferencias estéticas. La investigación está disponible para tratar el proceso de intercambio simbólico y la cultura material de la versión local del negro del Atlántico, centrándose en el proceso de (re) construcción de identidades, y una conexión a la industria de entretenimiento y música. Considerando la importancia de la música negro y su evolución proceso de expansión en todo el mundo - teniendo en cuenta el cuerpo social detrás del motor - tratar de entender la elaboración de estos discursos, también influenciado por los movimientos sociales locales y ritmos. El estudio examina las preferencias de estilo de música de Jamaica y sus formas de propiedad / recrear la música y la conducta social através de las cartas y discursos de estos temas. El análisis de expresión - a partir de entrevistas, documentos, videos y otras fuentes impresas o digitales, se reunieron alrededor de dos decadas de la producción - muestra el uso de la música como el principal vehículo de comunicación de estos agentes, que se utilizan para tratar de que el medio ambiente la etnia, la religión y la política. Palavras-chaves: Reggae, identidad, religión, sociedad, industria culturale. 8 Banca Examinadora: _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Osmundo de Araújo Pinho - UFRB _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Cláudio Pereira - UFBA _____________________________________ Profª. Drª. Angela Lühning (orientadora) - UFBA 9 Dedico este trabalho a toda família do Reggae espalhada pelo mundo! 10 “Recôncavo, pela libertação do homem negro na América e pelo repúdio do homem branco na África, vamos lutar pela libertação, vamos lutar, avante irmão” (Recôncavo, Edson Gomes) “Nas margens do Paraguaçu, em plena América do Sul, só remanescente ficará...” (Remanescentes, Nengo Vieira & Tintim Gomes) 11 SUMÁRIO APRESENTAÇÃO ..................................................................................................... 13 PARTE I A MÚSICA DO ATLÂNTICO NEGRO 1. Música, Identidade e Etnicidade na América Negra ........................................ 18 2. A Onda Black na Bahia .................................................................................... 32 3. O Caminho percorrido pelo Reggae ................................................................. 40 PARTE II NOTAS MUSICAIS SOBRE CACHOEIRA 4. Um Porto Negro no Atlântico .......................................................................... 56 5. Do Samba ao Afrocanto ................................................................................... 63 6. No Balanço do Reggae ..................................................................................... 74 PARTE III O ENREDO DO REGGAE NA TERRA DO SAMBA 7. Das margens do Paraguaçu ............................................................................... 89 8. Botando “Fogo na Babilônia” ..........................................................................
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