Historical Jesus a Contemporary Roman Perspective
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Historical Jesus a Contemporary Roman Perspective
Historical Jesus A Contemporary Roman Perspective Jason Janich NewLife906.com 1. Thallus 55 A.D. Thallus was a Greek Historian around 55A.D. who wrote a three volume account of the Eastern Mediterranean area. Although his works have been lost, fragments of it exist in the citations of others. As quoted by Julius Africansus (160 A.D -240 A.D.) On the whole world there pressed a most fearful darkness; and the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and other districts were thrown down. This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls as appears to me without a reason, an eclipse of the sun. (Donaldson, A. R. (1973). Julius Africanus, Exant Writings, XVIII in the Ante- Nicene Fathers, ed Vol. VI. Grand RApids: Eerdmans.) What can we establish from Thallus’ writing? - The Christian Gospel was known in the Mediterranean by the middle of the first century – this is around AD 52, probably prior to the writing of the gospels. - There was a widespread darkness in the land, implied to have taken place during Jesus’ crucifixion. - Unbelievers offered rationalistic explanations for certain Christian teachings. 1 | P a g e 2. Pliny the Younger (61 A.D. – 113 A.D.) Letters 10.96-97 Pliny was the Governor of Bithynia in Asia Minor and is a noted historian with at least 10 volumes. In one letter he writes to the Emperor Trajan seeking counsel as to how to treat Christians. In the case of those who were denounced to me as Christians, I have observed the following procedure: I interrogated these as to whether they were Christians; those who confessed I interrogated a second and a third time, threatening them with punishment; those who persisted I ordered executed. -
Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation in Late Antiquity CALIFORNIA CLASSICAL STUDIES
Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation in Late Antiquity CALIFORNIA CLASSICAL STUDIES NUMBER 7 Editorial Board Chair: Donald Mastronarde Editorial Board: Alessandro Barchiesi, Todd Hickey, Emily Mackil, Richard Martin, Robert Morstein-Marx, J. Theodore Peña, Kim Shelton California Classical Studies publishes peer-reviewed long-form scholarship with online open access and print-on-demand availability. The primary aim of the series is to disseminate basic research (editing and analysis of primary materials both textual and physical), data-heavy re- search, and highly specialized research of the kind that is either hard to place with the leading publishers in Classics or extremely expensive for libraries and individuals when produced by a leading academic publisher. In addition to promoting archaeological publications, papyrolog- ical and epigraphic studies, technical textual studies, and the like, the series will also produce selected titles of a more general profile. The startup phase of this project (2013–2017) was supported by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Also in the series: Number 1: Leslie Kurke, The Traffic in Praise: Pindar and the Poetics of Social Economy, 2013 Number 2: Edward Courtney, A Commentary on the Satires of Juvenal, 2013 Number 3: Mark Griffith, Greek Satyr Play: Five Studies, 2015 Number 4: Mirjam Kotwick, Alexander of Aphrodisias and the Text of Aristotle’s Meta- physics, 2016 Number 5: Joey Williams, The Archaeology of Roman Surveillance in the Central Alentejo, Portugal, 2017 Number 6: Donald J. Mastronarde, Preliminary Studies on the Scholia to Euripides, 2017 Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation in Late Antiquity Olivier Dufault CALIFORNIA CLASSICAL STUDIES Berkeley, California © 2019 by Olivier Dufault. -
Evidence for the Existence of Christianity and Jesus Christ In
for their crime. Or, the people of Samos for cult, and was crucified on that account. You burning Pythagoras? In one moment their country see, these misguided creatures start with the Evidence for the Existence was covered with sand. Or the Jews by murdering general conviction that they are immortal for all of Christianity and Jesus their wise king?. after that their kingdom was time, which explains their contempt for death and abolished. God rightly avenged these men. the self devotion . their lawgiver [taught] they are Christ in Secular History wise king. lived on in the teachings he enacted." all brothers, from the moment that they are converted, and deny the gods of Greece, and Roman Emperors: Phlegon was a historian who lived in the first worship the crucified sage, and live after his laws. century. There are two books credited to his name: All this they take on faith . " The Passing Hadrian, Imperator Caesar Trainus, (AD 76- Chronicles and the Olympiads. Little is known Peregrinus 138), was considered a man of culture and the arts. about Phlegon but he made reference to Christ. It appears he preferred peace rather than war. The The first two quotes are unique to Origen and the Thallus (circa A.D. 52) wrote a history about the following quote comes from a letter sent to last quote below is recorded by Origen and middle east from the time of the Trojan War to his Minucius Fundanus, proconsul of Asia, about how Philopon. own time. The work has been lost and the only to treat Christians. -
A COMPANION to the ROMAN ARMY Edited By
ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page iii A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by Paul Erdkamp ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page i A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page ii BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical lit- erature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. Ancient History Published A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Edited by Daniel C. Snell Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to the Hellenistic World A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by David S. Potter In preparation A Companion to Ancient History A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Archaic Greece A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees Edited by Elizabeth James A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Miriam Griffin Literature and Culture Published A Companion to Catullus A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Edited by Ian Worthington A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to Ancient Epic Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by John Miles Foley A Companion to Classical Tradition A Companion to Greek Tragedy Edited by Craig W. -
The Church in Rome in the First Century
The Church in Rome in the First Century Author(s): Edmundson, George (1849-1930) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: In 1913, George Edmundson gave the University of Oxford©s Bampton Lectures, an annual (now biennial) lecture series that concentrates on Christian theological topics. This book contains the collection of Edmundson©s lectures, all of which concern Christianity©s first two hundred years. The majority of the book©s content addresses the New Testament directly, while a couple of the later lectures concern later early church figures such as Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, and Tertul- lian. During his time, Edmundson©s work was largely ignored, as he was a clergyman rather than a New Testament scholar. Not only this, but his conclusions differed vastly from the scholarly consensus of his contemporaries. Today, readers can approach Edmundson©s work as one piece of the ongoing dialogue in literary/historical criticism of the Bible. Kathleen O©Bannon CCEL Staff Subjects: Christianity History By period Early and medieval i Contents Title Page 1 Extract from the Last Will and Testament of the Late Rev. John Bampton 3 Synopsis of Contents 5 Lecture I 10 Lecture II 30 Lecture III 50 Lecture IV 71 Lecture V 90 Lecture VI 112 Lecture VII 136 Lecture VIII 154 Appendices 177 Note A. Chronological Table of Events Mentioned in the Lectures 178 Note B. Aquila and Prisca or Priscilla 181 Note C. The Pudens Legend 183 Note D. 188 Note E. The Tombs of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul 194 Note F. -
Xerox University Microfilms
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
Forging Christianity: Jews and Christians in Pseudo-Ignatius
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Forging Christianity: Jews And Christians In Pseudo-Ignatius Phillip Joseph Augustine Fackler University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History of Religion Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Fackler, Phillip Joseph Augustine, "Forging Christianity: Jews And Christians In Pseudo-Ignatius" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2273. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2273 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2273 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Forging Christianity: Jews And Christians In Pseudo-Ignatius Abstract This dissertation explores one of the thorny problems of writing a social history of Early Christianity, the degree to which rhetoric either reflects or evokes worldviews, institutions, and other social formations. Through a focus on the textual traditions associated with Ignatius of Antioch, a second-century martyr and Christian bishop, I explore how language about Jews and Judaism was reproduced and rewritten in later centuries such that it has become evidence for our own histories of Jewish–Christian relations. The textual tradition of Ignatius’s letters includes multiple recensions and was reproduced repeatedly throughout Late Antiquity and into the Middle Ages. By comparing the various recensions, I show how both retention and alteration in the textual tradition can create new rhetorical effects. The different recensions provide evidence for the effects of earlier versions on later readers and how the reading and writing practices of later scribes gave birth to new images of the past and new modes of reading early Christian literature. -
A History of Beer in Ancient Europe
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Languages, Literatures and Cultures Department of Languages, Literatures and Publications Cultures 2005 The Barbarian's Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe Max Nelson University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/llcpub Part of the Modern Languages Commons, and the Modern Literature Commons Recommended Citation Nelson, Max. (2005). The Barbarian's Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/llcpub/26 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Languages, Literatures and Cultures Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BARBARIAN’S BEVERAGE THE BARBARIAN’S BEVERAGE A History of Beer in Ancient Europe Max Nelson First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2005 Max Nelson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. -
Paul in Rome: a Case Study on the Formation and Transmission of Traditions
PAUL IN ROME: A CASE STUDY ON THE FORMATION AND TRANSMISSION OF TRADITIONS Pablo Alberto Molina A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: James Rives Bart Ehrman Robert Babcock Zlatko Plese Todd Ochoa © 2016 Pablo Alberto Molina ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Pablo Molina: Paul in Rome: A Case Study On the Formation and Transmission of Traditions (Under the direction of James Rives) Paul is arguably the second most important figure in the history of Christianity. Although much has been written about his stay and martyrdom in Rome, the actual circumstances of these events — unless new evidence is uncovered — must remain obscure. In this dissertation I analyze the matter from a fresh perspective by focusing on the formation and transmission of traditions about Paul’s final days. I begin by studying the Neronian persecution of the year 64 CE, i.e. the immediate historical context in which the earliest traditions were formed. In our records, a documentary gap of over thirty years follows the persecution. Yet we may deduce from chance remarks in texts written ca. 95-120 CE that oral traditions of Paul’s death were in circulation during that period. In chapter 2, I develop a quantitative framework for their contextualization. Research has shown that oral traditions, if not committed to writing, fade away after about eighty years. Only two documents written within that crucial time frame have survived: the book of Acts and the Martyrdom of Paul (MPl). -
The Annals: the Reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, and Nero (Oxford World's
oxford world’s classics THE ANNALS Gaius (or Publius: the evidence is ambiguous) Cornelius Tacitus is widely regarded as the greatest of all Roman historians. We know relatively little about his life. He was born around ad 56, and is known to have engaged in the standard political career of a young Roman aristocrat, holding the offices of quaestor (in 81 or 82), prae- tor (in 88), and consul (in 97), along with a variety of other admin- istrative and military posts, including (by 88) membership of the college of priests known as the quindecimviri sacris faciundis. He was governor of Asia (a province of the empire consisting of part of modern Turkey) 112–13. In a high-profile trial in 99–100 he and his friend Pliny the Younger successfully prosecuted Marius Priscus for corruption while governor of Africa. Tacitus probably lived beyond 117; but his precise date of death is unknown. He was betrothed in 77 to the daughter of Julius Agricola, later governor of Britain, and married her shortly afterwards: her name, however, is unknown. Tacitus’ writings include the Agricola and the Germania, both published in 98. The date of a third work, the Dialogue on Orators, is disputed; some have thought it his first work, but it may well post- date both the Agricola and the Germania. All three of these survive complete. His major works were the Histories (published around 109) and the Annals (published some time after 117); only about a third of the former and just over half of the latter survive. J. -
Ancient Non-Christian Sources
Scholars Crossing LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations 1996 Ancient Non-Christian Sources Gary R. Habermas Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lts_fac_pubs Recommended Citation Habermas, Gary R., "Ancient Non-Christian Sources" (1996). LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations. 39. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lts_fac_pubs/39 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ, College Press Publishing, 1996. Chapter IX Ancient Non-Christian Sources Continuing our historical investigation into the early sources for the life, death and resurrection of Jesus, we turn next to the ancient non Christian sources. We will move, successively, from ancient historians, to government officials, to other Jewish and Gentile sources, to early gnostic sources and then to lost works that speak of Jesus. Ancient Historians Tacitus. Cornelius Tacitus (ca. 55 120 A.D.) was a Roman historian who lived through the reigns of over a half dozen Roman emperors. He has been called the “greatest historian” of ancient Rome, an individual generally acknowledged among scholars for his moral “integrity and essential goodness.”(1) Tacitus is best known for two works — the Annals and the Histories. The former is thought to have included eighteen books and the latter to have included twelve, for a total of thirty.(2) The Annals cover the period from Augustus’ death in 14 A.D. -
Criticism in Quintilian
Kerr, Robert Anthony (2002) Criticism in Quintilian. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5575/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] University of Glasgow Faculty of Arts Department of Classics CRITICISM IN QUINTILIAN Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy <0 Robert Anthony Kerr, Apri12002 IMAGING SERVICESNORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk PAGE NUMBERSARE CUT OFF IN THE ORIGINAL patn'meo, uiro bono ABSTRACT The Institutio Oratoria of Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus) is a work that follows in a tradition of writing on rhetoric, a tradition that dates back to the fifth century BC. My thesis establishes Quintilian and his work within this tradition, and encourages the reader both to consider one aspect of the convention of technical instruction in rhetoric, namely criticism, and to reflect on the originality of criticism in Quintilian' s work. Accordingly, I have two main aims. Firstly, I intend to give full detail of examples of criticism in the Institutio Oratoria, and this will include identifying, where possible, people who are targeted by Quintilian for criticism.