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Le Città Sotterranee Della Cappadocia the Underground Towns of Cappadocia

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Le Città Sotterranee Della Cappadocia the Underground Towns of Cappadocia Società Spcltolostcj Italiana OPERA IPOGEA memorie detto ¡avita Artificial.) ١a/ioiu٠k٠ Commissione Le C ittà sotterranee della C appadocia The underground towns of Cappadocia sistemi di difesa, le opere ؛ .Le abitazioni ipo!:ce. l'organizzazione urbanistica di regolazione idrica scavati nel sottosuolo dell'Altipiano Centrale Anatolico, documentati da quattro anni di indagini. The hypogean dwellings, the urban istic organisation, the defensive systems, the Uydric control frameworks digged in the subsoil of Anatolic Central Plateau are documented by four years o f surveys· E rg a edizioni ՛ MnilELkti■ '■41؛[ﻟﺒﺎ ״՝ril״ ؛.։֊ ، Ể١״ ١ ذ\ذ١.ل:؛أ١ ل׳ أ Λ ا [А С А ҐІ'А IKł וי LtrrA soti KA t l ؛L t ١٠ I n s 0fí.'apps1։٠٠c n٠٩ ״ ՝j.rfí٢ti٢ ״ π١ί ti гига lir זו τ،Γ1؛ι’:Γι·.ι؟Λ."ι ,І-1־-.1՝,-ا٢'أ ﻻا ﻻ1ام -ا:,ا.״ ا ״ >*)jijnliiLj B i i , Κί،\τΙ . ه« ا ة ٠ إ٠لل I؛١įﺀ\| ١ ا[،։ :11 أ .1؛ւ11:1 1-.’11\ ו:חו:...·1..1ւ՚:|յ،11. 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І١1.1 \; ѵ ١١ ١7؛'\־\ \.\ﺃ١١ ﺃ ئ-أ ١ ١ . س ئ S SOCIETÀ P I E L T E i r A Oi r L Le Città sotterranee della Cappadocia The underground towns of Cappadocia Le abitazioni ipogee, l'organizzazione urbanistica, i sistemi di difesa, le opere di regolazione idrica scavati nel sottosuolo dell'Altipiano Centrale Anatolico, documentati da quattro anni di indagini. The hypogean dwellings, the urbanistic organisation, the defensive systems, the hydric control frameworks digged in the subsoil of Anatolic Central Plateau are documented by four years of surveys. Erga edizioni RINGRAZIAMENTI Si ringraziano vivamente le persone qui di seguito elencale che, con la loro sensibilità e disponibilità, hanno reso più agevole c più completala ricerca sulle strutture sotterranee della Cappadocia: AUTORITÀ TURCHE Prof. Engin ÖZGEN, Direttore generale delle Antichità c dei Musei, Ministero della Cultura turco Dr. Kenan YURTAGUL. vice direttore Antichità e Musei Dr. Kemal SERTOK, Direttore Divisione Scavi Dr. Halis YENIPINAR, Ispettore Ministero Cultura Dr. Necip ÇAY, Ispettore Ministero Cultura Dr. Şahin SERACETTIN, Direttore Museo Archeologico di Nevşehir Dr. Murat GÜLYAZ, archeologo del Museo Archeologico di Nevşehir Dr. İbrahim ATALAY, Direttore Museo Archeologico di Kırşehir Prof. Beyhan KARAMAGARALI, archeologa del Museo di Kars Prof. Gultckin GÜNAY, Direttore Centro Idr. Hacettepe University Prof. Sakir SİMSEK, Idrogeologo della Hacettepe University Dr. Arif YILDIRIM, Kaymakan di Giilsehir Sig. Sadi DALGIÇ, Mutar di Ovaören (Nevşehir) AMBASCIATA TURCA IN ITALIA Dr. Ünal ÜNSAL, Ambasciatore della Repubblica Turca in Roma Dr. Bülent GOKAY, Consigliere di Ambasciata Dr. Jasmin TAŞKIN, segretaria di Ambasciata Dr. Nuray ERIK, segretaria di Ambasciata Dr. Giovanni GUICCIARDI, Console Onorario di Turchia in Genova AMBASCIATA ITALIANA IN TURCHIA S.E. Luigi Maria FONTA GIUSTI, Ambasciatore Dr. Fiorella PIRAS ARROBBIO, Addetto Culturale Dr. Adolfo MARCHETTI, ed il personale tutto COMUNE DI GENOvA. PROvINCIA DI GENOvA, REGIONE LIGURIA Si ringraziano inotre per la collaborazione personale alle ricerche: Ömer DEMİR, Ercan DEMİR, Buket MUSTEKAPLIOGLU, Nurhan ÇANKAYA, Sermin e Abbas ATAMAN, veli TÖREN, Ömer Faruk PÜRSÜN, Murat DASDELER, Zahide YLMAZ, Faruk KUMAŞ Per la collaborazione scientifica: Prof, Paolo FORTI, Presidente Union Int. de Speleologie, Corso di Speleologia, Università Bologna Prof. Amos KLONER, Israel Antiquities Authority (Jerusalcm) Prof. Sakir SİMSEK, Int. Research Center for karst water res. Hacettepe University ֊ Ankara Dr. Martin URBAN, ricercatore, Bodenwohr (D) Per l’opera di divulgazione: AIRONE, LE SCIENZE, ARCHEO. SPELEOLOGIA, ALP, ARCHEOLOGIA vIvA, SOCIETÀ GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA, IL SECOLO XIX, IL GIORNALE, IL LAvORO, CORRIERE MERCANTILE e i quotidiani turchi GÖREME, VAKİT, GÜNAYDIN, MEYDAN. CENTRO AUDIOvISIvI della PROvINCIA DI GENOvA, ERG, CENTRO CULTURALE IL PUNTO, MUSEO STORIA NATURALE DI GENOvA Per gli impianti di illuminazione: Gruppo DURACELI, Per il materiale tecnico: REPETTO SPORT, FOTO CANINI, CLOUD 9, FERRINO, AMORINI, CAMP. DAAR, BINECO, PETZL, ALP DESIGN, STEIMBERG, EMAC, ECOLOGITAL Per l’assistenza logistica: AvIOMAR, COLUMBUS VIAGGI, ODINO vALPERGA, MTC MANAGLIA, MAVÌ INT. Per la consulenza informatica: Stefano RUBUANO, Mauro TRAvERSO Per la collaborazione personale: Paolo vITI, Laura FERRANDO, Laura GAGGIOTTI, Bruno CERvETTO, Andrea NOvARA, Pierluigi DETTORI, Renato BANTI, Nicoletta SALVATORI, Marina GANDOLFO, Antonella S ALES, Chiara SARACCO, Lavinia CONGIU, Rosaria CALTABIANO, Antonella LERTORA, Fran­ cesco SURDICH, Lori BAUDER, Chiara SIGNORI, Giulio CAPPA, Roberto NINI, Erica DELLACASA. un ringraziamento particolare a Daniele PELLEGRINI e Francesco DAL CIN e per il continuo appoggio morale al Prof. Claudio COSTANTINI INDICE Presentazione di Urial Ornai Ambasciatore della Repubblica Turca in Rom a............................................................................. 7 Introduzione di Roberto Bixio.............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Cappadocia sotterranea: sintesi delle indagini dal 1991 al 1994 di Roberto Bixio.............................................................................................................................................................. 13 La cultura rupestre nell'area mediterranea e in Cappadocia di Roberto Bixio.............................................................................................................................................................. 18 Viaggiatori del passato in Cappadocia di Roberto Bixio.............................................................................................................................................................. 31 La datazione degli insediamenti sotteranei cappadoci: considerazioni sui riferimenti storici di Roberto Bixio.............................................................................................................................................................. 33 Human underground settlements in Cappadocia: a topological investigation of the redoubt system of Gòstesin (NE 20) di Vittorio Castellani..................................................................................................................................................... 41 Filiktepe: a step toward underground towns di Vittorio Castellani, Gabriela P a n i......................................................................................................................... 53 Note sulle tombe rupestri di Filiktepe e Sivasa di Gabriela P ani............................................................................................................................................................. 68 The stone doors of Cappadocian undergrounds di Roberto Bixio, Vittorio Castellani.......................................................................................................................... 71 Evidences for hydrogeological planning in ancient Cappadocia di Anna Rosa Biechi, Ezio Burri, Marzia Castellani, Vittorio Castellani, Giovanni Pensabene................... 78 Inquadramento geologico ed evoluzione della Provincia Vulcanica della Cappadocia di Claudio Succhiarelli......................................... 87 Le forme di erosione in Cappadocia di Giuseppe Leuci............................................................................................................................................................ 100 Annotazioni geologiche relative alla spedizione “Cappadocia Sotterranea”, campagne 1991 e 1992 di Pietro M aifredi............................................................................................................................................................ 102 Tipologia delle strutture sotterranee della Cappadocia di Roberto Bixio, Vittorio Castellani............................................................................................................................106 Appendice: elenco delle strutture sotterranee della Cappadocia e cartografia..................................................121 5 Without doubt, every country possesses beauties which remain to be discovered, mostly by the curious eyes of a foreign visitor. No one knows why the inhabitants of a certain location fail to notice the splendor around them. Is this a question of one becoming accustomed to his/her own environment? I do not know. But whatever the answer to that question may be, it does not preclude
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