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PIETER BRUEGEL PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Larry Silver | 464 pages | 17 Nov 2011 | Abbeville Press Inc.,U.S. | 9780789211040 | English | New York, United States Bruegel Biography, Life & Quotes | TheArtStory There exist 19 signed and dated versions of this work from between —22 out of some 25 originals and 35 questionable versions. Another original composition of Pieter Brueghel the Younger is the Whitsun Bride , which is known in at least five autograph versions. The picture depicts a Flemish springtime custom of choosing and crowning a queen at Whitsuntide. The festival is focused around a flower gathered in the fields by children. This painting distinguishes itself in style and colour clearly from his father's work. The painting uses bright colours, with much vermilion and a rich blue- green in the figures and blue for the sky. The colours display a unity of tone distinctive of the 17th century. The picture also displays a unity in drawing and composition. As his style never evolved from the manner of his early career it is difficult to date his work. In several cases, it is not clear whether a composition is an original composition by Pieter Brueghel the Younger or a copy after a lost work by his father. Apart from these paintings of his own invention, Pieter Brueghel the Younger also copied the famous compositions of his father through a technique called pouncing. This large scale activity was only possible thanks to his large, well-organized workshop. Comparison of some copies with the originals reveals differences, both in terms of colour as well as the omission or addition of certain details. This may indicate that the copyist re- drafted some sections, or possibly based the copies on prints after original works, rather than on the originals themselves. As Pieter Brueghel the Younger did not always have access to the original paintings of his father he would in fact often rely on prints of his father's work to create his derived compositions. The subjects of the copied works cover the entire range of themes and works by Pieter the Elder, including specific religious compositions on both the grand and the small scale. The principal subjects are proverb and peasant scenes of his father. One of the most frequently copied works of his father was the Winter Landscape with Skaters and a Bird-trap. This work was reproduced by Pieter Brueghel the Younger and his workshop at least 60 times. Of these copies 10 are signed and 4 are dated , , and Another popular work of Pieter the Elder was the Adoration of the Magi in the Snow of which Pieter Brueghel the Younger and his workshop produced about 30 copies. The workshop also produced no less than 25 copies of Pieter Brueghel the Elder's St John the Baptist Preaching , the original of which is widely believed to be the picture dated , in the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest. Some of the copies are signed and dated. Scholars have contended that Brueghel the Elder's original picture offered a coded comment on the religious debates that raged in the Low Countries during the s and that it represented a clandestine sermon as held by the Protestant reformers of that time. For instance, some versions omit an unidentified figure of a bearded man in black, who is turned towards the spectator. The omission appears to confirm speculation that his prominent presence in the original composition was not accidental. The figure of Christ has often been identified either as the man in grey behind the left arm of the Baptist or the bearded man further to the left with his arms crossed. The continued popularity of the picture a generation after Pieter Brueghel the Elder's death when the subject had not only lost its political implications but ran contrary to the religious current of the time, shows there was a more aesthetic appreciation of the subject. The composition was then likely enjoyed more for its representation of humanity in all its diversity of race, class, temperament and attitude. The Preaching of St. John the Baptist after , Groeningemuseum in Bruges , omitting the bearded man in black, turned towards the spectator in the original. The large-scale production of copies of his father's oeuvre demonstrates that there was a significant demand for Pieter the Elder's work. At the same time the copies contributed to the popularisation of Pieter the Elder's idiom. Without the son's copying work the public would not have had access to his father's work, which was mainly held in elite private collections, such as the imperial collection of Rudolf II in Prague or the Farnese collection in Parma. At the same time Pieter the Younger extended his father's repertoire through his own inventions and variations on themes by his father. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Flemish painter. Brueghel family tree. Netherlands Institute for Art History. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 10 August Lexico UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Pieter Brueghel the Elder was an innovative Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker, known for his sweeping landscapes and peasant scenes. He also fathered two other prominent Flemish painters, Pieter Brueghel the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Elder, although it is thought that they were not taught by their father, as he died when they were young children. As a pioneer in Netherlandish genre painting, he portrayed social aspects of 16th century life, many of which were paintings of peasants, with a large landscape element. Many of his works show the influence of Hieronymus Bosch, the Dutch master painter. He also created some of the earliest form of social commentary in his paintings, and reportedly asked while laying on his deathbed to have the most subversive of the paintings burned, in order for his family to avoid political persecution. He was a formative influence on Dutch Golden Age painting and later painting in general in his innovative choices of subject matter, as one of the first generation of artists to grow up when religious subjects had ceased to be the natural subject matter of painting. He also painted no portraits, the other mainstay of Netherlandish art. After his training and travels to Italy, he returned in to settle in Antwerp, where he worked mainly as a prolific designer of prints for the leading publisher of the day. Only towards the end of the decade did he switch to make painting his main medium, and all his famous paintings come from the following period of little more than a decade before his early death, when he was probably in his early forties, and at the height of his powers. As well as looking forwards, his art reinvigorates medieval subjects such as marginal drolleries of ordinary life in illuminated manuscripts, and the calendar scenes of agricultural labours set in landscape backgrounds, and puts these on a much larger scale than before, and in the expensive medium of oil painting. He does the same with the fantastic and anarchic world developed in Renaissance prints and book illustrations. He is sometimes referred to as "Peasant Bruegel", to distinguish him from the many later painters in his family, including his son Pieter Brueghel the Younger From , he dropped the 'h' from his name and signed his paintings as Bruegel; his relatives continued to use "Brueghel" or "Breughel". The two main early sources for Bruegel's biography are Lodovico Guicciardini's account of the Low Countries and Karel van Mander's Schilder- boeck. Guicciardini recorded that Bruegel was born in Breda, but van Mander specified that Bruegel was born in a village near Breda called "Brueghel", which does not fit any known place. Nothing at all is known of his family background. Van Mander seems to assume he came from a peasant background, in keeping with the over-emphasis on Bruegel's peasant genre scenes given by van Mander and many early art historians and critics. In contrast, scholars of the last 60 years have emphasized the intellectual content of his work, and conclude: "There is, in fact, every reason to think that Pieter Bruegel was a townsman and a highly educated one, on friendly terms with the humanists of his time", ignoring van Mander's dorf and just placing his childhood in Breda itself. However, this reversal can be taken to excess; although Bruegel moved in highly educated humanist circles, it seems "he had not mastered Latin", and had others add the Latin captions in some of his drawings. Article Wikipedia article References Wikipedia article. Wikipedia: en. Pieter Bruegel the Elder Famous works. Netherlandish Proverbs Pieter Bruegel the Elder Hunters in the Snow Pieter Bruegel the Elder Parable of the Blind Pieter Bruegel the Elder Pieter Bruegel the Elder Featured. Pieter Bruegel Paintings, Prints & Artwork The mercenary Cock capitalized on this reputation, selling a relatively unknown Bruegel engravings, Big Fish Eat Little Fish , as a Bosch original in order to fetch a better price Bosch had in fact died 40 years before the work was created. While he is best known for his paintings, Bruegel did not embrace this medium until relatively late in his career, from around onwards. It was at this point that he developed his unmistakable compositional style, allowing him to shed comparisons with older Norther Masters such as Bosch, and to secure his status as a significant and in- demand artist. Numerous commissions were forthcoming, mainly from wealthy merchants and members of the church. In , the artist changed the spelling of his name from "Peeter Brueghel" to "Pieter Bruegel. There was a significant age difference between the two, the artist in his thirties and his bride - whom he had known since she was a child - only eighteen years old.