Nervous System Cns

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CNS • Function The Spinal Cord • General Structure • Enclosed In: • Neural Foramen – length • Connects With: • Foramen magnum – need for protection Coverings • Coverings: • meninges (3) • Subarachnoid space • location • composition • diagnostic use Spinal Nerves • Caudal equina Finer Structures of Spinal Cord • Gray Matter • composition • function • horns (2) • horns form roots (2) • gray commisure • central canal Finer Structures of Spinal Cord • White matter • arrangement • columns contain tracts • description • names The Brain •General Structure •Protection •Skeletal •Membranous The Brain • Development • Neural Plate • Neural Tube and 3 swellings The Brain • Other Structures • Ventricles • Foramen of Monroe • Cerebral Aqueduct The Brain - finer structures • Brain Stem • Medulla • location • connection • gray matter vs. white matter • function • kinds of reflexes The Brain • Brain stem • Pons • Structure • Composition • Nerves The Brain • Brain stem • Midbrain • Location • Composition: • Cerebral peduncles • Substantia nigra • Tegmentum • Corpora quadrigemina • Cerebral aqueduct The Brain • Cerebellum • Location • Structure • Cortex The Brain • Cerebellum • White Matter • Cerebellar Nuclei • Dentate Nuclei • Furrows • Divisions • Functions The Brain • Interbrain • Contains structures (2) • Location • How functions were determined Interbrain • The Thalamus • Function • Result of Injury Interbrain • The Hypothalmus • Function • Reason for these functions • Result of Injury The Brain • The Cerebrum • Size • Complexity • Structure • Sections (2) • Longitudinal fissure The Cerebrum • Lobes • Number • Names • Fissures forming lobes • Covering • Cerebral Cortex The Cerebrum • Cerebral Cortex • Three types of Axons • Four Areas PNS • Components (3) • Divisions (2) • Spinal Nerves • Number • Formation PNS • Cranial Nerves • Formed from • Areas served • Exception • Kinds of Action PNS • The Somatic Division • Includes: • receptors • nerves (3 types) PNS • The Autonomic Division • Functions • Also called: (example) • Subdivisions • Organization • kinds of cells Physiology of the Nervous System • Reflex Activity • Reflex • Types of Reflexes (2) • Reflex Arc Physiology of the Nervous System - higher functions • Cerebrum • Primitive Cortex - limbic, basal ganglion • Functional Centers • Four Centers - motor, sensory, speech, associative • Motor Center • Sensory Center • Associative Center Physiology of the Nervous System - higher functions • Cerebrum • Learning and Memory • Somesthetic Sense • Sleep Physiology of the Nervous System • Functions of the ANS • Antagonistic Actions • Chemical Regulation Disorders of the Nervous System • Cerebral Palsy • Epilepsy • Parkinson’s Disease • Cerebral Apoplexy.

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A Cyclops and a Synotus by K
J Neurol Psychopathol: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.48 on 1 July 1936. Downloaded from 48 ORIGINAL PAPERS A CYCLOPS AND A SYNOTUS BY K. H. BOUMAN, AMSTERDAM, AND V. W. D. SCHENK, TiH HAGUE INTRODUCTION ONLY a small number of cases of cyclopia in human beings and mammals have been minutely examined. The number becomes still smaller if a more or less complete microscopic investigation of the central nervous system is stipulated. It is really only the cases of Davidson Black and Winkler and perhaps that of Naegli which answer this requirement. In contrast therewith there is an abundance of experimental studies in this field in urodela and other lower classes of animals. For all that, unanimity does not by any means prevail here, although the Protected by copyright. views of Stockard and his followers-who held that the first determination of the eye lay unpaired in the median line-and those of Spemann-who pointed to a paired rudiment from the outset, which views were originally diametrically opposed-appear to have drawn somewhat nearer to each other in recent years. Woerdeman, for instance, found that the paired rudiment of the eye shifts its position laterally downwards very early (when the folds of the medullary plate become visible) and he rightly says that this is not the same as Stockard's lateral growth of an unpaired eye rudiment. Yet, by saying this, he admits certain changes and growth conditions to which Fischel, for instance, did not do full justice. E. Manchot, on the other hand, who defends Stockard's views, admits that between the two regions of the eye http://jnnp.bmj.com/ rudiment there must be a tract of brain tissue (lamina terminalis and regio chiasmatica).
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