Histopathology IMPC HIS 003
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A Cyclops and a Synotus by K
J Neurol Psychopathol: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.48 on 1 July 1936. Downloaded from 48 ORIGINAL PAPERS A CYCLOPS AND A SYNOTUS BY K. H. BOUMAN, AMSTERDAM, AND V. W. D. SCHENK, TiH HAGUE INTRODUCTION ONLY a small number of cases of cyclopia in human beings and mammals have been minutely examined. The number becomes still smaller if a more or less complete microscopic investigation of the central nervous system is stipulated. It is really only the cases of Davidson Black and Winkler and perhaps that of Naegli which answer this requirement. In contrast therewith there is an abundance of experimental studies in this field in urodela and other lower classes of animals. For all that, unanimity does not by any means prevail here, although the Protected by copyright. views of Stockard and his followers-who held that the first determination of the eye lay unpaired in the median line-and those of Spemann-who pointed to a paired rudiment from the outset, which views were originally diametrically opposed-appear to have drawn somewhat nearer to each other in recent years. Woerdeman, for instance, found that the paired rudiment of the eye shifts its position laterally downwards very early (when the folds of the medullary plate become visible) and he rightly says that this is not the same as Stockard's lateral growth of an unpaired eye rudiment. Yet, by saying this, he admits certain changes and growth conditions to which Fischel, for instance, did not do full justice. E. Manchot, on the other hand, who defends Stockard's views, admits that between the two regions of the eye http://jnnp.bmj.com/ rudiment there must be a tract of brain tissue (lamina terminalis and regio chiasmatica). -
Hamburger Hamilton Stages
UNSW Embryology- Chicken Development Stages http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/OtherEmb/chick1.htm Hamburger Hamilton Stages Hamburger Identification of Hamilton Age Stages Stages Before Laying Shell membrane of 3.5-4.5 Early egg formed in hr cleavage isthmus of oviduct Germ wall formed During from marginal cleavage periblast 4.5-24.0 Shell of egg Late cleavage hr formed in uterus After Laying Preprimitive streak 1 (embryonic shield) Initial primitive 2 6-7 hr streak, 0.3-0.5 mm long Intermediate 12-13 hr 3 primitive streak Definitive primitive 4 18-19 hr streak, ±1.88 mm long Head process 19-22 hr 5 (notochord) 6 23-25 hr Head fold 1 somite; neural 23-26 hr 7 folds ca. 1-3 somites; 7 to 8- 23-26 hr coelom 1 / 5 2007/03/20 9:05 UNSW Embryology- Chicken Development Stages http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/OtherEmb/chick1.htm 4 somites; blood 26-29 hr 8 islands 7 somites; primary 29-33 hr 9 optic vesicles 8-9 somites; 9+ to 10- ca. 33 hr anterior amniotic fold 10 somites; 3 10 33-38 hr primary brain vesicles 13 somites; 5 11 40-45 hr neuromeres of hindbrain 16 somites; 45-49 hr 12 telencephalon 19 somites; 13 48-52 hr atrioventricular canal ca. 20-21 somites; tail 13+ to 14- 50-52 hr bud 22 somites; trunk flexure; visceral 50-53 hr 14 arches I and II, clefts 1 and 2 23 somites; ca. premandibular 14+ to 15- 50-54 hr head cavities 24-27 somites; 15 50-55 hr visceral arch III, cleft 3 26-28 somites; 16 51-56 hr wing bud; posterior 2 / 5 2007/03/20 9:05 UNSW Embryology- Chicken Development Stages http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/OtherEmb/chick1.htm -
Nervous System Cns
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CNS • Function The Spinal Cord • General Structure • Enclosed In: • Neural Foramen – length • Connects With: • Foramen magnum – need for protection Coverings • Coverings: • meninges (3) • Subarachnoid space • location • composition • diagnostic use Spinal Nerves • Caudal equina Finer Structures of Spinal Cord • Gray Matter • composition • function • horns (2) • horns form roots (2) • gray commisure • central canal Finer Structures of Spinal Cord • White matter • arrangement • columns contain tracts • description • names The Brain •General Structure •Protection •Skeletal •Membranous The Brain • Development • Neural Plate • Neural Tube and 3 swellings The Brain • Other Structures • Ventricles • Foramen of Monroe • Cerebral Aqueduct The Brain - finer structures • Brain Stem • Medulla • location • connection • gray matter vs. white matter • function • kinds of reflexes The Brain • Brain stem • Pons • Structure • Composition • Nerves The Brain • Brain stem • Midbrain • Location • Composition: • Cerebral peduncles • Substantia nigra • Tegmentum • Corpora quadrigemina • Cerebral aqueduct The Brain • Cerebellum • Location • Structure • Cortex The Brain • Cerebellum • White Matter • Cerebellar Nuclei • Dentate Nuclei • Furrows • Divisions • Functions The Brain • Interbrain • Contains structures (2) • Location • How functions were determined Interbrain • The Thalamus • Function • Result of Injury Interbrain • The Hypothalmus • Function • Reason for these functions • Result of Injury The Brain • The Cerebrum • Size • Complexity • -
Mouse Models of Gastric Cancer
Cancers 2013, 5, 92-130; doi:10.3390/cancers5010092 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers Review Mouse Models of Gastric Cancer Yoku Hayakawa 1, James G. Fox 2, Tamas Gonda 1, Daniel L. Worthley 1, Sureshkumar Muthupalani 2 and Timothy C. Wang 1,* 1 Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA 2 Division of Comparative Medicine, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]. Received: 5 December 2012; in revised form: 8 January 2013 / Accepted: 15 January 2013 / Published: 24 January 2013 Abstract: Animal models have greatly enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of numerous types of cancers. Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a poor prognosis and high incidence of drug-resistance. However, most inbred strains of mice have proven resistant to gastric carcinogenesis. To establish useful models which mimic human gastric cancer phenotypes, investigators have utilized animals infected with Helicobacter species and treated with carcinogens. In addition, by exploiting genetic engineering, a variety of transgenic and knockout mouse models of gastric cancer have emerged, such as INS-GAS mice and TFF1 knockout mice. Investigators have used the combination of carcinogens and gene alteration to accelerate gastric cancer development, but rarely do mouse models show an aggressive and metastatic gastric cancer phenotype that could be relevant to preclinical studies, which may require more specific targeting of gastric progenitor cells. Here, we review current gastric carcinogenesis mouse models and provide our future perspectives on this field. -
Please Bring Your ~Rotocol, but Do Not Bring Slides Or Microscopes to T He Meeting, CALIFORNIA TUMOR TISSUE REGISTRY
CALIFORNIA TUMOR TISSUE REGISTRY FIFTY- SEVENTH SEMI-ANNUAL SLIDE S~IINAR ON TIJMORS OF THE F~IALE GENITAL TRACT MODERATOR: RlCl!AlUJ C, KEMPSON, M, D, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY & CO-DIRECTOR OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CEllTER STANFOliD, CALIFORNIA CHAl~lAN : ALBERT HIRST, M, D, PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER L~.A LINDA, CALIPORNIA SUNDAY, APRIL 21, 1974 9 : 00 A. M. - 5:30 P,M, REGISTRATION: 7:30 A. M. PASADENA HILTON HOTEL PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Please bring your ~rotocol, but do not bring slides or microscopes to t he meeting, CALIFORNIA TUMOR TISSUE REGISTRY ~lELDON K, BULLOCK, M, D, (EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR) ROGER TERRY, ~1. Ii, (CO-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR) ~Irs, June Kinsman Mrs. Coral Angus Miss G, Wilma Cline Mrs, Helen Yoshiyama ~fr s. Cheryl Konno Miss Peggy Higgins Mrs. Hataie Nakamura SPONSORS: l~BER PATHOLOGISTS AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CALIFORNIA DIVISION CALIFORNIA MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LAC-USC MEDICAL CENlllR REGIONAL STUDY GRaJPS: LOS ANGELES SAN F~ICISCO CEt;TRAL VALLEY OAKLAND WEST LOS ANGELES SOUTH BAY SANTA EARBARA SAN DIEGO INLAND (SAN BERNARDINO) OHIO SEATTLE ORANGE STOCKTON ARGENTINA SACRJIMENTO ILLINOIS We acknowledge with thanks the voluntary help given by JOHN TRAGERMAN, M. D., PATHOLOGIST, LAC-USC MEDICAL CENlllR VIVIAN GILDENHORN, ASSOCIATE PATHOLOGIST, I~TERCOMMUNITY HOSPITAL ROBERT M. SILTON, M. D,, ASSISTANT PATHOLOGIST, CITY OF HOPE tiEDICAL CENTER JOHN N, O'DON~LL, H. D,, RESIDENT IN PATHOLOGY, LAC-USC MEDICAL CEN!ER JOHN R. CMIG, H. D., RESIDENT IN PATHOLOGY, LAC-USC MEDICAL CENTER CHAPLES GOLDSMITH, M, D. , RESIDENT IN PATHOLOGY, LAC-USC ~IEDICAL CEUTER HAROLD AMSBAUGH, MEDICAL STUDENT, LAC-USC MEDICAL GgNTER N~IE-: E, G. -
Metabolic Responses in Discrete, Mice Brain Regions Like CC, CG, H and CQ During PTZ Induced Epileptic Seizures
Current Neurobiology 2012; 3 (1): 31-38 ISSN 0975-9042 Scientific Publishers of India Metabolic responses in discrete, Mice brain regions like CC, CG, H and CQ during PTZ induced epileptic seizures. K. K. Therisa and P.V. Desai Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India. Abstract Epilepsy, a neurological disorder with recurrent seizures, involves disruption of different metabolic enzymes and its related metabolites altering the normal processes of metabolism, either during the onset or post epilepsy in the brain. In the present work, it is convincingly, observed that the Mice brain regions such as Corpus callosum (CC), Cingulate gyrus (CG), Hippocampus (H) and Corpora quadrigemina (CQ) shows significant changes in the activi- ties of metabolic enzymes such as AST, ALT, LDH; ATPases like Na +, K +-ATPase, Mg 2+ - ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase along with their metabolites such as Glucose, Pyruvate, Lactate and Glutamate, altering the metabolic integrity during Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epilep- tic seizure. We report from the present work that, H and CG are affected completely during epileptic seizure as compared to its control but CC and CQ shows partly altered as far as metabolism in brain is concerned. Keywords: Corpus callosum, Hippocampus, Cingulate gyrus, Corpora Quadrigemina, Metabolic enzymes and metabo- lites. Accepted April 07 2012 Introduction may overlap with other frontal lobe epilepsy syndromes. But, an aberrant behaviors observed in epileptic patients Epilepsy, involves a disruption of brain energy homeosta- completely resolved after lesionectomy of Cingulate sis and is potentially manageable through principles of gyrus [6]. Hippocampus and Cingulate gyrus forms the metabolic control theory. -
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Morphologic Changes of Middle Ear Mucosa In
The Mediterranean Journal of Otology ORIGINAL ARTICLE Morphologic changes of middle ear mucosa in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma Sertaç Yetifler, Yusuf H›d›r, M. Salih Deveci Ac›badem Hospital, Bursa, (S. Yetifler), TURKEY, Gulhane Medical School, Dept of ORL & OBJECTIVE: To investigate histopathologic differences between chronic HNS, Etlik-Ankara, (Y. H›d›r), Gulhane Medical School, Dept of otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma and COM without cholesteatoma. Pathology, Etlik-Ankara, (M.S. MATER‹ALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study is an analysis of 74 Deveci), TURKEY middle ear biopsies from the promontory near the round window taken at Correspondent Author: first operation for COM performed. Thirty ears had COM with Yusuf Hidir, MD cholesteatoma. The other 44 ears had COM without cholesteatoma. Gulhane Medical School Materials were stained by Hematoxylin-eosin and Toluidine blue. Density Dept of ORL & HNS of gland and secretory cell, epithelial thickness, number of ciliated cell, 06018 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey infiltration and migration of chronic inflammatory cells (lymphocyte and Tel: +90 312 304 5731 plasma cell) and grade of vascular dilatation and proliferation between the Fax: +90 312 304 5700 patients with or without cholesteatoma were compared. The analysis of E-mail: [email protected] quantitative parameters was performed using Pearson χ2 test. Submitted: 16 December 2007 RESULTS: Infiltration and migration of lymphocyte and plasma cells, and Revised: 08 June 2008 grade of vascular dilatation and proliferation were significantly greater in Accepted: 15 July 2008 ears without cholesteatoma than those with cholesteatoma. Mediterr J Otol 2008; 4: 102-108 CONCLUS‹ONS: These findings indicate that distinct physiopathologic mechanisms may play role in development of COM in terms of presence of cholesteatoma. -
SJMCR-47474-475.Pdf
DOI: 10.21276/sjmcr.2016.4.7.5 Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2347-6559 (Online) Sch J Med Case Rep 2016; 4(7):474-475 ISSN 2347-9507 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers (SAS Publishers) (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) Vulval Papillary Hidradenoma Clinically Mimicking a Sebaceous Cyst- A Case Report Swagata Dowerah, Bandita Das Dept. of Pathology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam *Corresponding author Swagata Dowerah Abstract: Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare benign adnexal tumor with apocrine differentiation seen in anogenital area of women. We present a 25 year old female presenting with an asymptomatic mass in the vulva. On examination, a single round nodule was seen in the vulva , firm and non-tender. A clinical diagnosis of Bartholin’s cyst was made. On gross examination, a brownish mass measuring 1.5 X 1.5 X 1.5cms was seen which was greyish white on cut section. H &E stained sections showed papillary and complex glandular structures lined by columnar cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. A diagnosis of papillary hidradenoma was made. This case is presented due to its rarity and to emphasise that while evaluating vulval nodules, hidradenoma needs to be considered, as these lesions lack distinctive clinical characteristics. Keywords: hidradenoma, papilliferum, vulva, sebaceous cyst. INTRODUCTION Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare benign adnexal tumor having apocrine differentiation ,which usually presents as an asymptomatic flesh-colored nodule in the anogenital area of women [1]. It is considered by some to be an analog of intraductal papilloma of the breast [2]. It probably derives from anogenital mammary-like glands, which often are found in or around the hidradenoma[2, 3]. -
The Brain and Behavior
This page intentionally left blank The Brain and Behavior The Brain and Behavior An Introduction to Behavioral Neuroanatomy Third Edition David L. Clark Nash N. Boutros Mario F. Mendez CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521142298 © D. Clark, N. Boutros, M. Mendez 2010 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2010 ISBN-13 978-0-511-77469-0 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 978-0-521-14229-8 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to- date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. -
Guideline-Management-Giant-Cell
Arthritis Care & Research Vol. 73, No. 8, August 2021, pp 1071–1087 DOI 10.1002/acr.24632 © 2021 American College of Rheumatology. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Giant Cell Arteritis and Takayasu Arteritis Mehrdad Maz,1 Sharon A. Chung,2 Andy Abril,3 Carol A. Langford,4 Mark Gorelik,5 Gordon Guyatt,6 Amy M. Archer,7 Doyt L. Conn,8 Kathy A. Full,9 Peter C. Grayson,10 Maria F. Ibarra,11 Lisa F. Imundo,5 Susan Kim,2 Peter A. Merkel,12 Rennie L. Rhee,12 Philip Seo,13 John H. Stone,14 Sangeeta Sule,15 Robert P. Sundel,16 Omar I. Vitobaldi,17 Ann Warner,18 Kevin Byram,19 Anisha B. Dua,7 Nedaa Husainat,20 Karen E. James,21 Mohamad A. Kalot,22 Yih Chang Lin,23 Jason M. Springer,1 Marat Turgunbaev,24 Alexandra Villa-Forte, 4 Amy S. Turner,24 and Reem A. Mustafa25 Guidelines and recommendations developed and/or endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) are intended to provide guidance for particular patterns of practice and not to dictate the care of a particu- lar patient. The ACR considers adherence to the recommendations within this guideline to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in light of each patient’s individual circumstances. Guidelines and recommendations are intended to promote beneficial or desirable outcomes but cannot guarantee any specific outcome. -
SNOMED CT Codes for Gynaecological Neoplasms
SNOMED CT codes for gynaecological neoplasms Authors: Brian Rous1 and Naveena Singh2 1Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust and 2Barts Health NHS Trusts Background (summarised from NHS Digital): • SNOMED CT is a structured clinical vocabulary for use in an electronic health record. It forms an integral part of the electronic care record, and serves to represent care information in a clear, consistent, and comprehensive manner. • The move to a single terminology, SNOMED CT, for the direct management of care of an individual, across all care settings in England, is recommended by the National Information Board (NIB), in “Personalised Health and Care 2020: A Framework for Action”. • SNOMED CT is owned, managed and licensed by SNOMED International. NHS Digital is the UK Member's National Release Centre for the creation of, and delegated authority to licence the SNOMED CT Edition and derivatives. • The benefits of using SNOMED CT in electronic care records are that it: • enables sharing of vital information consistently within and across health and care settings • allows comprehensive coverage and greater depth of details and content for all clinical specialities and professionals • includes diagnosis and procedures, symptoms, family history, allergies, assessment tools, observations, devices • supports clinical decision making • facilitates analysis to support clinical audit and research • reduces risk of misinterpretations of the record in different care settings • Implementation plans for England: • SNOMED CT must be implemented across primary care and deployed to GP practices in a phased approach from April 2018. • Secondary care, acute care, mental health, community systems, dentistry and other systems used in direct patient care must use SNOMED CT as the clinical terminology, before 1 April 2020. -
A 69-Year-Old Woman with Intermittent Claudication and Elevated ESR
756 Self-assessment corner Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.74.878.756 on 1 December 1998. Downloaded from A 69-year-old woman with intermittent claudication and elevated ESR M L Amoedo, M P Marco, M D Boquet, S Muray, J M Piulats, M J Panades, J Ramos, E Fernandez A 69-year-old woman was referred to our out-patient clinic because of long-term hypertension and stable chronic renal failure (creatinine 132 ,umol/l), which had been attributed to nephroan- giosclerosis. She presented with a one-year history of anorexia, asthenia and loss of 6 kg ofweight. In addition, she complained of intermittent claudication of the left arm and both legs lasting 2 months. This provoked important functional limitation of the three limbs, and impaired ambula- tion. She did not complain of headache or symptoms suggestive of polymyalgia rheumatica. Her blood pressure was 160/95 mmHg on the right arm and undetectable on the left arm and lower limbs. Both temporal arteries were palpable and not painful. Auscultation of both carotid arteries was normal, without murmurs. Cardiac and pulmonary auscultation were normal. Mur- murs were audible on both subclavian arteries. Neither the humeral nor the radial pulse were detectable on the left upper limb. Murmurs were also audible on both femoral arteries, and nei- ther popliteal nor distal pulses were palpable. Her feet were cold although they had no ischaemic lesions. Funduscopic examination was essentially normal. The most relevant laboratory data were: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 120 mm/h, C-reactive protein 4.4 mg/dl (normal range <1.5); antinuclear and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative.