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(Actiniaria, Hormathiidae) from the Eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica

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(Actiniaria, Hormathiidae) from the Eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica Helgol Mar Res (2001) 55:116–123 DOI 10.1007/s101520100072 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Estefanía Rodríguez · Pablo J. López-González A new species of Hormathia (Actiniaria, Hormathiidae) from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica Received: 22 September 2000 / Received in revised form: 27 December 2000 Accepted: 28 February 2001 / Published online: 25 April 2001 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2001 Abstract A new species of sea anemone in the genus The genus Hormathia is one of the most distinctive Hormathia, is described and illustrated based on forty- genera of the Hormathiidae. It is characterized by 6 pairs two specimens collected during the Polarstern cruises of perfect and sterile mesenteries, and a similar number ANT XV/3 and ANT XVII/3 in the Weddell Sea. The of mesenteries distally and proximally. The column is di- main features of the new taxon are the crown of flattened visible into scapus and scapulus. The scapus is covered and hooked tubercles at the distal end of the scapus, the by a cuticle and provided with tubercles that may be ar- regular arrangement of pointed tubercles along the col- ranged in rows. There are no cinclides, and there are umn and the cnidom. The new species shares the pointed never more than 96 tentacles (without thickenings on tubercles, at least in the upper part of the scapus, with their aboral side),nor a cup-like pedal disc (Carlgren two other species of Hormathia in the southern hemi- 1949; Manuel 1988; Tur 1993). Despite these character- sphere: Hormathia spinosa Hertwig 1882 and H. pecti- istics, the variability between Hormathia species is nata Hertwig 1882 high (Stephenson 1935; Riemann-Zürneck 1973, 1994; Grebelnyi 1980a, 1980b). Thus, the description of diag- Keywords Hormathia spp. · Sea anemone · Weddell Sea nostic characters for identifying the species ascribed to this genus have not been always satisfactory, resulting in many synonyms in the literature (see for example syn- Introduction onyms for H. lacunifera given by Fautin-Dunn 1983: 50). Incomplete descriptions or the examination of a few, A large collection of more than 1400 specimens of sea if not single, specimens to propose a new species, creates anemones was collected during the recent EASIZ II and mistakes. Therefore, the re-examination of the type EASIZ III (Ecology of Antarctic Sea Ice Zone) Polar- material or recently collected specimens from the type stern cruises to the Weddell Sea and Antarctic Peninsula. locality are essential. From this collection, 42 specimens of an undescribed McMurrich (1893) proposed the genus Chitonanthus species of the genus Hormathia Gosse 1859 were detect- for those hormathiid species in which the scapulus bears ed. This species is described, and compared to the type longitudinal ridges and the scapus shows strong pointed material of its most similar congeners, H. spinosa tubercles not arranged in any definite order, particularly Hertwig 1882 and H. pectinata Hertwig 1882. in its distal portion. He reserved the genus Hormathia According to Fautin & Barber (1999), Hormathiidae for those forms with a smooth scapulus and only a coro- is one of the richest families of deep-sea anemones. The nal row of tubercles. McMurrich (1893: 189) included family is represented in the Antarctic waters by a num- Phellia pectinata Hertwig 1882, P. spinifera Hertwig ber of species, with H. lacunifera (Stepheson 1918) as 1888, and H. andersoni Haddon 1888, within the genus the most dominant Antarctic sea anemone (Fautin-Dunn Chitonanthus. Nevertheless, he expressed doubts about 1983). the generic diagnostic utility of the arrangement of these tubercles. According to Stephenson (1920: 512), the presence of capitular ridges should not be used as a Communicated by: H.-D. Franke generic character in hormathiids. Some genera such as Chitonanthus, Chondractinia Lütken 1860 and Chito- E. Rodríguez (✉) · P. J. López-González nactis Fischer 1874, that were separated in the past by Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain capitular features, are now considered synonyms of the e-mail: [email protected] genus Hormathia, using the diagnostic characters cited Tel.: +34 954557100, Fax: +34 954233480 above (see Carlgren, 1949). 117 According to Fautin-Dunn (1983:54), six Hormathia SANT (Subantarctic Water Ring Province, off South Australia), species are currently recognisable in the southern hemi- while the latter one is included in KURO (Kuroshio Current Prov- ince, off East Japan). Our comparisons with the new species here sphere: H. spinosa, H. pectinata, H. castanea (McMur- described are based on the subantarctic material (stn 157) first rich 1904), H. lacunifera, H. georgiana Carlgren 1927 mentioned in Hertwig’s monograph. The Challenger stations are and H. bouvetensis Carlgren 1928 (see Hertwig 1882a, remarkably far apart, but the material is from the bathyal zone, 1882b; McMurrich 1904; Stephenson 1918; Carlgren where wide distributions are often recorded. Despite this, a com- parative study based on this material is desirable to corroborate 1927, 1928). Among these, only H. pectinata and H. spi- the distribution of H. spinosa, or split this material in two different nosa share the character of pointed tubercles in the sca- species. pus with the new species here described. G Phellia pectinata Hertwig 1882 (NHM 1889.11.25.18). Type: Challenger cruise, stn. 307, 49°24’S 74°23’W, 147 fathoms, 4 January 1876. This species is now ascribed to the genus Material and methods Hormathia, as H. pectinata (Hertwig 1882) (see Carlgren 1949). The material studied was collected on the Polarstern cruises ANT XV/3 (EASIZ II) and ANT XVII/3 (EASIZ III), during the austral summer of 1998 and 2000, respectively, to the eastern Weddell Sea and Antarctic Peninsula. Results Sea anemones were relaxed using menthol crystals and subse- quently fixed in 10% formalin in seawater. Fragments of selected G Order Actiniaria Hertwig, 1882 specimens were dehydrated in buthanol (Johansen 1940), and em- G Family Hormathiidae Carlgren, 1925 bedded in paraffin. Histological sections 6–10 µm thick were G Genus Hormathia Gosse, 1859 stained with Ramón and Cajal’s Triple Stain (Gabe 1968). Cnidom measurements were taken from capsules in squash preparations at 1000X magnification on a Nomarski interference Hormathia armata sp. nov contrast microscope. Despite frequencies given being subjective impressions based on squash preparations, they do give some idea Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Table 1. of the relative abundance of the various types, varieties, and size- Type Material Holotype: ZMH (C 11656), 1 specimen, classes. Specimens of the species studied in this article have been de- Polarstern ANT XV/3, stn. 48/071, eastern Weddell Sea, posited in the Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum in 70°49.3’S 10°28.6’W, 281–301 m depth, 1 Feb 1998, Hamburg (ZMH), the Laboratorio de Biología Marina of the Uni- bottom trawl. Paratypes: ZMH (C 11657), 3 specimens, versity of Seville in Spain (LBM), the Natural History Museum in Polarstern ANT XV/3, stn. 48/189, eastern Weddell Sea, London (NHM), the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, former- ly the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, in Leiden (RMNH), 71°40.2’S 12°43.6’W, 244–248 m depth, 15 Feb 1998, and the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm Agassiz trawl; ZMH (C 11658), 2 specimens, Polarstern (SMNH). ANT XV/3, stn. 48/222, eastern Weddell Sea, 70°50.6’S For purposes of comparison, the following material deposited 10°35.5’W, 234–267 m depth, 19 Feb 1998, bottom at the NHM was also examined: trawl; LBM (ANT-201), 1 specimen, Polarstern ANT G Cereus spinosus Hertwig 1882 (NHM 1890.7.23.1). Syntype: XVII/3, stn. 119.1, eastern Weddell Sea, 70°50.40’S Challenger cruise, stn. 157, 53°55’S 108°35’E, 1950 fathoms, 10°35.20’W, 226–266 m depth, 7 Apr 2000, bottom 3 March 1874. This species is now ascribed to the genus Hormathia, as H. spinosa (Hertwig 1882) (see Carlgren 1949). trawl; NHM (2000.2907), 1 specimen, Polarstern ANT XVII/3, stn. 119.1, eastern Weddell Sea, 70°50.40’S Remarks: Hertwig (1882a, 1882b) included as material examined 10°35.20’W, 226–266 m depth, 7 Apr 2000, bottom for the description of his Cereus spinosus specimens from two widely separated stations, 157 and 237, from the Challenger trawl; RMNH (Coel. 24700), 1 specimen, Polarstern Expedition. According to the biogeographical areas proposed by ANT XVII/3, stn. 119.1, eastern Weddell Sea, Longhurst (1998), the former station could be considered as 70°50.40’S 10°35.20’W, 226–266 m depth, 7 Apr 2000, Fig. 1 Hormathia armata sp. nov. Living specimen after menthol anaesthesia. (A) Oral disc; notice the white V-shaped marks at the bases of the fourth cycle of tentacles. (B) Distal portion in lateral view; notice the flattened and hook-like pointed tubercles (white arrow); notice the small white marks at base on aboral side of the tentacles of the last cycles (black arrows). Scale bars: 20 mm 118 Fig. 2 Hormathia armata sp. nov. (A) Holotype (ZMH C 11656) in lateral view. White arrow indicates the flattened and hook-like pointed tubercles. (B) Paratype (ZMH C 11657) in oral view. (C) Paratypes (ZMH C 11657). Scale bars: 30 mm Fig. 3 Hormathia armata sp. nov. (A) Detail of the flattened and hook-like pointed tubercles from the holotype (ZMH C 11656). (B) Part of the crown of flatted and pointed pyramidal tubercles with square-shaped bases from the paratype (ZMH C 11657). Scale bars: A, 3 mm; B, 5 mm bottom trawl; SMNH (Type n° 5263), 2 specimens, 70°50.4’S 10°35.4’W, 236–272 m depth, 19 Feb 1998, Polarstern ANT XVII/3, stn. 119.1, eastern Weddell Sea, bottom trawl; LBM (ANT-197), 1 specimen, Polarstern 70°50.40’S 10°35.20’W, 226–266 m depth, 7 Apr 2000, ANT XVII/3, stn.
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