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UK and Australia June 2019

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UK and Australia June 2019 Fifth-Generation Enabled Military Transformation: Australia, the UK and Shaping a Way Ahead By Dr. Robbin F. Laird, Research Fellow, The 6/15/19 Williams Foundation Australia and the UK are located in very different parts of the world. But both face significant challenges from a regional power with global reach. And both are reshaping their militaries to face the strategic shift from the land wars to full spectrum crisis management. Each has a different trajectory but through the common acquisition of the F-35, have cross-cutting transformation trajectories which will influence each other. And this is not due just to historical roots, but to the fact that for the first time in a significant period, both a flying the same combat aircraft. This report will address how each nation is addressing its military transformation and the evolving strategic context within which this unfolding. And the question of collaborative opportunities which might flow from their cross-cutting transformation processes are addressed. Fifth-Generation Enabled Military Transformation: Australia, the UK and Shaping a Way Ahead Fifth-Generation Enabled Military Transformation: Australia, the UK and Shaping a Way Ahead BY DR. ROBBIN F. LAIRD, RESEARCH FELLOW, THE WILLIAMS FOUNDATION I: The Return of Geography: The Centrality of Air-Sea Integration ....................................................... 4 The UK Case .................................................................................................................................................... 4 The Australian Case ........................................................................................................................................ 6 II. Direct Defense and the Changing Role of Alliances for the UK and Australia ................................. 8 The UK Case .................................................................................................................................................... 8 The Australian Case ...................................................................................................................................... 10 III. The Australian and UK Transformation Approaches ..................................................................... 12 The Australian Approach .............................................................................................................................. 13 The UK Approach .......................................................................................................................................... 18 IV. Shaping a Way Ahead: The Australian Dynamic .......................................................................... 22 The Air Integration Piece ............................................................................................................................... 23 The Air-Sea Integration Piece ........................................................................................................................ 26 The Air-Sea-Land Integration Piece ............................................................................................................... 28 Enhanced Force Sustainability and Resilience ............................................................................................... 30 An RAAF Perspective on Force Sustainability Going Forward ...................................................................... 32 The Shift from the Middle Eastern Mindset ...................................................................................................................... 33 The Case of the F-35 ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 Reworking the Relationship with Industry .......................................................................................................................... 35 Approaching New Capabilities ..................................................................................................................... 35 The Case of Software and IT Development and Security ............................................................................................. 35 Enhancing Australian Defense Industrial Capabilities for a More Sustainable ADF ............................................... 39 The Weapons Opportunity .................................................................................................................................................................. 40 The Shipbuilding Opportunity ............................................................................................................................................................. 41 The UAV Opportunity ........................................................................................................................................................................... 41 The Central Significance of the Loyal Wingman Program ........................................................................................... 42 V. Shaping a Way Ahead: The UK Dynamic ....................................................................................... 45 Return of Direct Defense: In the Brexit Context ............................................................................................................... 45 Reworking Alliances .............................................................................................................................................................. 47 The Queen Elizabeth Carriers: More than Just a New Platform .................................................................................. 50 Defense Industrial Dynamics ................................................................................................................................................ 57 Page 1 Fifth-Generation Enabled Military Transformation: Australia, the UK and Shaping a Way Ahead Transformation, New Platforms and Shaping A Way Ahead ...................................................................................... 59 The Next Phase of Airpower Transformation .................................................................................................................. 62 Typhoon Modernization ........................................................................................................................................................................ 64 F-35 Engagement and Impact............................................................................................................................................................. 68 Weapons Development and Modernization .................................................................................................................................... 72 Development and Deployment of a Family of Remotes................................................................................................................ 74 Training Innovations ............................................................................................................................................................................... 77 Tempest Program Sponsored Technology Demonstrators: The Need for a UK Plan Jericho ................................................ 79 VI. Shaping a Way Ahead: Collaborative Opportunities..................................................................... 81 Comparing the Paths of the RAAF and the RAF ............................................................................................ 82 A Plan Jericho Initiative ................................................................................................................................ 84 The F-35 Global Enterprise ............................................................................................................................ 84 Flying Common Platforms ............................................................................................................................. 87 Kill Web Training........................................................................................................................................... 87 Weapons and Remotes .................................................................................................................................. 89 The Frigate Case ............................................................................................................................................ 91 Page 2 Fifth-Generation Enabled Military Transformation: Australia, the UK and Shaping a Way Ahead Figure 1 THE RAAF Modernization Path ..................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 2 The RAAF's Approach to Shaping a Fifth Generation Force .................................................................... 17 Figure 3 Graphic from presentation by Royal Navy Captain Nick Walker at the Williams Foundation Seminar in Canberra, Australia, on Air-Sea Integration, August 2016 ........................................................................ 21 Figure 4 Shaping an Australian Way Ahead for Defense transformation ............................................................ 23 Figure 5 Evolution of UK Defense and Force Transformation .................................................................................. 45 Figure 6 The New Operational Environment .............................................................................................................
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