International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X
Population Fluctuation of Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) roosting site of Jasol (Balotra), India.
Preeti Soni Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001
Abstract:
Roosting site of Jasol (Balotra), megachiropteran species (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) first time explored. During the entire research period September 2010 to august 2013 we were found Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) roosting on trees of Neem (Azadiracta indica), and Vilayati imli (Pithecelobium dulse) near to the pond. Pteropus giganteus giganteus population number fluctuated because biotic and abiotic factors temperature (Maximum and Minimum) relative humidity (maximum and minimum), human activities, agriculture availabilities, water and noise pollution were influenced roosting site of Jasol, (Balotra) Barmer.
Keywords: Pteropus giganteus, Fluctuation, Factors, Jasol.
Introduction:
Bats are flying mammals. Order chiroptera divided by two sub order megachiroptera and microchiroptera. Mega bats are eats fruits, leaves, flower while microbats are eats insects (Khatun et al., 2014). Chiroptera (microchiroptera and megachiroptera) play a significant role in ecosystem such as insect control, pollination, seed dispersion, guano. These are economically important to human being (Fujita and Tuttle, 1991). Bats are usually colonial; less commonly, bats are solitary. Pteropus giganteus giganteus roosting on the trees of Vilayati imeli (Pithecellobium dulce), Ashoka (Saraca asoca) and Neem (Azadirachta indica). Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) live solitary and occasionally also roosts very close to one another (Soni, 2019) (fig.2). They can be seen to touch their wings with each other. Some individuals observed quarreling with each other (fig.2).
The study is carried out during survey September 2010 to August 2013, monthly fluctuation of population number Pteropus giganteus giganteus decrease and increase. Some biotic and abiotic factors influenced such as temperature, relative humidity, water, agriculture availabilities, noise pollution and construction work.
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Fig.1. Roosting site Jasol, Balotra. Fig.2. Pteropus giganteus giganteus
Study area and methods
Jasol (25°50’39”N Latitude72°15’06”E Longitude)
During survey first time found new roosting site of Megachiropteran species Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) in Jasol. It is twenty km away from Balotra city, Barmer (fig.1). Pteropus giganteus giganteus roost on the trees of Vilayati imeli (Pithecellobium dulce), Ashoka (Saraca asoca) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) (fig.2).
In winter temperature ranges between 25c - 27c and relative humidity 30%-32%, megabat (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) number increase. In summer temperature ranges between 40c - 42c and relative humidity 30%-40%, megabat (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) number decrease. The direct roost count methods (Thomas et al., 1979) were used for the census of the Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus giganteus. The Digital Minimum- Maximum Hygro thermometer were used to record microclimatic parameters viz., temperature, relative humidity and The Global positional system (GPS) was used roosting site of Jasol,(Balotra) (Purohit et al.,2013;Soni,2019).
Result and Discussion:
The entire study survey during September 2010 to August 2013, first time explored megachiropteran (Pteropus giganteus giganteus) roosting site Jasol (Balotra). Monthly fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity were affect Pteropus giganteus giganteus population number increase and decrease. In winter temperature (25 c -27c) and Relative humidity (30%-32%) Pteropus giganteus giganteus (450).
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Number of Pteropus giganteus giganteus 500 400 300 200 100 0
Fig.3.MonthlyFluctuation of Pteropus giganteus giganteus of roosting site in Jasol, Balotra.
In summer temperature 40c-42c and relative humidity 30%-40%, Pteropus giganteus giganteus (3) (fig.3). In summer Pteropus giganteus giganteus number decrease because some factors such as temperature, humidity, and loss of water and agriculture availabilities, construction work and noise pollution were influenced. All these factors fluctuated the population of Pteropus giganteus giganteus roosting site Jasol, Balotra (Barmer).
References:
. Fujita, M. S. and Tuttle, M. D. (1991): Flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): threatened animals of key economic importance: conservation Biology, 5: 455-463.
. Khatun, M., Ali, A and Sarma, S. (2014): Population fluctuation at Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus) colonies in the Kacharighat Roosting Site of Dhubri district of Assam. International journal of pure & applied bioscience, 2(4): 184-188.
. Purohit, A., Soni, P., Kaur, A. and Ram, H. (2013): Eco-status of chiropteran fauna in and around Thar Desert Barmer, India. International journal of conservation science, 4: 119-123.
. Soni,P. (2019): Roosting behavior and social organization of bats (Chiroptera) Barmer District, India. International journal of research and analytical review, 6 (2):1170- 1176. . Thomas, D. W. and Laval, R. K. (1998): Survey and census methods. Ecological and behavioural methods for the study of bats. Smithsonian Institution press, Washington, DC. 5: 77-89.
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