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Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
Chapter 6 Phylogenetic Relationships of Harpyionycterine Megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) NORBERTO P. GIANNINI1,2, FRANCISCA CUNHA ALMEIDA1,3, AND NANCY B. SIMMONS1 ABSTRACT After almost 70 years of stability following publication of Andersen’s (1912) monograph on the group, the systematics of megachiropteran bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) was thrown into flux with the advent of molecular phylogenetics in the 1980s—a state where it has remained ever since. One particularly problematic group has been the Austromalayan Harpyionycterinae, currently thought to include Dobsonia and Harpyionycteris, and probably also Aproteles.Inthis contribution we revisit the systematics of harpyionycterines. We examine historical hypotheses of relationships including the suggestion by O. Thomas (1896) that the rousettine Boneia bidens may be related to Harpyionycteris, and report the results of a series of phylogenetic analyses based on new as well as previously published sequence data from the genes RAG1, RAG2, vWF, c-mos, cytb, 12S, tVal, 16S,andND2. Despite a striking lack of morphological synapomorphies, results of our combined analyses indicate that Boneia groups with Aproteles, Dobsonia, and Harpyionycteris in a well-supported, expanded Harpyionycterinae. While monophyly of this group is well supported, topological changes within this clade across analyses of different data partitions indicate conflicting phylogenetic signals in the mitochondrial partition. The position of the harpyionycterine clade within the megachiropteran tree remains somewhat uncertain. Nevertheless, biogeographic patterns (vicariance-dispersal events) within Harpyionycterinae appear clear and can be directly linked to major biogeographic boundaries of the Austromalayan region. The new phylogeny of Harpionycterinae also provides a new framework for interpreting aspects of dental evolution in pteropodids (e.g., reduction in the incisor dentition) and allows prediction of roosting habits for Harpyionycteris, whose habits are unknown. -
Anatomy and Histology of the Heart in Egyptian Fruit
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(5): 50-56 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2016; 4(5): 50-56 Anatomy and histology of the heart in Egyptian © 2016 JEZS fruit bat (Rossetus aegyptiacus) Received: 09-09-2016 Accepted: 10-10-2016 Bahareh Alijani Bahareh Alijani and Farangis Ghassemi Department of Biology, Jahrom branch, Islamic Azad University, Abstract Jahrom, Iran This study was conducted to obtain more information about bats to help their conservation. Since 5 fruit Farangis Ghassemi bats, Rossetus aegyptiacus, weighing 123.04±0.08 g were captured using mist net. They were Department of Biology, Jahrom anesthetized and dissected in animal lab. The removed heart components were measured, fixed, and branch, Islamic Azad University, tissue processing was done. The prepared sections (5 µm) were subjected to Haematoxylin and Eosin Jahrom, Iran stain, and mounted by light microscope. Macroscopic and microscopic features of specimens were examined, and obtained data analyzed by ANOVA test. The results showed that heart was oval and closed in the transparent pericardium. The left and right side of heart were different significantly in volume and wall thickness of chambers. Heart was large and the heart ratio was 1.74%. Abundant fat cells, intercalated discs, and purkinje cells were observed. According to these results, heart in this species is similar to the other mammals and observed variation, duo to the high metabolism and energy requirements for flight. Keywords: Heart, muscle, bat, flight, histology 1. Introduction Bats are the only mammals that are able to fly [1]. Due to this feature, the variation in the [2, 3] morphology and physiology of their organs such as cardiovascular organs is expected Egyptian fruit bat (Rossetus aegyptiacus) belongs to order megachiroptera and it is the only megabat in Iran [4]. -
Emergence and Returning Activity in the Indian Flying Fox, Pteropus Giganteus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
International Journal of Geography and Geology 1(1):1-9 International Journal of Geography and Geology journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5011 EMERGENCE AND RETURNING ACTIVITY IN THE INDIAN FLYING FOX, PTEROPUS GIGANTEUS (CHIROPTERA: PTEROPODIDAE) M. R. Sudhakaran1 D. P. Swamidoss2 P. Parvathiraj3 ABSTRACT Approach: After a diurnal resting in the roost, bats adapts some behavioural pattern to get themselves active towards foraging there by involving in various activities. Their activity pattern differs from time to time depending on the change in climatic factors. But the behavioural activities they involved varies from time to time. Observation was done on the emergence and returning gate i. e the emergence or returning of first to last bat, pre emergence behaviour and post return behaviour, and influence of moonlight on foraging activity. Key Words: Post return activity, emergence gate, behaviour, pre-emergence behaviour. INTRODUCTION Most of the megachiropteran’s found in the sub tropics roost in tents, in manmade structures like old houses and temples and in foliages or hollows in trees, mainly to evade from the climatic factors, which affect them. Indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus roosts in open foliages of trees, a peculiar character of this genus. Papers dealing with behavioural aspects of P. giganteus are scarce. Apart from Neuweiler (1969), other works on behavioural aspects focused on copulatory behaviour (Koilraj et al., 2001), roost preference (Acharya, 1936), mating (Bhatt, 1942), local migration (Breadow, 1931; Nelson, 1965a) and general ecology and biology (Brosset, 1962). Bats roosting in closed environments involved in various behavioural activities during their emergence (Kunz, 1982) like light sampling, flying inside its roost etc. -
Are Megabats Flying Primates? Contrary Evidence from a Mitochondrial DNA Sequence
Aust. J. Bioi. Sci., 1988, 41, 327-32 Are Megabats Flying Primates? Contrary Evidence from a Mitochondrial DNA Sequence S. Bennett,A L. J. Alexander,A R. H. CrozierB,c and A. G. MackinlayA,c A School of Biochemistry, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, N.S.W. 2033. B School of Biological Science, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, N.S.W. 2033. C To whom reprint requests should be addressed. Abstract Bats (Chiroptera) are divided into the suborders Megachiroptera (fruit bats, 'megabats') and Micro chiroptera (predominantly insectivores, 'microbats'). It had been found that megabats and primates share a connection system between the retina and the midbrain not seen in microbats or other eutherian mammals, and challenging but plausible hypotheses were made that (a) bats are diphyletic and (b) megabats are flying primates. We obtained two DNA sequences from the mitochondrion of the fruit bat Pteropus poliocephalus, and performed phylogenetic analyses using the bat sequences in conjunction with homologous Drosophila, mouse, cow and human sequences. Two trees stand out as significantly more likely than any other; neither of these links the bat and human as the closest sequences. These results cast considerable doubt on the hypothesis that megabats are particularly close to primates. Introduction Various phylogenetic schemes based on morphology have linked bats and primates, such as in McKenna's (1975) grandorder Archonta, which also includes the Dermoptera (flying lemurs) and Scandentia (tree shrews). Molecular systematists, using immunological comparisons and amino acid sequences, have found that bats are not placed particularly close to primates, and that they are not diphyletic (Cronin and Sarich 1980; Dene et al. -
Population Fluctuation at Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus Giganteus) Colonies
Available online at www.ijpab.com ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 2 (4): 184-188 (2014) Research Article INTERNATIONAL JO URNAL OF PURE & APPLIED BIOSCIENCE Population fluctuation at Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus ) colonies in the Kacharighat Roosting Site of Dhubri district of Assam Monika Khatun¹, Azad Ali²* and Santanu Sarma³ ¹Researcher, Bat Research and Conservation Division (BRCD); Biodiversity and Ecological Research Centre (BERC); Department of Zoology, B. N. College, Dhubri-783324, Assam, India ²“Bat Research and Conservation Division (BRCD)”; Coordinator, “Biodiversity and Ecological Research Centre (BERC)”; Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, B.N. College, Dhubri-783324, Assam, India ³Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, B. N. College, Dhubri, Assam *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus) is a species of flying fox of the Pteropodidae family under the suborder Megachiroptera. It is one of the largest fruit bat species found in the Indian subcontinent. They have one to two young. This bat is gregarious and roosts in colonies which can number up to 1,000 individuals, during the day. Due to various anthropogenic and environmental causes their populations are declining alarmingly. Current study has been aimed to know the population and its fluctuation in the “Kacharighat Roosting Site” of Dhubri town area of Assam. “Direct roost count” method was followed to estimate the population size of the colony. Observations were mostly done with the naked eyes . All total four roosting spots were identified in the roosting site. Highest population was recorded at 775 in the site. Total population of the roosting site was ranged between 720 and 775 during the study. -
Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats
Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats A agnella, Kerivoula 901 Anchieta’s Bat 814 aquilus, Glischropus 763 Aba Leaf-nosed Bat 247 aladdin, Pipistrellus pipistrellus 771 Anchieta’s Broad-faced Fruit Bat 94 aquilus, Platyrrhinus 567 Aba Roundleaf Bat 247 alascensis, Myotis lucifugus 927 Anchieta’s Pipistrelle 814 Arabian Barbastelle 861 abae, Hipposideros 247 alaschanicus, Hypsugo 810 anchietae, Plerotes 94 Arabian Horseshoe Bat 296 abae, Rhinolophus fumigatus 290 Alashanian Pipistrelle 810 ancricola, Myotis 957 Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat 164, 170, 176 abbotti, Myotis hasseltii 970 alba, Ectophylla 466, 480, 569 Andaman Horseshoe Bat 314 Arabian Pipistrelle 810 abditum, Megaderma spasma 191 albatus, Myopterus daubentonii 663 Andaman Intermediate Horseshoe Arabian Trident Bat 229 Abo Bat 725, 832 Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat 565 Bat 321 Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat 229 Abo Butterfly Bat 725, 832 albericoi, Platyrrhinus 565 andamanensis, Rhinolophus 321 arabica, Asellia 229 abramus, Pipistrellus 777 albescens, Myotis 940 Andean Fruit Bat 547 arabicus, Hypsugo 810 abrasus, Cynomops 604, 640 albicollis, Megaerops 64 Andersen’s Bare-backed Fruit Bat 109 arabicus, Rousettus aegyptiacus 87 Abruzzi’s Wrinkle-lipped Bat 645 albipinnis, Taphozous longimanus 353 Andersen’s Flying Fox 158 arabium, Rhinopoma cystops 176 Abyssinian Horseshoe Bat 290 albiventer, Nyctimene 36, 118 Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arafura Large-footed Bat 969 Acerodon albiventris, Noctilio 405, 411 Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat 254 Arata Yellow-shouldered Bat 543 Sulawesi 134 albofuscus, Scotoecus 762 Andersen’s Little Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Talaud 134 alboguttata, Glauconycteris 833 Andersen’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat 109 Bat 543 Acerodon 134 albus, Diclidurus 339, 367 Andersen’s Roundleaf Bat 254 aratathomasi, Sturnira 543 Acerodon mackloti (see A. -
A Checklist of the Mammals of South-East Asia
A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia PHOLIDOTA Pangolin (Manidae) 1 Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) 2 Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) INSECTIVORA Gymnures (Erinaceidae) 3 Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnurus) 4 Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus) 5 Chinese Gymnure (Hylomys sinensis) 6 Large-eared Gymnure (Hylomys megalotis) Moles (Talpidae) 7 Slender Shrew-mole (Uropsilus gracilis) 8 Kloss's Mole (Euroscaptor klossi) 9 Large Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor grandis) 10 Long-nosed Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor longirostris) 11 Small-toothed Mole (Euroscaptor parvidens) 12 Blyth's Mole (Parascaptor leucura) 13 Long-tailed Mole (Scaptonyx fuscicauda) Shrews (Soricidae) 14 Lesser Stripe-backed Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae) 15 Myanmar Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella wardi) 16 Indochinese Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella griselda) 17 Hodgson's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus caudatus) 18 Bailey's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus baileyi) 19 Long-taied Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus macrurus) 20 Lowe's Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa parca) 21 Van Sung's Shrew (Chodsigoa caovansunga) 22 Mole Shrew (Anourosorex squamipes) 23 Himalayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale himalayica) 24 Styan's Water Shrew (Chimarrogale styani) Page 1 of 17 Database: Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, www.jetwingeco.com A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia 25 Malayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale hantu) 26 Web-footed Water Shrew (Nectogale elegans) 27 House Shrew (Suncus murinus) 28 Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (Suncus etruscus) 29 South-east -
Flying Foxes): Preliminary Chemical Comparisons Among Species Jamie Wagner SIT Study Abroad
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by World Learning SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2008 Glandular Secretions of Male Pteropus (Flying Foxes): Preliminary Chemical Comparisons Among Species Jamie Wagner SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Wagner, Jamie, "Glandular Secretions of Male Pteropus (Flying Foxes): Preliminary Chemical Comparisons Among Species" (2008). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 559. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/559 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Glandular secretions of male Pteropus (flying foxes): Preliminary chemical comparisons among species By Jamie Wagner Academic Director: Tony Cummings Project Advisor: Dr. Hugh Spencer Oberlin College Biology and Neuroscience Cape Tribulation, Australia Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Australia: Natural and Cultural Ecology, SIT Study Abroad, Fall 2008 1 1. Abstract Chemosignaling – passing information by means of chemical compounds that can be detected by members of the same species – is a very important form of communication for most mammals. Flying fox males have odiferous marking secretions on their neck-ruffs that include a combination of secretion from the neck gland and from the urogenital tract; males use this substance to establish territory, especially during the mating season. -
The Megabat Series
A CLASSROOM GUIDE TO the Megabat Series JOIN EVERYONE’S FAVORITE BAT FOR THESE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES! TUNDRA BOOKS MEGABAT SERIES BY ANNA HUMPHREY AND ILLUSTRATED BY KASS REICH TUNDRA BOOKS About the Books Ages 6-10. Grades 2-5. Lexile Reading Level: 660L Megabat Megabat and Fancy Cat Megabat Is a Fraidybat Hardcover ISBN 9780735262577 Hardcover ISBN 9780735262591 Hardcover ISBN 9780735266025 Trade Paperback ISBN Trade Paperback ISBN 9780735266957 9780735267114 Daniel’s new house has a surprise: a talking bat who lives in the attic! Join Daniel and Megabat on their adventures in this sweet and funny early chapter book series, perfect for fans of Kate DiCamillo’s Mercy Watson books. Praise for the Megabat Series “ THE MISCOMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN HUMANS AND A FRUIT BAT ARE RIDICULOUS YET FUNNY . A CHARMING TALE.” —Kirkus Reviews “ THIS TALKING FRUIT BAT CHARMS EVERYONE HE MEETS: A YOUNG BOY NAMED DANIEL, A PIGEON LOVE INTEREST AND DISCERNING YOUNG READERS.” —Quill & Quire About the Author About the Illustrator ANNA HUMPHREY has worked in marketing KASS REICH was born in Montreal, Quebec. for a poetry organization, in communications She works as an artist and educator and for the Girl Guides of Canada, as an editor has spent the majority of the last decade for a webzine, as an intern at a decorating traveling and living abroad. She now finds magazine and for the government. None herself back in Canada, but this time in of those was quite right, so she started her Toronto. Kass loves illustrating books for own freelance writing and editing business all ages, including Megabat, Megabat and on top of writing for kids and teens. -
Habitat Selection of Endangered and Endemic Large Flying-Foxes in Subic
Biological Conservation 126 (2005) 93–102 www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Habitat selection of endangered and endemic large Xying-foxes in Subic Bay, Philippines Tammy L. Mildenstein a,¤, Sam C. Stier a, C.E. Nuevo-Diego b, L. Scott Mills c a c/o US Peace Corps, Patio Madrigal Compound, 2775 Roxas Blvd., Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines b 9872 Isarog St. Umali Subdivision, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines c Wildlife Biology Program, School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0596, USA Received 6 June 2004 Available online 5 July 2005 Abstract Large Xying-foxes in insular Southeast Asia are the most threatened of the Old World fruit bats due to high levels of deforestation and hunting and eVectively little local conservation commitment. The forest at Subic Bay, Philippines, supports a rare, large colony of vulnerable Philippine giant fruit bats (Pteropus vampyrus lanensis) and endangered and endemic golden-crowned Xying-foxes (Acerodon jubatus). These large Xying-foxes are optimal for conservation focus, because in addition to being keystone, Xagship, and umbrella species, the bats are important to Subic Bay’s economy and its indigenous cultures. Habitat selection information stream- lines management’s eVorts to protect and conserve these popular but threatened animals. We used radio telemetry to describe the bats’ nighttime use of habitat on two ecological scales: vegetation and microhabitat. The fruit bats used the entire 14,000 ha study area, including all of Subic Bay Watershed Reserve, as well as neighboring forests just outside the protected area boundaries. Their recorded foraging locations ranged between 0.4 and 12 km from the roost. -
Article in Press
ARTICLE IN PRESS Please cite this article in press as: Pettigrew JD, et al., Primate-like retinotectal decussation in an echolocating megabat, ROUSET- TUS AEGYPTIACUS, Neuroscience (2008), doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.02.019 Neuroscience xx (2008) xxx PRIMATE-LIKE RETINOTECTAL DECUSSATION IN AN ECHOLOCATING MEGABAT, ROUSETTUS AEGYPTIACUS J. D. PETTIGREW,a* B. C. MASEKOb sophisticated, Doppler-shift compensated laryngeal echo- b AND P. R. MANGER location; they have microchromosomes in their karyotype; aQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland 4072, Upland and they have a relatively simple brain organization (ex- Road, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia cluding the auditory system) resembling that of insecti- bSchool of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univer- vores (Manger et al., 2001; Maseko and Manger, 2007). In sity of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannes- contrast, megabats have no nose leaf or laryngeal echo- burg, Republic of South Africa location, a normal karyotype, a unique papillated retina and a complex brain (Rosa, 1999; Manger and Rosa, Abstract—The current study was designed to reveal the reti- 2005; Maseko et al., 2007) with visual connections akin to notectal pathway in the brain of the echolocating megabat the pattern found otherwise only in primates (Allman 1977; Rousettus aegyptiacus. The retinotectal pathway of other Pettigrew, 1986). Molecular evidence from serum proteins species of megabats shows the primate-like pattern of de- (Schreiber et al., 1994), hemoglobin (Pettigrew et al., cussation in the retina; however, it has been reported that the echolocating Rousettus did not share this feature. To test 1989), alpha-crystallin (Jaworski, 1995) and other proteins this prior result we injected fluorescent dextran tract tracers contradict the DNA evidence that aligns rhinolophoids with into the right (fluororuby) and left (fluoroemerald) superior the very different megabats, as does morphological anal- colliculi of three adult Rousettus. -
Indian Flying Fox Pteropus Giganteus Is Declining in Lowland Nepal: Need of Conservation Actions
Hem Bahadur Katuwal, Subash Kushwaha, Rui-Chang Quan Journal of www.secemu.org Bat Research & Conservation DOI: 10.14709/BarbJ.12.1.2019.08 NATURAL HISTORY NOTE Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus is declining in lowland Nepal: Need of conservation actions Hem Bahadur Katuwal1,2,3,*, Subash Kushwaha4, Rui-Chang Quan1 1 Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ABSTRACT Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar, & Center for Integrative Conservation, The population of the largest fruit bat Indian flying fox is declining throughout its Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical range. We identified tree felling and hunting as current threats to 11 newly recorded Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, colonies across eight districts of lowland Nepal and that six previously known roosts Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China have collapsed. Importantly, we identified that local people were unaware of the 2 University of Chinese Academy of ecological benefits and importance of the Indian flying fox. We propose a number of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China immediate conservation actions required to protect the remnant populations of the 3 Small Mammals Conservation and species in human-dominated landscapes across Nepal. Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal 4 Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Hetauda, Makwanpur, Nepal * Corresponding author email: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.14709/BarbJ.12.1.2019.08 Keywords: hunting, roosts, roost collapse, threats, tree felling received: February, 11th 2019 accepted: August, 15th 2019 The Indian flying foxPteropus giganteus (Brünnich, 1782) 2011, Neupane et al. 2016). Known colonies of the Indian is the largest fruit bat in Nepal and forms large roosting flying fox are not monitored and little is known about their colonies often close to human settlements in urban and current distribution within the country (Jnawali et al.