The Next 50 years in Italian Space

Roberto Battiston ASI President 2010

Sunday 1 February 15 National History

o- ’40: The Italian Space Community began to organize itself

o -‘50: Edoardo Amaldi and started the first aerospace projects

o- 1963: first Italian into orbit from Wallops Island (USA)

o-1966: the first Italian satellite launched from Italian equatorial Malindi Base (Kenya)

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Sunday 1 February 15 Italian Space Agency National History

!1963 - National Institute for Space Researches (IRS): the first formal space coordination activities

!1979 - first National Space Plan

!1988 - Institution of the Italian Space Agency (ASI)

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Sunday 1 February 15 Italian Space Agency International History

•: Italy is a founding Member State of the UN-COPUOS

1959: Prof. Edoardo Amaldi proposes the institution of an European body for civil space research

1964: Italy is a founding Member State of •ELDO, European Launcher Development Organization •ESRO, European Space Research Organization

1975: Italy is a founding Member State of the " (ESA)

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Sunday 1 February 15 Italian Space Agency www.asi.it

ASI is a public Agency, under the supervision of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research

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Sunday 1 February 15 ASI MISSION

■ Elaboration of national space strategies through the drafting of the National Space Plan

■ Promotion and financing of Scientific and Technological Space Research

■ Support of Space Education and Training of students and young professionals

■ Promotion and support of national aerospace industry

Sunday 1 February 15 ASI INTERNATIONAL MISSION Under the coordination of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MAECI), the Agency:

- Coordinates the Italian participation in ESA programs and activities; - Supports the Italian participation in European Union programs for the promotion of space research and technology; - Negotiates and defines bilateral and multilateral

Sunday 1 February 15 ASI HQs and Centres

#

250 employees, 3 Centers

- Head Quarters in Rome (220 staff) - Science Data Center in Rome - Space Geodesy Center in Matera (30 staff) - Space Center in Malindi (Kenya)(200 employees)

Sunday 1 February 15 ASI Science Data Center (ASDC)

The ASI Science Data Center (ASDC) is an ASI facility operated in collaboration with INAF and INFN. ASDC is a multi-mission science operations, data processing and data archiving facility that provides support to several scientific space missions in the fields of astrophysics, cosmology, exploration of the Solar system and astroparticle physics.

•ASDC employs 40 scientists and engineers.

•Data from 20 missions or experiment in orbit are currently archived.

•3 missions selected to be launched.

•Scientific Software for astrophysical missions is prepared and distributed

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Sunday 1 February 15 ASI (BSC) – Malindi - Kenya

The BSC is composed by two segments: Land Segment and Sea Segment

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Sunday 1 February 15 ASI Companies - PPP

ASITEL

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Sunday 1 February 15 Participated Companies

1998 47% ASI 5% CNR 2001 9% TAS provision of engineering and logistic 16% Consorzio Regione Campania support services for the ISS operation 14% 19 other local business 20% Icarus Soc. Consortile Reg. Piemonte 29% ASI 2003 51% TAS Italia SPA VEGA implementation and coordination 70% by Avio SpA 30% by ASI

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Sunday 1 February 15 Participated Companies

CONSORZIO GEOSAT ASITEL MOLISE 2010 2010 2011 development, production consortium with a public capital development, and marketing of majority, operating on the territory production and services, products and of Molise in research, in technology marketing of services applications and production processes. and applications in in the field of Earth 1% Regione Molise telecommunications Observation 25% Università degli Studi del Molise satellite 20% ASI 49% Telespazio SpA currently 100% ASI 80% Telespazio SpA 25% ASI

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Sunday 1 February 15 Financial and Economic Features

•ASI Budget Outcomes: annual budget increased by 25 % in 2014 : 700 M€/year for the period 2015-2020

ASI Activities Plan 2015-2017

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Sunday 1 February 15 8% % 36% 18%

25% 8%

ASI Activities Plan 2015-2017

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 Observation of the Universe Solar System Exploration To Saturn To Asteroids To Mars

NASA Dawn - VIR-MS NASA ESA NASA ESA ASI MRO - SHARAD Mars Express – Cassini Huygens MARSIS , PFS Antenna, VIMS, ESA To Jupiter Radar, Rosetta-Philae To Venus Radioscience - HASI To a Comet… NASA ESA JUNO - JIRAM, KaT Venus Express – In preparation within ESA mainframe: VIRTIS, PFS #BepiColombo - to Mercury launch 2016 #SOLAR ORBITER - to the Sun launch 2018 "In preparation #JUICE - to Jupiter’s Moons launch 2022 ESA … and a look to extra solar planets with ExoMars ‘16 and ‘18 CHEOPS ( 2017) and PLATO (2019) "Under evaluation other future missions with NASA

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 ROSETTA Mission The italian contribution to a great European success

The ESA Rosetta mission reached the Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on the 6th of August 2014 and released the lander Philae on 12th of November. The mission will make the most detailed study of a comet ever attempted; it will follow the comet on its journey through the inner Solar System, measuring how its activity will evolve as the icy surface is warmed up by the Sun.

Italian contribute to Rosetta orbiter with: #Realization of VIRTIS instrument to make spectral mapping of the comet surface #Realization of GIADA instrument to determine size, velocity and quantity of dust grains in the Comet environment #Realization of the Wide Angle Camera-WAC for the OSIRIS optical camera suite

Italian contribute to Philae with: #Realization, with DLR and CNES, of the Philae lander #Realization of SD2 Instrument to drill the comet surface and acquire samples– #Realization of thePhilae’s Solar panels (SELEX-ES)

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 Remote sensing Payloads Imaging Spectrometer

Cameras Cassini Exomars Dawn Rosetta Rosetta Juno Venus Express

SAR Radar Cassini Optical suite Sounding radar Radioscience BepiColombo Mars Express Cassini MRO Juno Bepicolombo

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015Padua January 2010 Sunday 1 February 15 Observation of the Universe Astrophysics and Astroparticles

# Fermi/Glast NASA mission for the study of gamma rays, launched in 2010 # Agile (Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini ultra Leggero) National mission for gamma rays research in deep space, launched in 2007 # SWIFT NASA mission Astrophysics Telescope Satellite for the observation of cosmic explosions # Nu-Star NASA mission High energy X-Astrophysics mission AMS, on board of the ISS, seeker " Next mission: Contribution to the ESA large for antimatter X-ray space observatory ATHENA, launch 2025

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 Astrophysics and Cosmology missions

XMM AGILE Integral Herschel Fermi Swift Pamela

Planck

Nu-Star AMS-2 $ATHENA

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 In situ instruments

Philae

H-ASI DLR-ASI-CNES

SD2

MA-MISS DREAMS 10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015

Sunday 1 February 15 Manned Exploration and ISS

Italy is the first country Columbus/ATV Node 2 and 3 in Europe in the ISS More than 50% of pressurized volume has been built in Italy (TAS-I)

MPLM/PMM Cupola

Sunday 1 February 15 Since 1992 7 Italian astronauts have flown into Space 10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015

Sunday 1 February 15 The first italian woman in space

Samantha Cristoforetti reached the ISS in November 2014

120 scientists have contributed with 20 payloads and 2 scientific facilities onboard. Here the main experiments:

•Blind and Imagined - move Short bLind plus shrINK (SLINK) •Bone/Muscle check •Cell Shape and Expression (Cytospace) •Drain Brain •Orthostatic Tolerance •POP 3D •Nanoparticles and Osteoporosis (NATO) •Wearable monitoring •ISSpresso

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Sunday 1 February 15 Communication Infrastructures Development of programs and technologies in space communications, both in space and terrestrial components Infrastructures

•Athena-Fidus: Italian and French Dual Use satellite in 37,8° East Ka band for “non-strategic” broad band connecvity (launched in 2014) • Ka capacity Athena •P/L in Q/V Band on ESA Alphasat plaorm (launched Fidus in 2013) •Broadcast P/L in Ku band on ESA E-DRS (launch planned : 2015) 9° East

Ku Other Acvies capacity •High Throughput Satellite preliminary study •

•Integrated Applicaons and Technologies Programs Q/V P/L on (Naonal and ESA ARTES Programs) EDRS-A ESA (Ku P/L) Alphasat

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Sunday 1 February 15 Navigation

- Multilateral collaboration on Navigation via ICG – International Committee on GNSS - Italian national strategy based on use on EU systems Galileo and EGNOS and on interoperability with other GNSSs; Italy hosts one of the Galileo Control Centre

Main national programmes: •PRESAGO project to define procedural methods and procedures required for PRS (Public Regulated Service - the Galileo classified service) •SENECA project to promote the GNSS based innovation on Civil Aviation •Several Application initiatives promoting GNSS to increse the Safety in the Maritime and Road Transport Sectors and to improve infomobility (ex. For disabled citizen)

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Sunday 1 February 15 Access to Space: Italian partecipation to European programmes

Ariane launchers Ariane 5 leading the world market since 1997 for GEO sat Ariane 6 new development approved at CM 2014

VEGA 65% funded by Italy, lead by Italian company ELV, qualified on February 2012 Vega C evolution programme approved at CM 2014

Re-entry vehicles XV programme lead by Italy flight onboard Vega, February 2015 PRIDE programme approved at CM 2014

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Sunday 1 February 15 Access to Space: a look back … What was there, 50 years ago, and what is there, today?

TELECOMMUNICATION Fixed ‘ground’ phones, telefax, analog TV transmissions .. … mobiles, satellite connection, digital encoding of signals, internet

EARTH OBSERVATION Ground inspections, aeroplane local survey.. … optical sat, SAR sat, infrared sat NAVIGATION Maps, radar, .. … sat constellation ‘real time’ global coverage

ACCESS TO SPACE Chemical rocket propulsion, expendable vehicles, dedicated ground infrastructures … … optimized, but still SAME TECHNOLOGIES

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Sunday 1 February 15 Access to Space: … to have a vision for the long term future

Some guideline to possible BREAKTHROUGH % space elevator $ efficiency, cost reduction for standard payloads

% affordable reusability $ ‘light’ concept of a ‘single-stage-to-orbit

courtesy: Skylon % use of the ‘aero-space’ segment (sub-orbital flights) $ to merge aeronautical and space skills for public daily benefits

% to safe the use of nuclear power in space for “very far” frontiers $ for human Solar system exploration

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Sunday 1 February 15 Mars Sample Return

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Sunday 1 February 15 Mars Human OutpostMars Sample Return

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Sunday 1 February 15 ASI radar Technology and Programs

COSMO-SkyMed (X-Band)

X-BAND

SENTINEL-1 (C-Band) C-BAND

SAOCOM (L-Band)

L-BAND Example of C / L / P – Bands OverlaY Fraser - Colorado

P-BAND

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Sunday 1 February 15 ASI Earth Observation Missions

COSMO-SkyMed: X-Band SAR Constellation National PRISMA: hypespectral mission demonstrator missions

Earth Explorers (SMOS, Cryosat, Swarm, ADM, Earthcare, Biomass) ESA/Eumetsat Copernicus / Sentinels missions Metop / Meteosat

SIASGE/ Argentina International SHALOM/ Israel missions CSES/ China

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 ASI Earth Observation Ground

COSMO-SKyMed Ground Segment

Copernicus IT Collaborative Ground Segment

ASI Space Geodesy Center

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 ASI Earth Observation Science and Applications

Data Exploitation: •ASI COSMO-SkyMed Open Call for Science •ASI & CSA COSMO-SKyMed /RADARSAT-2 Joint Announcement of Opportunity

Disasters Risk Management Activities (volcano, earthquake, floods, oil spill): •Pilot Projects with Italian Civil Protection •Bilateral cooperation with JAXA ( ALOS, L-band SAR) •CEOS DRM Pilot Projects (Volcano, Seismic, Floods) •Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories Initiative

Environmental Monitoring Activities: •Projects with National Institutions •GEO Global Forest Observation Initiative

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

• FLOODS • OIL SPILL • EARTHQUAKES • LANDSLIDES • VOLCANOES • SEISMIC RISK • FIRES

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

OCEAN AND ICE MONITORING

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

OCEAN AND ICE MONITORING

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTALIINES AND INLAND WATERS

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

OCEAN AND ICE MONITORING

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTALIINES AND INLAND WATERS

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

OCEAN AND ICE MONITORING

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTALIINES AND INLAND WATERS

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

TECHNICAL CARTOGRAPHY – URBAN PLANNING

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

OCEAN AND ICE MONITORING

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTALIINES AND INLAND WATERS

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

TECHNICAL CARTOGRAPHY – URBAN PLANNING

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS

Sunday 1 February 15 WIDE APPLICATION RANGE IN A DUAL SCENARIO

RISK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

OCEAN AND ICE MONITORING

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTALIINES AND INLAND WATERS

MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

TECHNICAL CARTOGRAPHY – URBAN PLANNING

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS

SECURITY APPLICATIONS

Sunday 1 February 15 The COSMO-SkyMed PROGRAMME

Sunday 1 February 15 The COSMO-SkyMed PROGRAMME

! The main Italian investment in Space System for Earth Observation

Sunday 1 February 15 The COSMO-SkyMed PROGRAMME

! The main Italian investment in Space System for Earth Observation

! A National Program conceived by Italian Space Agency (ASI) and funded by It. Ministry of Research & It. Ministry of Defence

Sunday 1 February 15 The COSMO-SkyMed PROGRAMME

! The main Italian investment in Space System for Earth Observation

! A National Program conceived by Italian Space Agency (ASI) and funded by It. MinistryDUAL of Research USE & It. Ministry of Defence SYSTEM

Sunday 1 February 15 The COSMO-SkyMed PROGRAMME

! The main Italian investment in Space System for Earth Observation

! A National Program conceived by Italian Space Agency (ASI) and funded by It. Ministry of Research & It. Ministry of Defence

! Managed by ASI in cooperation with the It. MoD

Sunday 1 February 15 The COSMO-SkyMed PROGRAMME

! The main Italian investment in Space System for Earth Observation

! A National Program conceived by Italian Space Agency (ASI) and funded by It. Ministry of Research & It. Ministry of Defence

! Managed by ASI in cooperation with the It. MoD

! Developed by the Italian National Industry

Sunday 1 February 15 MULTI-MODE IMAGING CAPABILITY

Sunday 1 February 15 MULTI-MODE IMAGING CAPABILITY

SCANSAR WIDE 100 Km X 100 Km Resolution 30 m

SCANSAR HUGE 200 Km X 200 Km Resolution 100 m

Sunday 1 February 15 MULTI-MODE IMAGING CAPABILITY

STRIPMAP - HIMAGE 40 Km X 40 Km Resolution 3 m

STRIPMAP – PING PONG 30 Km X 30 Km Resolution 15 m

SCANSAR WIDE 100 Km X 100 Km Resolution 30 m

SCANSAR HUGE 200 Km X 200 Km Resolution 100 m

WIDE FIELD

Sunday 1 February 15 MULTI-MODE IMAGING CAPABILITY SPOTLIGHT 10 Km X 10 Km Resolution 1 m

STRIPMAP - HIMAGE 40 Km X 40 Km Resolution 3 m

STRIPMAP – PING PONG 30 Km X 30 Km Resolution 15 m

SCANSAR WIDE 100 Km X 100 Km Resolution 30 m

SCANSAR HUGE 200 Km X 200 Km Resolution 100 m

WIDE FIELD NARROW FIELD

Sunday 1 February 15 MULTI-MODE IMAGING CAPABILITY SPOTLIGHT 10 Km X 10 Km Resolution 1 m

75 Narrow Field STRIPMAP - HIMAGE 40 Km X 40 Km + Resolution 3 m 375 Wide Field STRIPMAP – PING PONG Images per day 30 Km X 30 Km per satellite Resolution 15 m

SCANSAR WIDE 100 Km X 100 Km 1800 images Resolution 30 m per day (end-to-end SCANSAR HUGE system) 200 Km X 200 Km Resolution 100 m

WIDE FIELD NARROW FIELD

Sunday 1 February 15 Earth Observaon… next 50 years

Sunday 1 February 15 Hyperspectral EO Activities

ASI is promoting R&D projects on Space-based Imaging Spectrometry in a continuum of spectral bands ranging from 400 to 2500 nm, combined with medium resolution Panchromatic Camera. Main applications are:

• Mapping of land cover and agricultural landscapes • Pollution monitoring • Quality of inland waters HYPSEO (2000-02) • Coastal zones and sea •Critical technologies developments • Soil moisture •System architecture & preliminary design • Carbon cycle monitoring •User needs JHM (2006-07) •Cooperation with Canada

•System architecture & preliminary design

•User Needs - consolidation

PRISMA (2008-17) •Precursor deployment and exploitation

•System design and development

SHALOM (2012-20) •Cooperation with Israel

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015•Operative Mission

Sunday 1 February 15 PRISMA Mission

Orbit: SSO, 620km, 10:30 LTDN 5 years lifetime 7 days revisit

Data Downlink: Matera ASI Center - Mission control: Fucino

Hyperspectral P/L 30m GSD 30km swath Launch Segment 237 bands (VNIR+SWIR) VEGA (baseline) 10nm spectral sampling compatible with 4 Space Segment launchers 1 Single Satellite Mass 700kg, Power 1000W

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Sunday 1 February 15 SHALOM Project

Spaceborne Hyperspectral Applicative Land And Ocean Mission Joint Israeli-Italian iniave •Implementaon Arrangement on Cooperaon in a Joint Definion Phase of a Spaceborne Hyperspectral Applicave Land And Ocean Mission - “SHALOM” – (Signed by ASI and ISA - 22/07/2010) •Phase A successfully performed by: –Integrated Project Team (IPT) with ISA and ASI representaves –Joint Industrial Team (JIT) from major Israeli and Italian Industries •Based on Italy and Israel space technology excellence: –Italy’s hyperspectral payload (PRISMA heritage) –Israel’s plaorm and opcs (OPTSAT heritage) –Italian and Israeli ground segment

Sunday 1 February 15 COSMO-SkyMed Second Generaon (CSG) Enhancements/Improvements Robust and innovave planning Satellite agility: algorithm Right2Le 6 -> 3 min

Spaal resoluon & Geolocaon Up to 2 mes beer than COSMO-SkyMed Full polarimetric capability (QUAD-pol) for specific DUAL-pol currently available in Ping- acquision mode. Pong on COSMO-SkyMed.

Sunday 1 February 15 COSMO-SkyMed Second Generaon (CSG) Enhancements/Improvements Robust and innovave planning Satellite agility: algorithm Right2Le 6 -> 3 min

Spaal resoluon & Geolocaon Up to 2 mes beer than COSMO-SkyMed Full polarimetric capability (QUAD-pol) for specific DUAL-pol currently available in Ping- acquision mode. Pong on COSMO-SkyMed.

Sunday 1 February 15 Copernicus: Objecves

Objectives

Sunday 1 February 15 Copernicus Sennels

Sunday 1 February 15 Copernicus Sennels

Sunday 1 February 15 ….with a long-term operaonal perspecve

Access to Contribung Missions S-1 A/B/C/D

S-1 A/B 2nd Generaon

S-2 A/B/C/D S-2 A/B 2nd Generaon

S-3 A/B/C/D S-3 A/B 2nd Generaon

S-4 A/B (on MTG)

S-5 Precursor S-5 A/B/C (on MetOp-SG)

S-6 A/B

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Sunday 1 February 15 BISTATIC SAR for Tomography

Applications 60 50 Forested areas 40 Ice 30 Tropical Forest 20

height [m] 10 0 -10 200 600 1000 1400 1800 2200 slant range [m] 0.5 Snow 0 -0.5 z [m] -1 -1.5

-2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 y [m] Man-made structures

Urban scenarios

Sunday 1 February 15 Geosynchrnous SAR: connuous observaons of land deformaons and atmosphere "Payload of opportunity on a COMSAT ~ 200 kg, 6 m furlable antenna "Wide beam coarse resoluon, L-band / Spot beam X band "Quick look images each 20’, full resoluon each 8 hours

Water-vapor movie on land for weather prediction (and GNSS) Not otherwise achievable

Sunday 1 February 15 ARGOS: a geosynchrnous swarm of Sar

6 Mini-satellites < 300 kg 1 Ariane 5 ES LEO launch + transfer into GEO orbit by electric propulsion

6 satellites = 36 × SNR 6×(6+1) /2 = 21 phase centers & 21× shorter revisit X-band compact SAR (CSK-SG heritage)

One 2000 × 2000 km SAR image @ 3 ×3 m resolution each 30 minutes

+ Swarm reconfigration on the fly for coverage / resolution + Graceful degradation for single satellite failure ' Optimal for emergency and security

Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 DEPLOYMENT OF ORBITAL SATELLITE GROUPINGS FOR SUPPORTING COMMUNICATIONS, TV BROADCASTING, NAVIGATION, ERS, HYDROMETEOROLOGY, BASIC SPACE RESEARCH, DEFENSE, THUS SATISFYING THE NATIONAL SECURITY, SOCIAL-ECONOMIC AND SCIENCE SECTORS REQUIREMENTS AS A RESULT OF THE SPACE ACTIVITY IMPLEMENTED AT THE TARGET LEVEL

EXPLORATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM, PLANET AND CELESTIAL BODIES FOCUSED ON OBTAINING PROFUND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SOURROUNDING WORLD.

Sunday 1 February 15 DEPLOYMENT OF ORBITAL SATELLITE GROUPINGS FOR SUPPORTING COMMUNICATIONS, TV BROADCASTING, NAVIGATION, ERS, HYDROMETEOROLOGY, BASIC SPACE RESEARCH, DEFENSE, THUS SATISFYING THE NATIONAL SECURITY, SOCIAL-ECONOMIC AND SCIENCE SECTORS REQUIREMENTS AS A RESULT OF THE SPACE ACTIVITY IMPLEMENTED AT THE TARGET LEVEL

EXPLORATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM, PLANET AND CELESTIAL BODIES FOCUSED ON OBTAINING PROFUND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SOURROUNDING WORLD.

Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Next possible Future

oNuclear and electric propulsion to travel into our Solar System: explore and exploit oNew technologies needed but basically same engineering, same ming, always possible to be linked to the mother world and relay on this. oNeed of a beer Knowledge of human behaviour in space

10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015 Sunday 1 February 15 Far Into The Future

To reach other worlds around other stars • Need to change the paradigm • New propulsion technology to travel near sped of light • New engineering: one for all quality, reliability and maintainability must take into account eon long travel • Different Earth and on board me • One way only travel for the first generaon of astronauts • No way to relay on earth support • Need to use and renew available on board resources 10th Ilan Ramon Conference 2015

Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15 Sunday 1 February 15