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1 Betriebssysteme Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Knopper (C) 2019 <[email protected]> Live GNU/Linux System Schwarz: Transparent,KNOPPIX CD−Hintergrundfarbe (silber) bei Zweifarbdruck, sonst schwarz. Vorlesung an der DHBW Karlsruhe im Sommersemester 2019 Organisatorisches + Vorlesung mit Ubungen¨ Betriebssysteme WWI17B2 jeweils Montags (einzelne Termine) in A369 + http://knopper.net/bs/ (spater¨ moodle) Folie 1 Kursziel µ Grundsatzlichen¨ Aufbau von Betriebssystemen in Theorie und Praxis kennen und verstehen, µ grundlegende Konzepte von Multitasking, Multiuser-Betrieb und Hardware-Unterstutzung¨ / Resource-Sharing erklaren¨ konnen,¨ µ Sicherheitsfragen und Risiken des Ubiquitous und Mobile Computing auf Betriebssystemebene analysieren, µ mit heterogenen Betriebssystemumgebungen und Virtua- lisierung arbeiten, Kompatibilitatsprobleme¨ erkennen und losen.¨ Folie 2 0 Themen (Top-Down) + Ubersicht¨ Betriebssysteme und Anwendungen, Unterschiede in Aufbau und Einsatz, Lizenzen, Distributionen, + GNU/Linux als OSS-Lernsystem fur¨ die Vorlesung, Tracing und Analyse des Bootvorgangs, + User Interface(s), + Dateisystem: VFS, reale Implementierungen, + Multitasking: Scheduler, Interrupts, Speicherverwaltung (VM), Prozessverwaltung (Timesharing), + Multiuser: Benutzerverwaltung, Rechtesystem, + Hardware-Unterstutzung:¨ Kernel und Module vs. Treiber“ - Kon- ” zept, + Kompatibilitat,¨ API-Emulation, Virtualisierung, Softwareentwick- lung. + Sicherheits-Aspekte von Betriebssystemen, Schadsoftware“ und ” forensische Analyse bei Kompromittierung oder Datenverlust. -
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3 -
Betriebssysteme
Betriebssysteme Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Knopper (C) 2019 <[email protected]> Live GNU/Linux System Schwarz: Transparent,KNOPPIX CD−Hintergrundfarbe (silber) bei Zweifarbdruck, sonst schwarz. Vorlesung an der DHBW Karlsruhe im Sommersemester 2019 •First •Prev •Next •Last •Full Screen •Quit Organisatorisches + Vorlesung mit Ubungen¨ Betriebssysteme WWI17B2 jeweils Montags (einzelne Termine) in A369 + http://knopper.net/bs/ (spater¨ moodle) •First •Prev •Next •Last Folie 1 •Full Screen •Quit Kursziel µ Grundsatzlichen¨ Aufbau von Betriebssystemen in Theorie und Praxis kennen und verstehen, µ grundlegende Konzepte von Multitasking, Multiuser-Betrieb und Hardware-Unterstutzung¨ / Resource-Sharing erklaren¨ konnen,¨ µ Sicherheitsfragen und Risiken des Ubiquitous und Mobile Computing auf Betriebssystemebene analysieren, µ mit heterogenen Betriebssystemumgebungen und Virtua- lisierung arbeiten, Kompatibilitatsprobleme¨ erkennen und losen.¨ •First •Prev •Next •Last Folie 2 •Full Screen •Quit Themen (Top-Down) + Ubersicht¨ Betriebssysteme und Anwendungen, Unterschiede in Aufbau und Einsatz, Lizenzen, Distributionen, + GNU/Linux als OSS-Lernsystem fur¨ die Vorlesung, Tracing und Analyse des Bootvorgangs, + User Interface(s), + Dateisystem: VFS, reale Implementierungen, + Multitasking: Scheduler, Interrupts, Speicherverwaltung (VM), Prozessverwaltung (Timesharing), + Multiuser: Benutzerverwaltung, Rechtesystem, + Hardware-Unterstutzung:¨ Kernel und Module vs. Treiber“ - Kon- ” zept, + Kompatibilitat,¨ API-Emulation, Virtualisierung, Softwareentwick- -
The Evolution of File Systems
The Evolution of File Systems Thomas Rivera, Hitachi Data Systems Craig Harmer, April 2011 SNIA Legal Notice The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted by the SNIA. Member companies and individuals may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions: Any slide or slides used must be reproduced without modification The SNIA must be acknowledged as source of any material used in the body of any document containing material from these presentations. This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee. Neither the Author nor the Presenter is an attorney and nothing in this presentation is intended to be nor should be construed as legal advice or opinion. If you need legal advice or legal opinion please contact an attorney. The information presented herein represents the Author's personal opinion and current understanding of the issues involved. The Author, the Presenter, and the SNIA do not assume any responsibility or liability for damages arising out of any reliance on or use of this information. NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. The Evolution of File Systems 2 © 2012 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 2 Abstract The File Systems Evolution Over time additional file systems appeared focusing on specialized requirements such as: data sharing, remote file access, distributed file access, parallel files access, HPC, archiving, security, etc. Due to the dramatic growth of unstructured data, files as the basic units for data containers are morphing into file objects, providing more semantics and feature- rich capabilities for content processing This presentation will: Categorize and explain the basic principles of currently available file system architectures (e.g. -
Linux Kernel Series
Linux Kernel Series By Devyn Collier Johnson More Linux Related Stuff on: http://www.linux.org Linux Kernel – The Series by Devyn Collier Johnson (DevynCJohnson) [email protected] Introduction In 1991, a Finnish student named Linus Benedict Torvalds made the kernel of a now popular operating system. He released Linux version 0.01 on September 1991, and on February 1992, he licensed the kernel under the GPL license. The GNU General Public License (GPL) allows people to use, own, modify, and distribute the source code legally and free of charge. This permits the kernel to become very popular because anyone may download it for free. Now that anyone can make their own kernel, it may be helpful to know how to obtain, edit, configure, compile, and install the Linux kernel. A kernel is the core of an operating system. The operating system is all of the programs that manages the hardware and allows users to run applications on a computer. The kernel controls the hardware and applications. Applications do not communicate with the hardware directly, instead they go to the kernel. In summary, software runs on the kernel and the kernel operates the hardware. Without a kernel, a computer is a useless object. There are many reasons for a user to want to make their own kernel. Many users may want to make a kernel that only contains the code needed to run on their system. For instance, my kernel contains drivers for FireWire devices, but my computer lacks these ports. When the system boots up, time and RAM space is wasted on drivers for devices that my system does not have installed. -
Generating Computer Forensic Supertimelines Under Linux
Generating computer forensic super- timelines under Linux A comprehensive guide for Windows-based disk images R. Carbone Certified Hacking Forensic Investigator (EC-Council) DRDC Valcartier C. Bean Certified Hacking Forensic Investigator (EC Council) Defence R&D Canada – Valcartier Technical Memorandum DRDC Valcartier TM 2011-216 October 2011 Generating computer forensic super- timelines under Linux A comprehensive guide for Windows-based disk images R. Carbone Certified Hacking Forensic Investigator (EC Council) DRDC Valcartier C. Bean Certified Hacking Forensic Investigator (EC Council) Defence R&D Canada – Valcartier Technical Memorandum DRDC Valcartier TM 2011-216 October 2011 Principal Author Richard Carbone Programmer/Analyst Approved by Guy Turcotte Head/System of Systems Approved for release by Christian Carrier Chief Scientist © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2011 © Sa Majesté la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2011 Abstract …….. This technical memorandum examines the basics surrounding computer forensic filesystem timelines and provides an enhanced approach to generating superior timelines for improved filesystem analysis and contextual awareness. Timelines are improved by polling multiple sources of information across the filesystem resulting in an approach that is surprisingly flexible and customizable. The timeline is further enhanced by incorporating key time-based metadata found across a disk image which, when taken as a whole, increases the forensic investigator’s understanding. Résumé …..... Ce mémorandum technique examine les bases entourant la création d’un calendrier des événements inforensiques des systèmes de fichier et fournit une approche améliorée pour générer des calendriers supérieurs pour une analyse améliorée des systèmes de fichiers et un meilleur éveil contextuel. -
Disc Filing System User Guide 1983
BBC Microcomputer Disc Filing System User Guide Addendum 1 This addendum details the differences between the Acorn 1770 Disc Filing System (DFS) and DFS 1.20 as described in the Disc Filing System User Guide Issue 2. General The Acorn 1770 DFS (DFS 2.10) is designed to be compatible with the Acorn DFS version 1.20 (and earlier versions). DES 2.10 works with a 1770 disc controller whereas DES 1.20 operates with an 8271 disc controller-. Programs/ROMs which directly access an 8271 disc controller will not work with a DFS 2.10 disc system. Most discs that work with DFS 1.20 will work with DES 2.10, obvious exceptions being protected discs which employ direct access of the 8271 disc controller. DFS 2.10 uses the same commands as DFS 1.20, but some commands have been slightly modifed, as detailed below. There is no utilities disc with DFS 2.10 -- the FORM <40/80> and VERIFY utilities which are disc-based with DFS 1.20 are filing system commands with DFS 2.10; references to a utilities disc which occur within the user guide should be ignored. DFS 2.10 contains several new commands which are not present in DFS 1.20 - see below. Throughout this text references to ROM (read only memory) should be understood to include any non--volatile memory device with ROM compatible connections and access time, such as a 2764, 27128 or 27256 EPROM with 250ns access time. DFS 2.10—only commands CLOSE Purpose Closes all sequential files. All disc file data held in RAM output buffers will be copied to the disc. -
The Linux Kernel: Configuring the Kernel Part 16
The Linux Kernel: Configuring the Kernel Part 16 In this article, we will discuss the input/output ports. First, the "i8042 PC Keyboard controller" driver is needed for PS/2 mice and AT keyboards. Before USB, mice and keyboards used PS/2 ports which are circular ports. The AT keyboard is an 84key IBM keyboard that uses the AT port. The AT port has five pins while the PS/2 port has six pins. Input devices that use the COM port (sometime called RS232 serial port) will need this diver (Serial port line discipline). The COM port is a serial port meaning that one bit at a time is transferred. The TravelMate notebooks need this special driver to use a mouse attached to the QuickPort (ct82c710 Aux port controller). Parallel port adapters for PS/2 mice, AT keyboards, and XT keyboards use this driver (Parallel port keyboard adapter). The "PS/2 driver library" is for PS/2 mice and AT keyboards. "Raw access to serio ports" can be enabled to allow device files to be used as character devices. Next, there is a driver for the "Altera UP PS/2 controller". The PS/2 multiplexer also needs a driver (TQC PS/2 multiplexer). The ARC FPGA platform needs special driver for PS/2 controllers (ARC PS/2 support). NOTE: I want to make it clear that the PS/2 controllers that are discussed in this article are not Sony's game controllers for their PlayStation. This article is discussing the 6pin mouse/keyboard ports. The controller is the card that holds the PS/2 ports. -
28. Óra Formázás, Fontosabb Fájlrendszerek
2017.03.30 Összeállította: Szeli Márk 28. óra Formázás, fontosabb fájlrendszerek Formázás: A lemezformattálás (angolul disk formatting) vagy csak egyszerűen formattálás a számítástechnikában az az eljárás, ami a mágneses adattároló eszközt (merevlemezt, hajlékonylemezt) előkészíti a használatra. Amíg egy merevlemez partíció vagy egy hajlékonylemez nincs formattálva, addig nem alkalmas fájlok tárolására. Szintjei: Kétféle formázás létezik: Az alacsony szintű formattálás (low-level formatting) létrehozza a lemezeken a szektorokat, tehát kialakítja a winchester lemezeinek felszínén, hogy a szektorok hol kezdődjenek, és hol végződjenek – ez határozza meg, hogy a lemezeken hol lesznek majd tárolhatóak adatok. Ez a folyamat több órányi időt igénybe vehet, és következményeképpen a lemezen tárolt adatok – már amennyiben léteznek – megsemmisülnek. Az alacsony szintű formattálás nem csak egy partícióra, hanem a merevlemez teljes tárolásra alkalmas területére vonatkozik. Az alacsony szintű formattálást a winchester gyártók végzik, ugyanis nem megfelelő végrehajtása könnyen tönkretehetné a teljes merevlemezt. Az alacsony szintű formattálás után a merevlemez még nem alkalmas adatok (fájlok) tárolására; ehhez még magas szintű formattálás is szükséges. A magas szintű formattálás (high-level formatting) vagy logikai formattálás (logical formatting) az a folyamat, melynek során az operációs rendszer felkészít egy partíciót egy bizonyos fájlrendszer használatára. A logikai formattálás a partíción létrehozza a boot szektort, a fájlszervezési táblát (például -
Archimedes Operating System
Archimedes Operating System A Dabhand Guide Alex and Nic van Someren DABS PRESS For Alice and Carol Archimedes Operating System: A Dabhand Guide © Alex and Nic van Someren ISBN 1-870336-48-8 First edition, third impression June 1991 Editor: Bruce Smith Proofreading: Syd Day Typesetting: Bruce Smith Cover: Clare Atherton All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are hereby acknowledged. Within this Reference Guide the term BBC refers to the British Broadcasting Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this book (except brief passages quoted for critical purposes) or any of the computer programs to which it relates may be reproduced or translated in any form, by any means mechanical electronic or otherwise without the prior written consent of the copyright holder. Disclaimer: Because neither Dabs Press nor the authors have any control over the way in which the contents of this book are used, no warranty is given or should be implied as to the suitability of the advice or programs for any given application. No liability can be accepted for any consequential loss or damage, however caused, arising as a result of using the programs or advice printed in this book. Published by Dabs Press, PO Box 48, Prestwich, Manchester M25 7HN. Tel. 061-773 8632 Fax. 061-773 8290 Typeset in 10 on llpt Palatino by Dabs Press using the Acornsoft VIEW wordprocessor, MacAuthor, Apple Macintosh SE and LaserWriter II NT. Printed and bound in the UK by BPCC Wheaton, Exeter, Devon EX2 8RP 2 Contents Introduction 13 Listing and Appendicies 13 What this Book is Not -
A Hierarchical Disc Filing System for the BBC Microcomputer
HDFS A Hierarchical Disc Filing System for the BBC Microcomputer Angus Duggan c AJCD 31 October 1991 CONTENTS 1 Contents 1 Introduction 5 2 Differences between DNFS and HDFS 5 3 Disc organisation 6 3.1 Files ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 3.2 Directories ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 3.3 Permissions ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 3.4 Auto-booting :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 4 Disc management 7 4.1 Formatting and verifying :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 4.2 Loading and saving ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 4.3 Copying and renaming ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 4.4 File handling :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 4.5 Compacting and extending ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 5 Command syntax 10 6 Filing system commands 12 6.1 *ACCESS afsp (LXWR) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 12 6.2 *ATTRIB fsp (load exec) (len) (LXWR) ::::::::::::::::: 12 6.3 *BUILD fsp (A) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 12 6.4 *COMPACT (dsp) (D) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 6.5 *COPY <fsp fsp/afsp dsp> (C) :::::::::::::::::::::: 13 6.6 *CREATE fsp (load exec) (len) (LXWR) (D) :::::::::::::: 13 6.7 *DEDIT (drv) start (+)end ((+)offs) (R) ::::::::::::::: 13 6.8 *DELETE fsp ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 g :::::::::::::: 6.9 *DFIND (drv) start (+)end <string/fhex > 14 6.10 *DIR (dsp) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 6.11 *DRIVE drv (S/D/A) (C) :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 6.12 *DUMP fsp :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 6.13 *ENABLE ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 6.14 *EXTEND fsp ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15 6.15 *FEDIT -
Lecture Notes on Operating Systems 2 Jelena Mamčenko Operating Systems 23.3 Erasing Files
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Jelena Mamčenko Lecture Notes On OPERATING SYSTEMS Code FMITB01001 Course title Operating Systems Course volume 4,0 cr. (6,00 ECTS cr.) Teaching methods (Full-time, daytime studies): Lectures - 32 h per semestre Laboratory works - 32 h per semestre Individual work - 96 h per semestre Assesment - Examination Course aim: Understandig of Operating System's functions. Course description: Concept of operating system. Control the activities and resourses of computer. Interpreting comands. Coordinating activities. Operating systems MS-DOS, OS/2, UNIX. Networking. Jelena Mamčenko Operating Systems CONTENT 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5 2 History of Operating Systems ................................................................................................................ 6 3 A history of personal computers ............................................................................................................ 8 4 Configuration........................................................................................................................................ 10 5 Display.................................................................................................................................................. 11 6 Motherboard ......................................................................................................................................... 11