Acorn ISO 9660 CD-ROM Formatter User Guide
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1 Betriebssysteme Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Knopper (C) 2019 <[email protected]> Live GNU/Linux System Schwarz: Transparent,KNOPPIX CD−Hintergrundfarbe (silber) bei Zweifarbdruck, sonst schwarz. Vorlesung an der DHBW Karlsruhe im Sommersemester 2019 Organisatorisches + Vorlesung mit Ubungen¨ Betriebssysteme WWI17B2 jeweils Montags (einzelne Termine) in A369 + http://knopper.net/bs/ (spater¨ moodle) Folie 1 Kursziel µ Grundsatzlichen¨ Aufbau von Betriebssystemen in Theorie und Praxis kennen und verstehen, µ grundlegende Konzepte von Multitasking, Multiuser-Betrieb und Hardware-Unterstutzung¨ / Resource-Sharing erklaren¨ konnen,¨ µ Sicherheitsfragen und Risiken des Ubiquitous und Mobile Computing auf Betriebssystemebene analysieren, µ mit heterogenen Betriebssystemumgebungen und Virtua- lisierung arbeiten, Kompatibilitatsprobleme¨ erkennen und losen.¨ Folie 2 0 Themen (Top-Down) + Ubersicht¨ Betriebssysteme und Anwendungen, Unterschiede in Aufbau und Einsatz, Lizenzen, Distributionen, + GNU/Linux als OSS-Lernsystem fur¨ die Vorlesung, Tracing und Analyse des Bootvorgangs, + User Interface(s), + Dateisystem: VFS, reale Implementierungen, + Multitasking: Scheduler, Interrupts, Speicherverwaltung (VM), Prozessverwaltung (Timesharing), + Multiuser: Benutzerverwaltung, Rechtesystem, + Hardware-Unterstutzung:¨ Kernel und Module vs. Treiber“ - Kon- ” zept, + Kompatibilitat,¨ API-Emulation, Virtualisierung, Softwareentwick- lung. + Sicherheits-Aspekte von Betriebssystemen, Schadsoftware“ und ” forensische Analyse bei Kompromittierung oder Datenverlust. -
A Large-Scale Study of File-System Contents
A Large-Scale Study of File-System Contents John R. Douceur and William J. Bolosky Microsoft Research Redmond, WA 98052 {johndo, bolosky}@microsoft.com ABSTRACT sizes are fairly consistent across file systems, but file lifetimes and file-name extensions vary with the job function of the user. We We collect and analyze a snapshot of data from 10,568 file also found that file-name extension is a good predictor of file size systems of 4801 Windows personal computers in a commercial but a poor predictor of file age or lifetime, that most large files are environment. The file systems contain 140 million files totaling composed of records sized in powers of two, and that file systems 10.5 TB of data. We develop analytical approximations for are only half full on average. distributions of file size, file age, file functional lifetime, directory File-system designers require usage data to test hypotheses [8, size, and directory depth, and we compare them to previously 10], to drive simulations [6, 15, 17, 29], to validate benchmarks derived distributions. We find that file and directory sizes are [33], and to stimulate insights that inspire new features [22]. File- fairly consistent across file systems, but file lifetimes vary widely system access requirements have been quantified by a number of and are significantly affected by the job function of the user. empirical studies of dynamic trace data [e.g. 1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, 23, Larger files tend to be composed of blocks sized in powers of two, 24, 26]. However, the details of applications’ and users’ storage which noticeably affects their size distribution. -
Latency-Aware, Inline Data Deduplication for Primary Storage
iDedup: Latency-aware, inline data deduplication for primary storage Kiran Srinivasan, Tim Bisson, Garth Goodson, Kaladhar Voruganti NetApp, Inc. fskiran, tbisson, goodson, [email protected] Abstract systems exist that deduplicate inline with client requests for latency sensitive primary workloads. All prior dedu- Deduplication technologies are increasingly being de- plication work focuses on either: i) throughput sensitive ployed to reduce cost and increase space-efficiency in archival and backup systems [8, 9, 15, 21, 26, 39, 41]; corporate data centers. However, prior research has not or ii) latency sensitive primary systems that deduplicate applied deduplication techniques inline to the request data offline during idle time [1, 11, 16]; or iii) file sys- path for latency sensitive, primary workloads. This is tems with inline deduplication, but agnostic to perfor- primarily due to the extra latency these techniques intro- mance [3, 36]. This paper introduces two novel insights duce. Inherently, deduplicating data on disk causes frag- that enable latency-aware, inline, primary deduplication. mentation that increases seeks for subsequent sequential Many primary storage workloads (e.g., email, user di- reads of the same data, thus, increasing latency. In addi- rectories, databases) are currently unable to leverage the tion, deduplicating data requires extra disk IOs to access benefits of deduplication, due to the associated latency on-disk deduplication metadata. In this paper, we pro- costs. Since offline deduplication systems impact la- -
On the Performance Variation in Modern Storage Stacks
On the Performance Variation in Modern Storage Stacks Zhen Cao1, Vasily Tarasov2, Hari Prasath Raman1, Dean Hildebrand2, and Erez Zadok1 1Stony Brook University and 2IBM Research—Almaden Appears in the proceedings of the 15th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST’17) Abstract tions on different machines have to compete for heavily shared resources, such as network switches [9]. Ensuring stable performance for storage stacks is im- In this paper we focus on characterizing and analyz- portant, especially with the growth in popularity of ing performance variations arising from benchmarking hosted services where customers expect QoS guaran- a typical modern storage stack that consists of a file tees. The same requirement arises from benchmarking system, a block layer, and storage hardware. Storage settings as well. One would expect that repeated, care- stacks have been proven to be a critical contributor to fully controlled experiments might yield nearly identi- performance variation [18, 33, 40]. Furthermore, among cal performance results—but we found otherwise. We all system components, the storage stack is the corner- therefore undertook a study to characterize the amount stone of data-intensive applications, which become in- of variability in benchmarking modern storage stacks. In creasingly more important in the big data era [8, 21]. this paper we report on the techniques used and the re- Although our main focus here is reporting and analyz- sults of this study. We conducted many experiments us- ing the variations in benchmarking processes, we believe ing several popular workloads, file systems, and storage that our observations pave the way for understanding sta- devices—and varied many parameters across the entire bility issues in production systems. -
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3 -
CD ROM Drives and Their Handling Under RISC OS Explained
28th April 1995 Support Group Application Note Number: 273 Issue: 0.4 **DRAFT** Author: DW CD ROM Drives and their Handling under RISC OS Explained This Application Note details the interfacing of, and protocols underlying, CD ROM drives and their handling under RISC OS. Applicable Related Hardware : Application All Acorn computers running Notes: 266: Developing CD ROM RISC OS 3.1 or greater products for Acorn machines 269: File transfer between Acorn and foreign platforms Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this leaflet is true and correct at the time of printing. However, the products described in this leaflet are subject to continuous development and Support Group improvements and Acorn Computers Limited reserves the right to change its specifications at any time. Acorn Computers Limited Acorn Computers Limited cannot accept liability for any loss or damage arising from the use of any information or particulars in this leaflet. Acorn, the Acorn Logo, Acorn Risc PC, ECONET, AUN, Pocket Acorn House Book and ARCHIMEDES are trademarks of Acorn Computers Limited. Vision Park ARM is a trademark of Advance RISC Machines Limited. Histon, Cambridge All other trademarks acknowledged. ©1995 Acorn Computers Limited. All rights reserved. CB4 4AE Support Group Application Note No. 273, Issue 0.4 **DRAFT** 28th April 1995 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Interfacing CD ROM Drives 3 Features of CD ROM Drives 4 CD ROM Formatting Standards ("Coloured Books") 5 CD ROM Data Storage Standards 7 CDFS and CD ROM Drivers 8 Accessing Data on CD ROMs Produced for Non-Acorn Platforms 11 Troubleshooting 12 Appendix A: Useful Contacts 13 Appendix B: PhotoCD Mastering Bureaux 14 Appendix C: References 14 Support Group Application Note No. -
Betriebssysteme
Betriebssysteme Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Knopper (C) 2019 <[email protected]> Live GNU/Linux System Schwarz: Transparent,KNOPPIX CD−Hintergrundfarbe (silber) bei Zweifarbdruck, sonst schwarz. Vorlesung an der DHBW Karlsruhe im Sommersemester 2019 •First •Prev •Next •Last •Full Screen •Quit Organisatorisches + Vorlesung mit Ubungen¨ Betriebssysteme WWI17B2 jeweils Montags (einzelne Termine) in A369 + http://knopper.net/bs/ (spater¨ moodle) •First •Prev •Next •Last Folie 1 •Full Screen •Quit Kursziel µ Grundsatzlichen¨ Aufbau von Betriebssystemen in Theorie und Praxis kennen und verstehen, µ grundlegende Konzepte von Multitasking, Multiuser-Betrieb und Hardware-Unterstutzung¨ / Resource-Sharing erklaren¨ konnen,¨ µ Sicherheitsfragen und Risiken des Ubiquitous und Mobile Computing auf Betriebssystemebene analysieren, µ mit heterogenen Betriebssystemumgebungen und Virtua- lisierung arbeiten, Kompatibilitatsprobleme¨ erkennen und losen.¨ •First •Prev •Next •Last Folie 2 •Full Screen •Quit Themen (Top-Down) + Ubersicht¨ Betriebssysteme und Anwendungen, Unterschiede in Aufbau und Einsatz, Lizenzen, Distributionen, + GNU/Linux als OSS-Lernsystem fur¨ die Vorlesung, Tracing und Analyse des Bootvorgangs, + User Interface(s), + Dateisystem: VFS, reale Implementierungen, + Multitasking: Scheduler, Interrupts, Speicherverwaltung (VM), Prozessverwaltung (Timesharing), + Multiuser: Benutzerverwaltung, Rechtesystem, + Hardware-Unterstutzung:¨ Kernel und Module vs. Treiber“ - Kon- ” zept, + Kompatibilitat,¨ API-Emulation, Virtualisierung, Softwareentwick- -
Porting FUSE to L4re
Großer Beleg Porting FUSE to L4Re Florian Pester 23. Mai 2013 Technische Universit¨at Dresden Fakult¨at Informatik Institut fur¨ Systemarchitektur Professur Betriebssysteme Betreuender Hochschullehrer: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Hermann H¨artig Betreuender Mitarbeiter: Dipl.-Inf. Carsten Weinhold Erkl¨arung Hiermit erkl¨are ich, dass ich diese Arbeit selbstst¨andig erstellt und keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis is a work of my own, and that only cited sources have been used. Dresden, den 23. Mai 2013 Florian Pester Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. State of the Art 3 2.1. FUSE on Linux . .3 2.1.1. FUSE Internal Communication . .4 2.2. The L4Re Virtual File System . .5 2.3. Libfs . .5 2.4. Communication and Access Control in L4Re . .6 2.5. Related Work . .6 2.5.1. FUSE . .7 2.5.2. Pass-to-Userspace Framework Filesystem . .7 3. Design 9 3.1. FUSE Server parts . 11 4. Implementation 13 4.1. Example Request handling . 13 4.2. FUSE Server . 14 4.2.1. LibfsServer . 14 4.2.2. Translator . 14 4.2.3. Requests . 15 4.2.4. RequestProvider . 15 4.2.5. Node Caching . 15 4.3. Changes to the FUSE library . 16 4.4. Libfs . 16 4.5. Block Device Server . 17 4.6. File systems . 17 5. Evaluation 19 6. Conclusion and Further Work 25 A. FUSE operations 27 B. FUSE library changes 35 C. Glossary 37 V List of Figures 2.1. The architecture of FUSE on Linux . .3 2.2. The architecture of libfs . -
Paratrac: a Fine-Grained Profiler for Data-Intensive Workflows
ParaTrac: A Fine-Grained Profiler for Data-Intensive Workflows Nan Dun Kenjiro Taura Akinori Yonezawa Department of Computer Department of Information and Department of Computer Science Communication Engineering Science The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo, 113-5686 Japan Tokyo, 113-5686 Japan Tokyo, 113-5686 Japan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] tokyo.ac.jp tokyo.ac.jp tokyo.ac.jp ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION The realistic characteristics of data-intensive workflows are With the advance of high performance distributed com- critical to optimal workflow orchestration and profiling is puting, users are able to execute various data-intensive an effective approach to investigate the behaviors of such applications by harnessing massive computing resources [1]. complex applications. ParaTrac is a fine-grained profiler Though workflow management systems have been developed for data-intensive workflows by using user-level file system to alleviate the difficulties of planning, scheduling, and exe- and process tracing techniques. First, ParaTrac enables cuting complex workflows in distributed environments [2{5], users to quickly understand the I/O characteristics of from optimal workflow management still remains a challenge entire application to specific processes or files by examining because of the complexity of applications. Therefore, one low-level I/O profiles. Second, ParaTrac automatically of important and practical demands is to understand and exploits fine-grained data-processes interactions in workflow characterize the data-intensive applications to help workflow to help users intuitively and quantitatively investigate management systems (WMS) refine their orchestration for realistic execution of data-intensive workflows. -
Eventtracker: Removable Media Device Monitoring Version 7.X
EventTracker: Removable Media Device Monitoring Version 7.x EventTracker 8815 Centre Park Drive Columbia MD 21045 Publication Date: Dec 21, 2011 www.eventtracker.com EventTracker: Removable Media Device Monitoring Abstract With the introduction of newer portable devices, the security needs of protecting integrity and confidential data has been changed. An increasing need of portable access to the data has also increased the risk of sensitive or confidential data exposure. Therefore, to keep a record of removable media device activities has become one of the most important compliance factor for the enterprise. EventTracker’s advanced removable media monitoring capacity protects and monitors system(s) from illegal access or data theft. EventTracker helps user(s) to disable the unauthorized access to the machine and allow the trusted devices connection. Purpose This document will help you to enable the removable device monitoring and explains the procedure to find the Device ID and USB serial number. It also monitors insertion/removal and files written to and read from removable media such as CD/DVD and USB. Intended Audience Administrators who are assigned the task to monitor and manage events using EventTracker. Scope The configurations detailed in this guide are consistent with EventTracker Enterprise version 7.x. The instructions can be used while working with later releases of EventTracker Enterprise. The information contained in this document represents the current view of Prism Microsystems Inc. on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Prism Microsystems must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Prism Microsystems, and Prism Microsystems cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. -
2 Linux Installation 5
MRtrix Documentation Release 3.0 MRtrix contributors May 05, 2017 Install 1 Before you install 3 2 Linux installation 5 3 macOS installation 11 4 Windows installation 15 5 HPC clusters installation 19 6 Key features 23 7 Commands and scripts 25 8 Beginner DWI tutorial 27 9 Images and other data 29 10 Command-line usage 41 11 Configuration file 47 12 DWI denoising 49 13 DWI distortion correction using dwipreproc 51 14 Response function estimation 55 15 Maximum spherical harmonic degree lmax 61 16 Multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution 63 17 Anatomically-Constrained Tractography (ACT) 65 18 Spherical-deconvolution Informed Filtering of Tractograms (SIFT) 69 19 Structural connectome construction 73 20 Using the connectome visualisation tool 77 i 21 labelconvert: Explanation & demonstration 81 22 Global tractography 85 23 ISMRM tutorial - Structural connectome for Human Connectome Project (HCP) 89 24 Fibre density and cross-section - Single shell DWI 93 25 Fibre density and cross-section - Multi-tissue CSD 103 26 Expressing the effect size relative to controls 111 27 Displaying results with streamlines 113 28 Warping images using warps generated from other packages 115 29 Diffusion gradient scheme handling 117 30 Global intensity normalisation 123 31 Orthonormal Spherical Harmonic basis 125 32 Dixels and Fixels 127 33 Motivation for afdconnectivity 129 34 Batch processing with foreach 131 35 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 135 36 Display issues 141 37 Unusual symbols on terminal 145 38 Compiler error during build 149 39 Hanging or Crashing 151 40 Advanced debugging 155 41 List of MRtrix3 commands 157 42 List of MRtrix3 scripts 307 43 List of MRtrix3 configuration file options 333 44 MRtrix 0.2 equivalent commands 341 ii MRtrix Documentation, Release 3.0 MRtrix provides a large suite of tools for image processing, analysis and visualisation, with a focus on the analysis of white matter using diffusion-weighted MRI Features include the estimation of fibre orientation distributions using constrained spherical deconvolution (Tournier et al. -
Basics of UNIX
Basics of UNIX August 23, 2012 By UNIX, I mean any UNIX-like operating system, including Linux and Mac OS X. On the Mac you can access a UNIX terminal window with the Terminal application (under Applica- tions/Utilities). Most modern scientific computing is done on UNIX-based machines, often by remotely logging in to a UNIX-based server. 1 Connecting to a UNIX machine from {UNIX, Mac, Windows} See the file on bspace on connecting remotely to SCF. In addition, this SCF help page has infor- mation on logging in to remote machines via ssh without having to type your password every time. This can save a lot of time. 2 Getting help from SCF More generally, the department computing FAQs is the place to go for answers to questions about SCF. For questions not answered there, the SCF requests: “please report any problems regarding equipment or system software to the SCF staff by sending mail to ’trouble’ or by reporting the prob- lem directly to room 498/499. For information/questions on the use of application packages (e.g., R, SAS, Matlab), programming languages and libraries send mail to ’consult’. Questions/problems regarding accounts should be sent to ’manager’.” Note that for the purpose of this class, questions about application packages, languages, li- braries, etc. can be directed to me. 1 3 Files and directories 1. Files are stored in directories (aka folders) that are in a (inverted) directory tree, with “/” as the root of the tree 2. Where am I? > pwd 3. What’s in a directory? > ls > ls -a > ls -al 4.