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Créer Une Image ISO D'un CD Centre de coordination pour l'archivage à long terme CECO de documents électroniques Une entreprise commune des Archives suisses Créer une image ISO d’un CD Les CD / CD-ROM de données peuvent être convertis en fichiers appelés image ISO; il s’agit d’une image identique d’un CD ou DVD structurée selon le format ISO 9660. Les CD audio ne peuvent pas être convertis en une image ISO. 1. Image ISO 1 2. Image de CD audio 1 2. Image de CD audio 3. Que faut-il prendre en considération? 1 La reproduction d’un CD audio sous la 4. Conclusion 2 forme d’une image ISO n’est pas possible, car un CD audio ne possède pas de sys- 1. Image ISO tème de fichier ISO-9660; les données au- Une image ISO est une copie identique du dio codées en PCMiii sont directement contenu mémorisé sur CD ou DVD, structu- écrites sur le support de données. rée selon le format ISO 9660i. Egalement Ce qu’on appelle en langage courant "fi- appelée CDFS (Compact Disc File Sys- chiers image" dans le contexte des CD au- tem), ISO 9660 est une norme pour des dio, sont des fichiers spécifiques au logiciel systèmes de fichiers destinés aux supports de gravure qui sont utilisés comme mémo- de données optiques. Les Joliet, Rockridge risation temporaire des données pendant le et HFSii sont des extensions et des inter- processus de gravure. Les plus connus prétations de la norme ISO-9660. sont NERO Burning Image (.nrg), Universal Une image ISO peut être mémorisée sous Image Format (.uif) et Apple Disk Image la forme d’un fichier puis à nouveau copiée (DMG). sur un support de données optique, sa- Le plus ancien de ces formats, BIN/CUE de chant que la structure et tous les attributs CDRWIN, est constitué d’un fichier codé en de fichiers du CD sont conservés. Le nou- PCM (.bin) et d’un fichier texte contenant le veau CD est en pratique une copie iden- fractionnement du fichier BIN en pistes. tique de l’original. Des programmes Au vu du manque de standardisation, au- spécifiques permettent toutefois également cun de ces formats image n’est apte à d’ouvrir un fichier ISO ou de le connecter l’archivage de CD audio. Dans un tel cas, en tant que lecteur de disques virtuel une conversion en fichiers audio est inévi- (mounted) ce qui permet d’accéder indivi- table, voir à ce sujet: duellement aux fichiers qu’il contient. http://www.kost- Un fichier image ISO-9660 peut sans aucun ceco.ch/cms/index.php?service_audio-cd_fr doute être considéré comme un format d’archivage valable. Il existe une normalisa- 3. Que faut-il prendre en considéra- tion ISO impérative ainsi qu’un grand tion? nombre d’outils pour ce format. Un archi- vage sous la forme d’image ISO n’a cepen- a) Créer une image ISO dant de sens que s’il est important de En règle générale, tous les logiciels de gra- conserver la structure originelle entière des vure de CD/DVD, comme ImgBurniv, sont données présentes sur le CD/DVD et/ou s’il capables de créer une image ISO, bien que s’agit de créer de nouveaux supports de cette fonction soit souvent un peu cachée. Il données optiques à partir de l’image archi- existe également des logiciels spécialisés vée. Dans le contexte archivistique, c'est pour accomplir cette tâche, citons par actuellement surtout le cas pour l'archivage exemple IsoBusterv. de CD multimédias qui étaient très répan- dus des années 1990 à 2010 environ. i ISO 9660:1988 https://www.iso.org/fr/standard/17505.html. iii Pulse-Code-Modulation ii Joliet est la version de Microsoft, Rockridge est une variante iv https://www.imgburn.com/ UNIX et HFS est basé sur le Hierarchical File System d’Apple. v https://www.isobuster.com/ P:\KOST\Services\ISO-Image\Créer une image ISO d’un CD_v3.doc Bg/Km/Rc, 18.05.2021 v3 Page 1/2 b) Lire une image ISO 4. Conclusion Windows 10 permet de lire directement les Au vu de ses spécifications publiques et de fichiers image ISO. L'image ISO est montée la normalisation ISO, le format image ISO (mounted) en tant que lecteur virtuel en peut être considéré comme un format double cliquant ou en appuyant sur la d’archivage valable. Cependant son do- commande "Monter". Le contenu du fichier maine d’utilisation est fortement limité: la ISO est ainsi représenté comme un sys- gravure d’un CD/DVD à partir d’une image tème de fichier local et des fichiers prove- de données, n’est en règle générale pas nant du fichier image ISO peuvent une tâche d’archivage et le format image également être copiés dans le système lo- ISO n’est pas utilisable pour représenter cal. Ainsi, des lecteurs de disques CD/DVD des CD audio. Il s'agit en revanche d'un virtuels peuvent être mis à disposition sur format d'archivage utilisable pour des CD et des ordinateurs qui ne comportent pas de DVD multimédias. lecteur de disques optique. Avec des sys- tèmes d'exploitation anciens, les images ISO doivent être montées à l'aide de pro- grammes additionnels, par exemple avec le programme open source 7-Zipvi. Les fichiers image ISO servent cependant en règle générale à la gravure de nouveaux supports optiques; c’est pourquoi la plupart des logiciels de gravure sont capables d'écrire des fichiers ISO directement sur un CD/DVD. Cette possibilité revêt toutefois une importance secondaire dans le con- texte archivistique. vi 7-Zip is open source file archiver with a high compression ratio. http://www.7-zip.org/ P:\KOST\Services\ISO-Image\Créer une image ISO d’un CD_v3.doc Bg/Km/Rc, 18.05.2021 v3 Page 2/2 .
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