THE GENUS AMANITA 3HUV ,1/80%,1,=21( NEPAL
Hari Prasad Aryal * and Usha Budhathoki ** 3DNOLKDZD&DPSXV,QVWLWXWHRI$JULFXOWXUHDQG$QLPDO6FLHQFH%KDLUDKDZD &HQWUDO'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\.LUWLSXU.DWKPDQGX1HSDO
Abstract: 'XULQJWKHVXUYH\RIZLOGHGLEOHPXVKURRPVLQWURSLFDOWRWHPSHUDWHEHOWRI1HSDOGXULQJUDLQ\VHDVRQVLQ DQGPDQ\PDFURIXQJDOVSHFLHVZHUHFROOHFWHGDQGLGHQWL¿HG7KHSDSHUKLJKOLJKWVRQWKH¿YHVSHFLHVRI genus Amanita 3HUVLQFOXGLQJQHZVSHFLHV Amanita volvata 3HFN /OR\G ZLWKWKHLULGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGGRFXPHQWDWLRQ The new species was LGHQWL¿HGDQGWKLVLVEHLQJUHSRUWHGDQGUHGHVFULEHGIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHIURP1HSDO Amanita characterized by stipe with volva or rudiments of volva, annulus present, in some may be absent, clamp connection SUHVHQWRUDEVHQWVSRUHVDP\ORLGRULQDP\ORLG7KHVWXG\DUHDRFFXSLHGVTNPDPRQJWKH VT.PODQG DQGOLHVZLWKLQDQDOWLWXGHEHWZHHQ DQGPDVOLQWURSLFDOGHFLGXRXVULYHULQHIRUHVWWRORZHUWHPSHUDWHPL[HG EURDGOHDYHGIRUHVW7KHGULHGVSHFLPHQVDUHKRXVHGLQWKH7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\&HQWUDO+HUEDULXP 78&+ .LUWLSXU .DWKPDQGX1HSDO7KHDUHDHPEUDFHVPDQ\P\FRSKDJRXVHWKQLFFRPPXQLWLHV7KHP\FRHOHPHQWVSUHYDLOLQJLQWKLV DUHDQHHGVXVWDLQDEOHFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGXWLOL]DWLRQ
Keywords: Tasonomy; %DVLGLRP\FHWHV Amanita volvata; 0DFURIXQJL
INTRODUCTION 7KH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DQG VWXG\ RQ PXVKURRPV RI 1HSDO started since 19 th FHQWXU\ /OR\G %HUNHOH\ 7KH JHQXV Amanita FRQWDLQV RYHU QDPHG VSHFLHV DQG YDULHWLHV $GKLNDUL et al Amanita IURP1HSDOKDVEHHQUHSRUWHGVLQFH th century (Singh, DE VLQFHWKHQVHYHUDOSDSHUVKDYHEHHQSXEOLVKHG 42 species and 2 subspecies of Amanita are reported IURP1HSDO $GKLNDUL et al VLQFHWKHQVHYHUDO ERWDQLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQVKDYHEHHQGRQH$PRQJWKHVH very few reveal the studies and investigation on wild PXVKURRPVIURPZHVWHUQ1HSDO7KLVDUHDKDVQRWEHHQ SUHYLRXVO\ LQYHVWLJDWHG VR IDU This is a preliminary report on KLJKOLJKWRQ SUHVHQWO\¿YHWD[DRIWKHJHQXV Amanita 3HUV ZLWK WKH DGGLWLRQ RI QHZ VSHFLHV IURP /XPELQL]RQHDUHJLRQRIWURSLFDOWRWHPSHUDWHPRQVRRQ FOLPDWH DQG ZHVWVRXWK UHJLRQ RI 1HSDO Amanita volvata 3HFN /OR\G ZDV LGHQWL¿HG DQG WKLV LV EHLQJ UHSRUWHGDQGUHGHVFULEHGIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHIURP1HSDO KDYH QRW UHSRUWHG SUHYLRXVO\ EHHQ UHFRUGHG7KH QHZ Figure 1: Sample Collection sites ¿QGLQJVKDYHSXEOLVKHGKHUH 5VXQJD*XOPL P RI PLGZHVW UHJLRQ RI 1HSDO o o STUDY AREA ,W OLHV EHWZHHQ 1 ODWLWXGH DQG o ( ORQJLWXGH 7KH YHJHWDWLRQ LQ 7KHVWXG\DUHD ¿J OLHVLQ/XPELQL=RQH3DUWLDOSDUWV forest is dominated by members of the Combretaceae, RI 3DNOLKDZD5XSDQGHKL P 7LNNDU.DSLOZDVWX 'LSWHURFDUSDFHDH)DJDFHDHDQG/HJXPLQRVDH7KHDUHD P 5DPQDJDU1DZDOSDUDVL P 7KDGD RFFXSLHVKDODQGEHWZHHQDQGPDVO7KH $UJKDNKDQFKL P 6LPDOGDQGD3DOSD P DQG
Author for Correspondence : +DUL3UDVDG$U\DO3DNOLKDZD&DPSXV,QVWLWXWHRI$JULFXOWXUHDQG$QLPDO6FLHQFH%KDLUDKDZD(PDLO KDKDULSUDVDGDU\DO#JPDLOFRP
113 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 DYHUDJHDQQXDOUDLQIDOOLV PP RESULTS: Phytogeographically the area lies in tropical and 1. Amanita volvata 3HFN /OR\G temperate zones embracing interesting different types Amanita volvata I DYHOODQHRVTXDPRVD 6 ,PDL (- RI IRUHVWV DQG VRLO FRPSRVLWLRQ 7KH WURSLFDO ULYHULQH *LOEHUW LQ %UHVDGROD Iconogr. Mycol. 6XSSO belt composed of Acacia cateachu, Adina cordifolia, Anogeissus latifolius, Bombax ceiba, Dalbergia Local name %HVDUHFK\DX latifolia, Dalbergia sissoo, Eugeina jambolana, Taxonomic position %DVLGLRP\FHWHV $JDULFDOHV Mallotus philippensis, Phoenix sylvestris, Shorea Amanitaceae )LJXUHDQG robusta, Schleihera oleosa, Syzygium cumini, Tectona grandis, Terminalia alata, T. tomentosa and T. belerica HWFZLWKDQLQFUHDVLQJDOWLWXGHRI Castanopsis indica, Ehretia acuminata, Leucosceptrum canum, Lithocarpus elegans, mallotus nepalensis, Quercus lamellosa, Quercus semecarpifolia, Rhododendron arboreum and Schima wallichii. The northern belt of this area has loamy sand, while the southern belt consists of sandy ORDPWRORDP\VRLO
MATERIALS AND METHODS Surveyed was done from 15 th to 31 th 0D\DQGVSHFLPHQV were collected from 1 st -XQH WR st 2FW LQ DQG 0XVKURRP VDPSOHV ZHUH SKRWRJUDSKHG LQ WKHLU natural habitat and their morphological characters were QRWHG6SRUHSULQWVZHUHWDNHQ7KHVDPSOHVZHUHZHOO GULHGDQGSDFNHGLQZD[SDSHUEDJVDQGZUDSSLQJZLWK Figure 1.1: Amanita volvata aluminums foil to prevent from the external infection as well as prevent from the intermixing of the spores, with SURSHU WDJ QXPEHUV 7KH KDELWDW LQFOXGLQJ HFRORJLFDO SDUDPHWHUV YL] DOWLWXGH E\ DOWLPHWHU YHJHWDWLRQ composition, soil type, soil pH (by digital pH meter), soil moisture (by nail pH meter), humidity, temperatures and WLPH E\PHDQVRIWKHUPR+\JURPHWHU ZHUHUHFRUGHG The paper bags were brought to central Department of ERWDQ\ 7ULEKXYDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ IRU IXUWKHU PLFURVFRSLF H[DPLQDWLRQ Some of the collected specimens were also preserved LQDOLTXLGSUHVHUYDWLYH POUHFWL¿HGDOFRKRO IRUPDOLQGLVWLOOHGZDWHU +DZNVZRUWK et. al., The specimens were studied based on the macroscopic, PLFURVFRSLF DQG KDELWDW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ;DQWKRFKRULF reaction (Tulloss, 1994) was determined by placing a Figure 1.2: Spores print VPDOOSLHFHRIPDWHULDOLQ.2+VROXWLRQIROORZHG
WRWKH1+ 32+ ,DQG)H62 6ROXWLRQ &U\VWDO DQGLWV colour compared with the commercial colour chart leaf- OHW)RUPLFURVFRSLFVWXG\WKHVSHFLPHQVZHUHVHFWLRQHG E\ XVLQJ D VKDUS UD]RU EODGH 7KH F\DQRSKLOLW\ ZDV REVHUYHGLQFRWWRQEOXHPRXQWHGLQODFWRSKHQROUHDJHQW 7KHSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHWDNHQZLWKD621<'6&6 Camera, macroscopic and microscopic characters were VWXGLHGXQGHUWKHFRPSRXQGPLFURVFRSH2O\PSXV1R 7RN\R -DSDQ DQGODWLWXGHDQGORQJLWXGHZHUH WDNHQE\PHDQVRI*36FRPSDVV 7KHYRXFKHUVSHFLPHQVZHUHLGHQWL¿HGZLWKWKHKHOSRI UHOHYDQWWD[RQRPLFOLWHUDWXUHYL] 6LQJHU .XPDU et al., DQG:DWNLQVRQ et al PRQRJUDSK *HUULW DQG :HEVLWH -VWRU RUJ ,QGH[ IXQJRUXP WURSLFRVRUJ 0\FREDQNRUJ ELRGLYHUVLW\ OLEUDU\RUJ 7KH YRXFKHU VSHFLPHQV DUH )LJXUH 6SRUHV GLY P GHSRVLWHGLQ78&+1HSDO Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 114 Identifying characters 7KH VSHFLHV LV TXLWH UDUH Absence of annulus and the presence of the large VRPHZKDW FXSVKDSHG SHUVLVWHQW YROYD 7KH SLOHXV LV not smooth as is usually the case in the species with a persistent membranous volva, but it is more or less VFDO\ ZLWK PLQXWH WXIWV RI ¿EULOV RU WRPHQWRVH KDLUV 6RPHWLPHVWKHPDUJLQLVQRWYHU\GLVWLQFWO\VWULDWH7KH FRORXU YDULHV IURP ZKLWH WR EURZQLVK 7KH ODPHOODH which are white in the fresh, in dried specimens assume a dull yellowish-brown colour, except on the edge which UHPDLQVZKLWHDQGLVPRUHRUOHVVÀRFFRVH -XVWL¿FDWLRQ : Another species of A. volvaceus %XOOKDV VLPLODUYROYDEXWLWVVSRUHDQGODPHOODHDUHSLQNLVKRU ÀHVKFRORXUHGDQGLWEHORQJVWKHUHIRUHWRWKHVXEJHQXV Volvaria +HQFHWKLVQHZVSHFLHV A. volvata distinctly Figure 2.1: Amanita caesarea, differed from the A volvaceus Taxonomic description: Pileus: FP FRQYH[ WR ÀDW PDUJLQ ZLWK UDGLDO VWULDWLRQV KDLU\ RU ÀRFFRVHVFDO\ ZKLWH WR FUHDP pale yellow; surface often with numerous patches RI WKLQ YHLO UHPQDQWV Gills : free, broad, crowded; ZKLWH Stipe [FPZKLWH VXUIDFHÀRFFRVH scaly to powdery, also discoloring; slightly tapering XSZDUG EDVH HPHUJLQJ IURP D WKLFN PHPEUDQRXV ÀHVK\ VDFFDWH YROYD SHUVLVWHQW QR ULQJ LV OHIW RQ WKH VWLSHEXOERXVEDVH Flesh: white, discolour when cut, EUXLVHGRUGDPDJHG Odor QRWGLVWLQFWLYH Taste : not Figure 2.2: Spores print GLVWLQFWLYH Spores : elliptic, smooth ornamentation, FHOOZDOOWKLFNFRORXUK\DOLQHDP\ORLGGHSRVLWZKLWH FUHDPRU\HOORZLVKPHDVXUHPHQW [PLQVL]H Spore print ZKLWH Habitat LQRSHQ¿HOGRIWHQVDQG\VRLOVLQPL[HGZRRGV DQG URDGVLGHV 5DUH QRW FRPPRQ )RXQG LQ HDVWHUQ 1RUWK $PHULFD Ecology 0\FRUUKL]DO Season: -XO\ 2FWREHU Edibility 3RLVRQRXV1RWHGLEOH Chemical reaction 7XOORVV5( :
:LWK1+ 3 :negative on all the SDUWV :LWK.2+ \HOORZLVKJUH\RQFDSVXUIDFH
:LWK )H6R 4 solution: 6WLSH RXWHU QHJDWLYH LQQHU %HDFRQ &DS QHJDWLYH*LOOV 5DZ6LON
:LWK )H6R 4 crystal: Stipe outer: negative, inner: %HDFRQ &DS QHJDWLYH*LOOV 6DQGDOZRRG Specimen examined: 1HSDO 5XSDQGHKL 'XGUDFKK\D :1PORQJ ¶1ODW ¶( &ROO1RRQKXPXVULFKOLWHUVRLOLQ6DOIRUHVW $U\DO+31HZWR1HSDO&RPPRQ Distribution 1RUWK$PHULFDDQG1HSDO )LJXUH 6SRUHV GLY P 2. Amanita caesarea 6FRS 3HUV 6\QPHWKIXQJ *RWWLQJHQ 2 PDUJLQ VWULDWH Gills: IUHH FURZGHG \HOORZ Stipe: &DHVDU¶VPXVKURRP (QJ cylindrical, 8-15 x 2-3 cm, narrowing at the top, hollow Local name: Suntale chyau, Salle chyau, Phul chyau, when mature, with yellow falling annulus, slightly 'KDUVK\DPR 7DPDQJ swollen at the base, with large white membranous Taxonomic position %DVLGLRP\FHWHV $JDULFDOHV YROYD Flesh: whitish, \HOORZLVKEHQHDWKFXWLFOH Odor : $PDQLWDFHDH )LJXUHDQG ZLWKRXWHYLGHQW Taste: JRRG Spores: elliptical, oval to Taxonomic description: VSKHULFDORUQDPHQWDWLRQ VPRRWKFHOOZDOOWKLFNFRORXU Pileus: FP KHPLVSKHULFDO WR ÀDW RUDQJH UHG K\DOLQHZKLWHPHDVXUHPHQW [PLQVL]H washing out to yellow, cuticle separable sometimes with Spore print: ZKLWH evident membranous remains of white veil, 115 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 Habitat: 6RLO RQ 4XHUFXV5KRGRGHQGURQ IRUHVW Ecology P\FRUUKL]DO Season -XQH$XJXVW Edibility: (GLEOHH[FHOOHQW8VHGDVYHJHWDEOH Chemical reaction 7XOORVV5( :
:LWK1+ 3 UHGGLVKRQFDSVXUIDFH :LWK.2+ \HOORZLVKJUH\RQFDSVXUIDFH
:LWK)H6R 4 solution : 6WLSH RXWHU QHJDWLYH LQQHU 3DOH &UHDP &DS QHJDWLYH *LOOV ,YRU\
:LWK )H6R 4 crystal: Stipe: outer: negative, inner: $QWLTXH :KLWH &DS QHJDWLYH *LOOV 0DFUDPH Specimen examined: 1HSDO 5XSDQGHKL 'XGUDFKK\D Figure 3.1: A manita chepangiana, :1PORQJ ¶1ODW ¶( &ROO1RRQKXPXVULFKOLWHUVRLOLQ6DOIRUHVW $U\DO +3 1HZ WR DUHD RI FROOHFWLRQ (GLEOH5V.J&RPPRQ Previously reported: 0DQLFKXU $GKLNDUL .DWKPDQGX PDUNHW $GKLNDUL D JURZLQJRQVRLO,QPRLVWVKDG\SODFH in Pinus roxburghii IRUHVW %DMUD\RJLQL P QR ) $GKLNDUL E .DWKPDQGXPDUNHW $GKLNDUL DQG$GKLNDUL JURZLQJRQVRLOLQPRLVWVKDG\ place, in Pinus roxburghii IRUHVW%DMUD\RJLQL P QR $GKLNDUL E 7RNKD P .DNDQL P $GKLNDUL et. al., .DWKPDQGX $VRQ PDUNHW %KDQGDU\ 6LQJK DE 3DQGH\ DQG Figure 3.2: Spores print, %XGKDWKRNL 6ZD\DPEKXDQG&KDXWDUD &RWWHU 1DJDUNRW P DQG 7RNKD P -RVKL DQG-RVKL RQVRLO6XQGDULMDO P DQGLQWKH .DWKPDQGX $VRQ PDUNHW 3DQGH\ 3DQGH\ et al &KULVWHQVHQ et al DQG0XVH /XNOD P 5DQDDQG*LUL Distribution: 1$PHULFD-DSDQ(XURSH$IULFD,QGLD DQG1HSDO 3. Amanita chepangiana Tulloss and Bhandary In Mycotaxon ;//,,, &KHSDQJ VOHQGHU&DHVDU (QJ Local name *REUHPXVD &KH 6DOOHR 0DJDU 6HWR .XNKXUDSKRROH\FK\DX 1HS Taxonomic position %DVLGLRP\FHWHV $JDULFDOHV $PDQLWDFHDH )LJXUHDQG Taxonomic description: Pileus: 13 – 19 cm wide, pure white, sometimes with a slight grayish to brownish or Yellowish tint over the FHQWHU FRQYH[ DW ¿UVW ODWHU XPEUHOOD OLNH Gills : free, ZKLWH LQ FRORU FORVH WR VXE FURZGHG ZKLWH WUXQFDWH Stipe: F\OLQGULFDO¿EULOORVHZKLWH±FP;FP VNLUWOLNHZKLWHDQQXOXVMXVWFPEHORZWKHFDSDWWKH base )LJXUH 6SRUHV GLY P
Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 116 ODUJHPHPEUDQRXVYROYDZKLWHVDFFDWH Flesh ZKLWH Odor QRQH Taste PLOG Spores: oval to subglobose, ornamentation smooth, cell wall thin, colour hyaline, inamyloid, ZKLWHPHDVXUHPHQW ;P LQVL]H Spore print: ZKLWH Habitat /LWWHU GHEULV RQ WKH 'LSWHURFDUSDFHDH DQG )DJDFHDH IRUHVW Ecology: P\FRUUKL]DO Season: -XO\$XJXVW . Edibility: (GLEOH SUHIHUUHG E\ &KHSDQJ H[FHOOHQW8VHGDVYHJHWDEOH Chemical reaction 7XOORVV5( :
:LWK1+ 3 : negative on all the SDUWV :LWK.2+ \HOORZLQJLOOV
:LWK)H6R 4 solution: 6WLSH RXWHUSDOH\HOORZ LQQHU %HDFRQ &DS \HOORZLVK*LOOV $QWLTXHZKLWH 3LOHXV QHJDWLYH Figure 4.2:Spores print,
:LWK )H6R 4 crystal: Stipe outer pale yellow, inner VXJDUFDQH&DS 'DIIRGLO*LOOV 6XHGH13LOHXV QHJDWLYH Specimen examined: 1HSDO5XSDQGHKL3DUURKD9'& PORQJ ¶1ODW ¶(&ROO1R RQKXPXVULFKOLWHUVRLOLQ6DOIRUHVW$U\DO+3 1HZWRDUHDRIFROOHFWLRQ(GLEOH 5V WRSHU.J &RPPRQ Previously reported: -XJHGL &KLWZDQ (Tulloss and %KDQGDU\ OLVWHGLQ$GKLNDUL 'XUULHX $GKLNDUL E RQVRLO$PULW'KDUDSDQL6DPXGD\DN %DQ &KLWZDQ P 3DQGH\ OLVWHG LQ Christensen et al E Distribution: 0RVWO\LQ Shorea robusta IRUHVW2FFXUV LQ )DJDFHRXV IRUHVW DOVR &KLQD 6RXWK (DVW $VLD DQG )LJXUH 6SRUHV GLY P 1HSDO
4. Amanita fulva Fr. when expanded, and has a strongly striated margin, Observ. Mycol. (Havniae) 1: 2 (1815) VXUIDFH LV VPRRWK VOLJKWO\ VWLFN\ DQG VOLSSHU\ ZKHQ 7DZQ\JULVHWWH (QJ moist and glistens; later it may dry, usually free of volva Local name: 7DKDUVK\DPR 1HS UHPQDQWV,QIUHTXHQWO\URXJKO\SRO\JRQDOSLHFHVRIWKH Taxonomic position %DVLGLRP\FHWHV $JDULFDOHV YHLOPD\UHPDLQRQWKHVXUIDFH Gills : white, free, long, $PDQLWDFHDH )LJXUHDQG FURZGHG6 tipe: ;FPZKLWHDQGVPRRWK VRPHWLPHVWLQJHGZLWKRUDQJHEURZQDQGZLWKYHU\¿QH hairs, slender, annulus absent, hollow and quite fragile, tapering towards the top, universal veil which initially encapsulates the fruiting body is torn and develops LQWRDZKLWHVDFNOLNHYROYDZLWKFKDUDFWHULVWLFUXVW\ EURZQEOHPLVKHV Flesh: ZKLWHWRFUHDPVRIW Odor : QRWGLVWLQFWLYH Taste QRWGLVWLQFWLYH Spores : oval to spherical, ornamentation smooth somewhat hairy cell ZDOOWKLFNKDLU\DSSHQGDJHVFRORXUK\DOLQHLQDP\ORLG ZKLWHPHDVXUHPHQW [[ PLQ VL]H Spore Print ZKLWH Habitat 2Q VRLO JURZLQJ DORQJ RU VFDWWHUHG QHDU EURDGOHDYHGDQGPL[HGIRUHVW Ecology 0\FRUUKL]DO Season -XQH$XJXVW Edibility: (GLEOH EXW QRW Figure 4.1: Amanita fulva, SRSXODUO\ XVHG &RPPRQO\ XVHG LQ *XUXQJ .XPKDO DQG/RGWKP\FRSKDJRXVHWKQLFFDVWVGXULQJP\VWXGLHV Taxonomic description: Chemical reaction 7XOORVV5( :
Pileus : grey in colour, glabrous, when mature orange- :LWK1+ 3 :negative on FDSVXUIDFH EURZQ SDOHU WRZDUGV WKH PDUJLQ DQG GDUNHU LQ WKH :LWK.2+ QHJDWLYHWRVOLJKWO\SDOH\HOORZRQFDS FHQWHUFPLQGLDPHWHU,WGHYHORSVDQXPER VXUIDFH 117 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 :LWK )H6R 4 solution: 6WLSH RXWHU QHJDWLYH LQQHU %OLVVFDS QHJDWLYH*LOOV 7LQJHRI5RVH
:LWK )H6R 4 crystal: Stipe: outer negative, inner: 3DOH 5RVH FDS QHJDWLYH JLOOV 6XJDUFDQH Specimen examined: 1HSDO 5XSDQGHKL *DMHGL :1 P ORQJ ¶1 ODW ¶( &ROO 1R RQ KXPXV ULFK OLWHU VRLO LQ 6DO IRUHVW $U\DO +3 1HZWRDUHDRIFROOHFWLRQ&RPPRQ Previously reported: .DWKPDQGXYDOOH\ %KDQGDU\ growing on soil, in the most shady places, in the Pinus roxburghii forest, *RGDZDUL P QR %DMUD\RJLQL Figure 5.2:Spores print PQR *RNDUQD QR .DNDQL P QR 1DJDUNRW P QR $GKLNDUL D 0DWDWLUWKD P /HOH P 7RNKD P $GKLNDUL et. al., LQ$GKLNDUL 3DUDMXOL OLVWHG LQ $GKLNDUL E JURZLQJ on soil, in the moist shady places, in the pine forests, 3KXOFKRZNL QR 3 DQG 'DPDQ QR ' $GKLNDULDQG0DQDQGKDU 3DQGH\ et al. and Christensen et al E Distribution: (XURSH-DSDQ , 1RUWK$PHULFDDQG1HSDO
5. Amanita pantherina '& .URPE Naturgetr. Abbild. Beschr. Schwamme ( Prague): 29 (1846) 3DQWKHUPXVKURRP3DQWKHUFDS (QJ Local name 0ULWX FKKDWULND 0DQJD VK\DPR %KXW )LJXUH 6SRUHV GLY P FK\DX 1HS Taxonomic position %DVLGLRP\FHWHV $JDULFDOHV $PDQLWDFHDH )LJXUHDQG HQFDVHG LQ D ZKLWH YROYD Flesh: ZKLWH XQFKDQJLQJ Odor IDLQW SOHDVDQW Taste DFULG Spores : oval to RYRLG RUQDPHQWDWLRQ VPRRWK FHOO ZDOO WKLFN FRORXU K\DOLQH LQDP\ORLG ZKLWH PHDVXUHPHQW ; PLQVL]H Spore print ZKLWH Habitat 8VXDOO\JURZRQQHDUEURDGOHDYHGWUHHV RDN beech, birch), occasionally near coniferous trees, in EURDGOHDYHGDQGPL[HGIRUHVW Ecology: P\FRUUKL]DO Season -XO\$XJXVW Edibility : Toxic and produce dramatic symptoms similar to those of A. muscaria / /DP Chemical reaction 7XOORVV5( :
:LWK1+ 3 :negative on FDSVXUIDFH :LWK .2+ QHJDWLYH WR VOLJKWO\ SLQNLVK RQ FDS
VXUIDFH:LWK)H6R 4 solution: 6WLSH RXWHUZKLWH LQQHU FRRO*UH\&DS 0DUFR3ROR*LOOV /DYHQGHU Figure 5.1: Amanita Pantherina 'HZ :LWK)H6R crystal: Stipe outer white, inner Pale Cream Taxonomic description: 4 &DS %ULFNWRQH *LOOV /DYHQGHU'HZ Pileus JORERVH WKHQ FRQYH[ WR H[SDQGHG FP Specimen examined: diameter, cuticle brown, covered with small white 1HSDO 5XSDQGHKL 3DUURKD :1 P ORQJ S\UDPLGDO ZDUWV RFKUDFHRXV WR GDUN EURZQ VWULDWHG ¶1ODW ¶(&ROO1RRQKXPXV PDUJLQ Gills FURZGHGIUHHZKLWH Stipe ; cm, narrowing towards top, striated, white, with frayed, ULFKOLWHUVRLOLQ6DOIRUHVW$U\DO+31HZ SHQGXORXV QRW VWULDWHG ZKLWH DQQXOXV ZLWK ULQJOLNH WRDUHDRIFROOHFWLRQ&RPPRQ ÀRFFRVH]RQHDWWKHEDVHDQGWKHVWURQJO\VZROOHQEDVH Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 118 Previously reported: VSHFLHVGLYHUVLW\LQGH[,WQHHGVVSHFLDODWWHQWLRQWREH 2QJURXQGLQIRUHVW3KXOFKRZNL QR .DWKPDQGX conserved against the threat to avoid their unmanaged YDOOH\ 6LQJK DQG 1LVKD OLVWHG LQ %KDQGDU\ DQGXQVFLHQWL¿FH[SORLWDWLRQ+DUYHVWLQJVKRXOGEHGRQH DQG$GKLNDUL LQ Quercus-Rhododendron PRUHVFLHQWL¿FDOO\UDWKHUWKDQWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGV7KH IRUHVWRI3KXOFKRZNL P DORQJZLWKWKHPRVVHV mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable .DNDQL P LQ PL[HG IRUHVW 6XQGDULMDO P FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGXWLOL]DWLRQ $GKLNDUL et al., OLVWHG LQ $GKLNDUL D E LQVWDWXVDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQRIIXQJL ACKNOWLEDGMENT $GKLNDULD RQJURXQGLQ pinus roxburghii forest, , DFNQRZOHGJH 1HSDO $FDGHP\ RI 6FLHQFH DQG 1DJDUNRW P QR $GKLNDUL 7HFKQRORJ\ WR SURYLGH WKH UHVHDUFK JUDQW7KDQNV DUH DQG 0DQDQGKDU DQG SODFH GDWH DQG FROOHFWLRQ DOVR GXH WR &HQWUDO 'HSDUWPHQW RI %RWDQ\ 7ULEKXYDQ QXPEHUQRWPHQWLRQHGLQWHPSHUDWHUHJLRQ 1HSDOHVH 8QLYHUVLW\IRUSURYLGLQJWKHODERUDWRU\IDFLOLWLHVWKDQNV )XQJL to the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science for Distribution 1RUWKDQG6RXWK$PHULFD-DSDQ(XURSH JUDQWLQJP\VWXG\OHDYH7KHDXWKRUVDUHWKDQNIXOWR'U 6RXWK$IULFD1RUWK$VLDDQG1HSDO 0.$GKLNDUL IRU KLV FRUGLDO VXSSRUW 6LQFHUH WKDQNV DUHH[WHQGHGWRORFDOSHRSOHIRUSURYLGLQJLQIRUPDWLRQV
DISCUSSION REFERENCES
0HPEHUV RI WKLV IDPLO\ FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ IUHH JLOOV $GKLNDUL0. &K\DX HNFKDUFKD Mushrooms: a discussion presence of annulus and a volva; although annulus of *RUNKDSDWUD .DWK 76 LQ1HSDOL some species disappear early ( A. volvata and A. fulva ) $GKLNDUL0. +LVWRU\RIP\FRORJLFDOH[SORUDWLRQVLQ1HSDO DQGYROYDPD\VRPHWLPHVEXULHGDQGGLI¿FXOWWRVHHRU Cryptogamie Mycologie 11
PD\VORXJKRII7KH\EHDUZKLWHVSRUHSULQWV$OODUH $GKLNDUL0. D1HSDONDMDQJOLFK\DXKDUX &KKRWR-DQDNDUL P\FRUUKL]DODQGWKHLUVSRUHVDUHK\DOLQHDQGLQDP\ORLG :LOGPXVKURRPVRI1HSDO %ULHILQWURGXFWLRQ Kalpavriksha 1 (4): ,GHP Kalpavriksha. 1 ,GHP Kalpavriksha. 1 (6): Shape of the Pileus of the A. volvata LVFRQYH[WRÀDW ,GHP Kalpavriksha 1 and surface covered by numerous patches of thin $GKLNDUL 0. E 1RWHV RQ VRPH KLJKHU IXQJL IURP 1HSDO YHLO UHPQDQWV ZKHUHDV KHPLVSKHULFDO WR ÀDW VKDSH LQ Journal of Natural History Museum 12 A. caesarea and surface is covered by membranous A. chepangiana has $GKLNDUL 0. 7R[LF DQG PHGLFLQDO PXVKURRPV IURP 1HSDO UHPDLQV RI ZKLWH YHLO 6LPLODUO\ 1HWZRUN APINMAP/SCAMAP, 1HSDO 1 convex shape and surface is pure white and smooth and A. fulva has umbo and rough polygonal pieces of the veil $GKLNDUL 0. D Biodiversite des Basidiomycetes au Nepal: etude systematique et Bio-geographique.Specialite Ecologie- RQWKHVXUIDFH/LNHZLVH A. pantherina has globose and Mycologique. These du Doctorat de L’Universite present devant VXUIDFHFRYHUHGZLWKVPDOOZKLWHS\UDPLGDOZDUWV6WLSH 1’Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France QRG¶RUGUH SS is slightly tapering upwards in A. volvata , cylindrical in A. caesarea and A. chepangiana whereas slender in A. $GKLNDUL0. E1HZUHFRUGVRIÀHVK\IXQJLIURP.DWKPDQGX fulva and narrowing towards top in A. pantherina 9DOOH\ Nat. Hist. Soc. Bull. 5- 6
2XW RI ¿YH WKUHH VSHFLHV YL] A. caesarea, A. $GKLNDUL 0. D Mushrooms of Nepal 38 3ULQWHUV .DWKPDQGX1HSDO chepangiana and A. fulva DUHHGLEOH$OOWKHWD[DRIWKH genus Amanita 3HUV SOD\V DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ IRUHVW $GKLNDUL0.D0XVKURRPRI1HSDO383ULQWHUV.DWKPDQGX ecology due to mycorrhizal association with vascular 1HSDO ÀRUD 7KH\ RFFXU LQ WKH Shorea-Schima-Castanopsis- $GKLNDUL0.E0XVKURRPSRLVRQLQJDQGLWVVWDWHLQ1HSDO Quercus-Rhododendron and Betula utilis forests ranging 'HSDUWPHQW RI SODQW 5HVRXUFHV 7KDSDWKDOL .DWKPDQGX 1HSDO Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources 25 IURP P WR P LQ 1HSDO 7KLV HFWRP\FRUUKL]DO 1R fungi and its prevailing environment have not been well $GKLNDUL0.1HSDONRSDUYDWL\DNVKHWUDNDELVKDOXFK\DXKDUX VWXGLHG $GKLNDUL $GKLNDUL DQG 3DUDMXOL FKKRWRMDQNDUL Poisonous mushrooms of hilly regions of Nepal: brief introduction %DQDVSDWL6KURWD6DPDFKDU3DWUD '353XEOLFDWLRQ &RWWHU .DWKPDQGX 12
CONCLUSION $GKLNDUL0. 5HVHDUFKHVRQWKH1HSDOHVHP\FRÀRUD $GKLNDUL .6$OND%DVWL0DUJD.DWKPDQGX1HSDO The recent investigation created an enthusiasm $GKLNDUL .6 DQG $GKLNDUL 0. &ROOHFWLRQ DQG WRZDUGV LWV LQWHQVLYH H[SORUDWLRQ 7KH Amanita &RQVXPSWLRQ RI ZLOG HGLEOHPXVKURRPV VROG LQ .DWKPDQGXYDOOH\ volvata 3HFN /OR\G LV QHZ UHFRUG IRU 1HSDO 7KH The Geographer’s Point 1-2 all reported mushrooms are widely spread throughout $GKLNDUL0.$GKLNDUL.6-RVKL$5%KDQGDU\5&*\DZDOL WKH FRXQWU\ LQ WURSLFDO WR WHPSHUDWH EHOWV ,W QHHGV 0%DQG3UDGKDQ% Studies on food Value and mycotoxic wild H[WHQVLYHLQYHVWLJDWLRQWR¿QGRXWWKHLUPRUSKRORJLFDO mushrooms of Nepal submitted to APINMAP/SCAPMAP/UNESCO details, species richness, distribution pattern and Committee of Nepal, Ministry of Education, Nepal SS 119 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 $GKLNDUL 0. DQG 'XUULHX * (WKQRP\FRORJLH 1HSDODLVH -RVKL . -RVKL $5 (WKQRERWDQLFDO VWXG\ RI VRPH ZLOG Bull. Soc. Myc. France 112 PXVKURRPVRIWKHWZRYDOOH\V .DWKPDQGXDQG3RNKDUD RI1HSDO Ethnobotany. 11 $GKLNDUL0.DQG3DUDMXOL3 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJDOGLYHUVLW\LQ WKHSLQHIRUHVWVRI.DWKPDQGXYDOOH\1HSDO,QDEVWUDFWVRIWKHSDSHU .XPDU$%KDWW53DQG/DNKDQSDO71 The Amanitaceae Ecological Society SS.DWKPDQGX1HSDO of India. %LVKHQ6LQJ0DKHQGUD3DO6LQJK$'HKUDGXQ,QGLD
$GKLNDUL0.DQG3DUDMXOL3 Mycorrhizal fungal diversity in /OR\G&* Mycological notes 0\FRORJ\ . &LQFLQQDWL2KLR the pine forests of Kathmandu valley, Nepal: an ecological approach. /OR\G/LEUDU\ 0XVHXP Environment and biodiversity: In context to South Asia. (&26 .DWKPDQGX1HSDO3S 7KH 1HZV /HWWHU RQ WKH IXQJDO GLYHUVLW\ RI +LPDOD\DV µ’Nepalese fungi ¶¶ $GKLNDUL0.DQG0DQDQGKDU96RPHIXQJLFROOHFWHGIURP 1HSDO 'HSDUWPHQW RI SODQW 5HVRXUFHV 7KDSDWKDOL .DWKPDQGX 3DQGH\ 1 Mushroom Diversity in central Nepal: An 1HSDO Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources. 25 ethnomycological Approach $ 'RFWRUDWH WKHVLV VXEPLWWHG WR WKH &HQWUDO'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\1HSDO $GKLNDUL0.:DWDQDEH.1HZUHFRUGDQGWKHUHYLVHGOLVWRI mushroom genus Amanita LQ1HSDO'HSDUWPHQWRISODQW5HVRXUFHV 3DQGH\1%XGKDWKRNL80XVKURRPVLQ5HODWLRQWR'LIIHUHQW 7KDSDWKDOL .DWKPDQGX 1HSDO Bulletin of Department of Plant (WKQLFJURXSVRI.DWKPDQGX9DOOH\DQGLWV$GMRLQLQJ$UHD Journal of Resources 1R 32 SS basic and Applied Mycology 2
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%KDQGDU\ + 5 . Mushrooms. ,Q 7 & 0DMDSXULD , Nepal 5DQD 3 DQG *LUL $ (WKQRP\FRORJLFDO XVHV RI VRPH ZLOG Nature’s Paradise, Bangkok :KLWHORWXV&RPS/WG3S PXVKURRPVLQ6DJDUPDWKD1DWLRQDO3DUN1HSDO,Q 0HGLFLQDO3ODQWV LQ 1HSDO $Q$QWKRORJ\ RI &RQWHPSRUDU\ 5HVHDUFK HGV 3.-KD &KULVWHQVHQ 0 'HYNRWD 6 %KDWWDUDL 6 D 8VH RI ZLOG HGLEOH 6% .DUPDFKDU\D 0.&KHWUL &%7KDSD DQG %%6KUHVWKD PXVKURRPVLQWKH$QQDSXUQD&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHD1HSDO Journal of Ecological Society, .DWKPDQGX1HSDOSS Mycological and Phytopathological Society, Nepal 1 ± 6LQJHU5 The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. (4 th edition), &KULVWHQVHQ 0 %KDWWUDL 'HYNRWD 6 DQG /DUVHQ +2 E %LVKHQ6LQJK0DKHQGUD3DO6LQJK'HKUDGXQ,QGLD &ROOHFWLRQDQGXVHRIZLOGHGLEOHIXQJLLQ1HSDO Eco. Bot 62 (1):12- 6LQJK6&0XVKURRPV Deurali 786WX0DJ D 4
&RWWHU+97 The systematic and ecology of boletes with Special 6LQJK6& 0XVKURRPV . Deorali. E 4 reference to the genus Suillus and its ectomycorrhizal relationship in 6LQJK6&DQG6LQJK1 6RPHÀHVK\IXQJLRI1HSDO Journal Nepal. Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic of Science. 6 ,QVWLWXWHDQG6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\LQ3DUWLDOIXO¿OOPHQWRIWKHUHTXLUHPHQW IRUWKHGHJUHHRI3K'LQ%RWDQ\%ODFNVEXUJH9LUJLQLD86$ 7XOORVV5(DQG%KDQGDU\+5 $PDQLWD&KHSDQJLDQD DQHZ SS VSHFLHVIURP1HSDO Mycotaxon XLLIII
*HUULW -. The complete encyclopedia of Mushrooms 5HER 7XOORVV5( 6HPLQDULRVREUH$PDQLWD 6XSSRUWLQJ0DWHULDOV SXEOLVKHU3S IRUD6HPLQDURQ$PDQLWD 8QLY$XWyQ
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