Index

Aboukir Bay, battle of 32, 159, 190 Baltic Coalition, termination of 175 Achille, the 305 Bantry Bay 177 Achille, HMS 197–9, 290 Barcelona, relief convoy 267–9 Achilles, HMS 208 Barfleur, HMS 126, 129, 130–31, 132–3, 169, 170, Addington, Henry 165, 192, 193 178, 312 Admiralty Board 45 Barham, Lord 199, 200, 225 Adriatic, the 248, 250, 265–6 Bastia 141, 145 Africa, HMS 290 Bellerophon, HMS 208, 290, 306 Agamemnon, HMS 124, 290 Bellisle, HMS 208, 220, 290, 310 Aikenhead, Midshipman 206–7 Berkeley, Captain 59 Ajaccio 143 Blackett, Sir Edward 110, 144, 146 Ajax, HMS 290 Blackett, John Erasmus 109, 236, 261 Ajuntament, the, Mahon 19–20 Black Gate, Newcastle 36 Alexander, HMS 135 Blackwood, Captain Henry 24, 205, 213, 215 Algiers 225–7 Bligh, Captain William 103 Allemand, Admiral 247 blockade strategy 168–9, 186 American Revolutionary War 60–74, 76–7, 88, Bonaparte, Napoleon 280 early life 140 Amiens, Treaty of 20 at Toulon 125 Andreossi, General 183 rise of 135–6 Anson, Admiral Lord George 41–2 Italian campaign 142–3, 144, 145 Antigua 84–8 Collingwood on 143, 168, 237–8 Ardent, HMS 107 Egyptian campaign 158, 159, 161, 176 Atlas, HMS 160 declared First Consul 167 Aubrey, Jack 13, 16, 44, 94, 116, 239 peace negotiations 168 Audacious, HMS 129COPYRIGHTEDBritish MATERIAL plot to overthrow 183 Austen, Jane 25, 163, 189 military buildup 184 Austerlitz, battle of 217, 224 demands evacuation of Malta 185 Austria 19, 40, 112, 169, 265 prepares to invade England 187, 192 proclaims self Emperor 192 Badger, HMS 77, 78, 79, 311 combines French and Spanish fleets 195 Ball, Captain Alexander 219, 261, 270 abandons invasion plans 200

317 INDEX

and Sicily 220 Camperdown, battle of 103, 158 bans trade with Britain 234 Canada 40 invades Portugal 240 Cape St Vincent, battle of 24, 32, 148–52, 152–3 orders Toulon squadron out 247 Captain, HMS 32, 148, 149–50, 150, 151 and Spain 251 careening 52 Boreas, HMS 89 Caribbean Sea 57 Boscawen, Admiral Edward 42 Carlyle, Alexander 110, 136, 176, 184–5, 196 Boston 60–61, 63, 66, 68 Cartagena 220, 222, 250 Boston and Country Gazette and Journal Castle Street, London 69–70 (newspaper) 62 Castlereagh, Viscount 241 Boston Port Bill 62 casualties Boston Tea Party 60, 61, 62 the Glorious First of June 130–31 Boswell, James 139 Cape St Vincent 151 Botany Bay 102 Trafalgar 211, 289–92 Boulogne 175, 192–3 Cawsand Bay 172, 189, 193 Boulton, Matthew 119 Chalmers, William 210 Bounce (dog) 17–18, 26, 107, 108, 182, 200, Channel fleet 78, 165–6, 168–70 217–8, 233, 236–7, 253–4, 269–70 Charlestown 24, 61, 65–6, 68 Bounty, HMS 102, 103 Charlotte Dundas, the 179 Bowyer, Rear-Admiral Sir George 105, 115, 116, Chatham, Lord 105 126, 131, 132–3 Chesapeake, USS 240 Boyne, HMS 64 Chester-le-Street 38 Bradley, Thomas 58–9 Chirton, North Shields 20–21, 233, 249, 270 Braithwaite, Richard 41, 44, 47, 53, 194 Clarence, Duke of 274 Brest, blockade of 167, 168–70, 174, 188 Clark Russell, William 280 Bridport, Lord 155, 167 Clas, Captain Edward le 69 Bristol, HMS 76, 78, 311 Clavell, First Lieutenant John 18, 199–200, 206, Britannia, HMS 290 210–11, 229 Bucentaure, the 212, 304, 310 Clay, Richard 169 Bullard, Thomas 56–7 Cochrane, Admiral Thomas, Earl of Dundonald Bunker’s Hill, Battle of, 1775 24, 66–9 83, 107–8, 255, 258, 274 Buonaparte, Carlo 140 Codrington, Captain Edward 25, 203 Burgoyne, General John 76–7 Collingwood, Admiral Cuthbert, Baron Byng, Admiral Sir John 16–17, 40 appearance 15, 181 telescope 15 Cadiz 54, 196, 252–4, 254–6 comparison with Nelson 15–16, 284 blockade of 24, 157, 159, 197–201, 220, 222, control 18 234, 235 ghost 18 action off 197–9 role 18, 33, 34, 293 Franco–Spanish fleet leaves 204–5 staff 18 Caesar, HMS 132 expenses 18–19 Calder, Sir Robert 204, 223 in Menorca 19 Caldwell, Admiral 132 survey of Port Mahon 20 Calvi 141 homesickness 20–21, 45, 157

318 INDEX daughters 21 and the San Juan River expedition 79 wife 21 loss of the Pelican 79–80 patronage 21–2, 120–21 second court martial 80 humour 22 return to England (1782) 81–2 discipline 22–3, 24, 58, 83, 93–4, 169, 192, 241 sense of humour 81–2 treatment of men 22–4 returns to the West Indies (1783) 82–4 courage 24 service aboard the Mediator 82–4, 88–9, 95–7 tactical ability 24 relationship with Mary Moutray 86–7, 90, 93 strategic ability 24–5 enforces the Navigation Acts 88–9, 90–93 critics of 25 diplomacy 90 memorials 26–7, 36, 276 Nelson’s portrait of 90 neglect of 34 portrait of Nelson 90 family background 35 on Nelson 93, 160, 171–2, 173–4, 219 birth 35, 36 loyalty to Nelson 93 siblings 35–6 treatment of midshipmen 93–4 choice of a naval career 40–43 Mediator struck by lightning 96 education 41 return to England (1786) 97 prize money 43 in London (1786) 98–9 service aboard the Shannon 44–5, 47 return to Newcastle 99–100 first visit to the Mediterranean 47, 47–53 care for crews’ health 100 service aboard the Gibraltar 47–8 informed of Wilfred’s death 101–2 rated midshipman 48 attempts to get ship 105–7 promotion to master’s mate 50 necessaries 106–7 log entries 50–53, 57 turns down command of the Ardent 107 service aboard the Liverpool 50–54 recruitment methods 107–8 service aboard the Lennox 55–6 command of the Mermaid 107–10 service aboard the Portland 56–9 courtship of Sarah Blackett 109–10 voyage to the West Indies 56–7 marriage 110 in Jamaica 57–9 birth of daughters 111, 122 return to England 59–60 house in Morpeth 111 first meets Nelson 60 political affiliation 112 arrival in Boston 63 on European political instability 113 service aboard the Preston 63, 69–70 service aboard the Prince 115, 120–21 on Boston 66 appointed flag captain 115–6 at Bunker’s Hill 24, 68 attack on ‘interest’ 121–2 promotion to Lieutenant 24, 69 on the fall of Toulon 125 stay in London 69–70 service aboard the Barfleur 126, 129, 130–31, service aboard the Hornet 70, 72–5 132–3 on the press gang 70–72 on the war 126, 170, 266–7, 283 first court martial 75 at Glorious First of June 127–8, 129, 130–31, Nelson’s influence 78 132–3 promotion to second lieutenant 78 on the loss of Bowyer 131 promotion to master and commander 78 Bowyer on 132–3 promotion to post-captain 78, 79 and the King’s visit to the fleet 134

319 INDEX visit north 134 command style 192 takes command of the Excellent 135 desire to serve at Cadiz 193 concerns about the state of the navy 136 on Pitt 193 on Corsica 138 on Bonaparte’s threat 194 return to the Mediterranean 141–2 depression 194 at Corsica 141–5 Secret Letter book 196, 216 on Napoleon 143, 168, 237–8 on Villeneuve’s voyage to the West Indies opinion of Paoli 143 196 on Napoleon’s Italian campaign 144 action off Cadiz 197–9 evacuation of Corsica 145 reliance on Clavell and Cosway 199–200 and Jervis 147, 147–8 Robinson on 200, 210, 233 and midshipmen 148 preparations for Trafalgar 201–4 at Cape St Vincent 24, 148, 149, 150–52 relationship with Nelson 202–3, 287 recognition for actions at Cape St Vincent at Trafalgar 18–19, 205, 206–7, 207–12 152–3 engagement with the Santa Anna 210–11 medal for Cape St Vincent 153 informed of Nelson’s death 16, 211 personal authority 155–6 takes command at Trafalgar 211 at Cadiz 24, 157, 159, 252–4, 254–6 aftermath of Trafalgar 212–6 promotion to commodore 159 orders destruction of captured vessels 214 promotion to rear-admiral 160 Trafalgar dispatch 215–6, 276, 303–11 visits home 160 on Trafalgar 292 at Morpeth, 1799 161–4 appointed Commander-in-Chief of the on French strategy 162 Mediterranean fleet 218 on his family 162 elevated to Baron 20, 218, 228–9 on royalty 163 on the death of Nelson 219, 306 service with the Channel fleet 165–6 correspondence with d’Alava 220–21 blockade duty at Brest 167, 168–70, 174 and money 222–3 on Napoleon’s coup 167 and Sicily 225, 228, 229–30 disapproval of Lady Hamilton 171 letter to Pacha of Algiers 226–7 on Hyde Parker 175 inherits coal mine 230–31 on peace treaty 176 coat of arms 233–4 off Ireland 177 blockades Cadiz 234, 235 on French Republican government 177–8 and Turkey 235, 238–9 sense of duty 178, 191, 225, 259–60 thoughts of home 236–7 and the Téméraire mutiny 178 command 241 returns home 179–80 diplomatic mission to Turkey 241–4 in retirement 181–3 on diplomats 243 on the breakdown of relations with France at Syracuse 244, 245–7 184–5 search for French fleet 247–8, 250 recalled to service 186 bowel problems 249 on the invasion threat 188 assistance to Spanish uprising 252–6 returns to blockade duty at Brest 188 Sorcevani portrait 256–7 on the condition of the Venerable 189 and the blockade of Toulon 257–8, 264 Hay on 190–92 on Spain 258

320 INDEX

request to return home turned down 258–9 Collingwood, Wilfred 35–6, 41, 55–6, 90, 92, 97, at Malta 260–61 100–102, 239 appointed Major-General of Marines 261 Collingwood House, Mahon 14–15, 16–19, 25, visit to Palermo 261–3 27 on army leadership 264–5 Colossus, HMS 197–9, 208, 290 the Barcelona convoy 267–9 Concord, battle of 65 death of Bounce 26, 269–70 Conqueror, HMS 290 final days 270–73 Constitution, USS 61 resigns commission 21, 26, 271 Continental System 162, 234 death of 21, 26, 273, 276 Conway, Captain 105 funeral 23, 273–4 Cook, James 48, 100, 103–4 will 274 Cooke, Captain John 208, 306 status 275–7, 278 Copenhagen 240 achievement 276–7 Copenhagen, battle of 32, 103, 174–5 biographies 277–80, 288 Cordova, Admiral Don Jose 149 letters 278–9, 280–83 Corfu 247, 265–6 possible future 284–6 Corset, Nathaniel 64 reputation 286–7 Corsica commissions 311–2 Collingwood on 47–8 Collingwood, Sir Cuthbert 35 strategic importance 137, 142 Collingwood, Cuthbert (father) 35, 43, 99 economy 137–8 Collingwood, Dorothy 35, 99 history 138–40 Collingwood, Edward 109, 282 Paoli’s reforms 139 Collingwood, Eleanor 35 French occupation of 139–40 Collingwood, George 35 British ‘liberation’ of 140–41 Collingwood, John 36, 41, 99, 281 British occupation of 141–3 Collingwood, Mary 35, 99, 108 evacuation of 144–5 Collingwood, Mary Patience 111, 122, 135 Corunna, retreat to 254 Collingwood, Sarah (daughter) 111 Cosway, William 18, 199–200, 272 Collingwood, Sarah (nee Blackett) courts martial 57–8, 58–9 courtship of 109–10 Craig, General Sir James 224 marriage 110 Crawford, Abraham 262, 268, 279 Collingwood on 162 Creevey, Thomas 269, 277–8 feelings 162–3 Culloden, battle of 36 letters 163, 281 Culloden, HMS 149, 150–51, 190–92, 312 journeys to Plymouth 172–3 Currell, Tom 257 in Plymouth 176 Curtis, Sir Roger 131–2, 133, 218 returns to Morpeth 176 Cuthbert, St 36 receives news of Trafalgar 216 introduces daughters to society 233 d’Alava, Vice-Admiral Ignatius Maria 220–21 society lifestyle 249–50 Dalling, Major-General John 78 and the Sorcevani portrait 256–7 Danae, HMS 169 spending 270 Davidson, John 22 reaction to Collingwood’s death 274 Davies, William 56–7

321 INDEX

Defence, HMS 208, 290 Ferdinand, King 166, 220, 230, 258, 262–3 Defiance, HMS 208, 290 Ferrol 197 Defoe, Daniel 38 flag captains 115–6 Denmark 40, 240 food 154 Deseada 95 France devils bolts 189–90 strategic interests 39 Diamond, HMS 80 and the American Revolutionary War 77, 88 Diamond, HMS (second vessel of that name) economic collapse 104–5 186, 312 political instability 111–13 Diligence, HMS 58 declares war on Austria and Prussia 112 discipline invades the United Provinces 113 floggings 56–7, 58, 59, 93–4, 240–41 declares war on Britain 114 death penalty 58 the Terrors 123–4, 135–6 acceptance of 154 Spain allies with 145 Dog Leap Stairs, Newcastle 36 Republican government 177–8 Dolphin, the 92 breakdown of relations with Britain 184–6 Domenica 57 Frederick, Duke of York 166, 186–7 Dos de Mayo uprising 33, 251–6 Fremantle, Captain Thomas 25, 203 Douglas, Sir Andrew 132 French navy Douglas, Sir Charles 119 condition, 1793 124 Dreadnought, HMS 193, 197–9, 201, 208, 290, Brest fleet 126–31, 165–6, 166 312 and the Invasion of Ireland 146 Duckworth, Sir John 222, 235, 238–9 invasion fleet 175 Duff, Captain George 208, 306 strength 179 Duncan, Admiral Adam 155, 158 quality 195 Dundas, Henry, Viscount Melville 192, 199 Nelson pursues 195–6, 196–7 Dunn, Alexander 52 retires to Cadiz 197–9 Dutch, the 39 at Trafalgar 207, 212, 291 rumoured breakout from Toulon 245–6 East India Company 104 loose in the Mediterranean 247–9 Eddystone Lighthouse 56 avoids Collingwood 250 Edinburgh 110–11 Barcelona convoy 267–9 Egypt 158, 159, 161, 176, 239–40, 241–2 Eldon, Lord 41, 214 Gage, General Thomas 63–5 Elliot, Anne 163 Gama, the 13 Elliot, Sir Gilbert 141, 142, 225 Ganteaume, Admiral 247, 250 English Harbour, Antigua 84–5 Gardner, Admiral 196 English Lion dismembered, The (cartoon) 16–17 Genoa 139 Euryalus, HMS 205, 205–6, 213, 307, 310 George III 46–7, 65, 103, 132, 133–4, 165, 168, Excellent, HMS 135, 143, 147–8, 149, 150–51, 184, 216 160, 312 Gibraltar 47, 158–9, 176 Gibraltar, HMS 47–8, 311 false signalling 198–9 Gillies, Jack 45 Fenn, Waldemar 14 Glasgow, HMS 74

322 INDEX

Glorious First of June, battle of 127–34 King’s visit to 133–4 Gold, Midshipman 57 and the Spithead mutiny 155 Golden Farm, Mahon 25 Howe, Major-General Sir William 67, 77 Graves, Vice Admiral Thomas 63, 64, 65–6, Hughes, Edward 278–9, 288 67–8, 69 Hughes, Admiral Sir Richard 89, 91–2 Great Britain ‘hurricane chains’ 85 strategic interests 39 invasion threat 78, 175–6, 186–7, 188, 192 Impérieuse, HMS 255 expansion of maritime interests 103–4 Impregnable, HMS 132 technological innovations 113–4, 119 Indefatigable, HMS 146 and the invasion of Ireland 146 India 188 breakdown of relations with France 184–6 industrial revolution 179–80 declares war 186 Intolerable Acts 62 Grenada 89, 92 Ionian Islands 265–6, 267, 269 Grey, Charles 227 Ionian Mission (O’Brian) 22 grievance procedures 153–4 Ireland 146, 164–5, 177, 187 Guadeloupe 42 Ireland, William 108 guard ships 55 Italian campaign 142–3, 144, 145 guns and gunnery 116–20 Jamaica 57–9, 80 Hadfield, James 169 James, W. 286 Haiti (San Domingo) 183, 222 Jeanbon (French political commissar) 127 Hamilton, Emma 171, 174 Jena, battle of 234 Hardy, Captain Thomas Masterman 211 Jervis, Sir John: see St Vincent, John Jervis, Earl Harris, boatswain 58 Jones, John Paul 77 Haswell, Commander Robert 70, 72–5 Journal (newspaper) 38 Haultaine, Mr 232 Hawke, Admiral Edward 42 Keith, Lord 166 Hay, Robert 44–5, 190–92, 279 Kirk, Captain James 70 Hayes, Matthew 56–7 Hector, HMS 135, 312 La Palazzina Cinese 262–3 Hedley, William 21 Lagos Bay, battle of 42, 47 Hinchinbroke, HMS 78, 78–9, 79, 311 Lapenotiere, Lieutenant John Richards 183, 206, Home Fleet 77 215 Hood, Admiral Sir Samuel 124, 140 Le Juste, the 130 Hornet, HMS 70, 72–5, 88, 311 Le Moniteur 184 Hotel del Almirante, Mahon 14–15, 16–19, 25, Leghorn (Livorno) 52–3, 141, 145 27 Lennox, HMS 55–6, 312 Hotham, Admiral Sir Charles 141 Leopard, HMS 240 Howe, Admiral Lord Richard Leviathan, HMS 290 Collingwood on 108 Lexington, battle of 65 signal flags 122–3 lieutenants 45–6 at Glorious First of June 127, 128, 129, 130 life of a sea officer, The (Raigersfeld) 83–4 Glorious First of June dispatches 131–2 Life of Admiral Collingwood, The (Murray) 288

323 INDEX lightning rods 96 strategic situation 144, 176, 288 Lilburn 99 British departure from 146 Lind, James 100 Britain regains control of 159 Lisbon 53 theatre of operations 228 Lively, HMS 64, 67, 73 Meickle, Andrew 113 Liverpool, HMS 50–4, 56, 311 memorials 26–7, 36, 276 Locker, Captain William 76 Menorca 13–15, 16–20, 25–6, 27, 40, 47, 51–2, London 69–70, 98–9, 105–7 142, 263–4, 270–3 Long Watch, the 33 merchant shipping, losses 77 Lough, John Graham 26–7 Mermaid, HMS 107–10, 311 Louis XVI, King 104, 112 midshipmen 44–5, 46, 93–4, 148 Louis, Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas 235 Minden, battle of 42 Louisiana Purchase, the 187–8 Minotaur, HMS 189, 290, 312 Lovely Anne, the 92 Moises, Hugh 41 Low Countries, Anglo-Russian campaign 166 Molloy, Captain 132 Lowestoffe, HMS 76, 78, 311 Moore, Sir John 254 Loyal Armed Association 187 Morocco 225, 255 Morpeth 27, 111, 161–4, 172, 176, 182, 233, Mackesy, Piers 34, 270, 288 270 Madeira 56 ‘mothers’ 44 Madrid 251 Moutray, Lieutenant James 141 Mahon 14–15, 16–20, 25–6, 27 Moutray, John 83, 84, 86–7, 89, 93 Maida, battle of 230 Moutray, Mary 83, 84, 86–7, 89–90, 93, 173–4, Malta 170, 183, 184, 185, 219, 260–61 228–9, 260, 275 Man, Admiral 145–6 Mulgrave, Lord 256, 259 Mantonari, Fransisco Pons 14–15, 17–18 Murray, George 288 Maria Carolina, Queen 166, 219–20, 224, 225, 244, 258, 262–3 Naples 124, 160, 219–20, 224, 230 marines 117 Naval Chronicle 198, 287 Mars, HMS 203, 208, 290, 306 Naval History (James) 286 Marsden, William 196, 214 navigation 48, 50 ‘Martello’ towers 145, 187 Navigation Acts 89, 90, 91 Martinique 42 Nelson, Admiral Horatio, Viscount Massachusetts and Boston Weekly Gazette: the comparison with Collingwood 15–16, 284 Newsletter (newspaper) 62–3, 64 on Menorca 25 Massingberd, Mrs 81–2 background 32–3, 34–5 master and commander 46 reputation 34 Master and Commander (O’Brian) 13 first meets Collingwood 60 master’s mate 50 service aboard the Lowestoffe 76 Matfen Hall, Northumberland 151 promoted to master and commander 77 Mediator, HMS 82–4, 88–9, 95–7, 311 promoted to post-captain 78 Mediterranean and the San Juan River expedition 78–9 safe ports 20 return to the West Indies 89 Collingwood’s first visit 47, 47–53 enforces the Navigation Acts 89, 91, 92–3

324 INDEX

relationship with Mary Moutray 89–90, 93 Neptune, HMS 170, 203, 215, 290, 308, 309, Collingwood’s portrait of 90 312 portrait of Collingwood 90 Nereus, HMS 273 claims glory for enforcing Navigation Acts Neuhof, Theodore von 138–9 92–3 Newcastle upon Tyne 36–9, 41, 99–100, 179, Collingwood on 93, 160, 171–2, 173–4, 219 187, 276 and the death of Wilfred Collingwood Newcastle Courant (newspaper) 26, 38, 42–3, 101–2 100–101, 183, 186, 273 return to England (1787) 102 Newnham-Collingwood, G. L. 22–3, 45, 277–8 character 106 Niger, HMS 197–9 out of favour with the Admiralty 106 Nile, battle of the: see Aboukir Bay, battle of at Naples 124, 160 Nookta Sound affair 104, 105, 109 ‘liberation’ of Corsica 141 Nore mutiny 155–6 evacuation of Corsica 145 North Africa 33 on Man 145 North America 40 Band of Brothers 147 North, Lord 65 at Cape St Vincent 24, 32, 148, 149–50, North Shields 20–21 151–2 Northern Alliance 240 on Cape St Vincent 152–3 Northumberland, Duke of 231–2, 269 promoted to rear-admiral 153 at Tenerife 157 O’Brian, Patrick 13, 16, 22, 116, 239 loss of arm 157 Ocean, HMS 230, 237, 241, 260, 263, 312 at Aboukir Bay 32, 159 officers at Palermo 161, 166 career paths 44–6 sense of duty 166 qualities 46 tours Europe with the Hamiltons 170–71 Oldgate, Morpeth 111, 182, 270 relationship with the Hamiltons 171 Ommany (Collingwood’s prize agent) 239 at Copenhagen 32, 174–5 Orion, HMS 203, 290 anti-invasion operations 175–6 health 193–4 Pakenham, Captain 132 pursues Villeneuve 195–6, 196–7 Palermo 161, 166, 224, 224–5, 250, 261–3 takes command of fleet 201 Paoli, Pasquale 139–40, 140–41, 142, 143, 145 preparations for Trafalgar 201–4 Paris, Treaty of 47 the Nelson touch 202 Parker, Admiral Sir Hyde 175 plan of attack at Trafalgar 202 Parker, Admiral Sir Peter 76, 77–8, 80–81 relationship with Collingwood 202–3, 287 Parker, Richard 155 at Trafalgar 33, 205, 206, 207, 211 Parsons, Midshipman 147–8 signals at Trafalgar 207 Pasley, Sir Thomas 219 death of 16, 211, 212, 219, 306 patronage 21–2, 46, 120–21 status 275–6 Paul, Tsar of Russia 175 biographies 287 pay, rates of 154 Nelson, Fanny (née Nisbet) 101 peace negotiations 167–8, 176 Nelson, William 223 Peace of Amiens, 1802 33 Nepean, Sir Evan 184–5 peace treaty ratified 179

325 INDEX

Pegasus, HMS 102 recruitment 70–72, 107–8 Pelican, HMS 79–80, 311 Redoutable, the 211, 212, 309 Pellew, Sir Edward 146 Regency Bill 103 Peninsular War 251–6 Revenge, HMS 208, 290 Pickle, HMS 183–4, 206, 215 Révolutionnaire, the 129 Pigtail Steps, Port Mahon 13 Rights of Man (Paine) 112 Pitt, James 88 Robinson, Hercules 200, 205, 205–6, 210, 216, Pitt, William 32, 88, 103, 164, 164–5, 192, 193, 232–3, 279 217 Rochefort 220 Pocock, Admiral 42 Roddam, Captain 55 Polyphemus, HMS 208, 290 Rodney, Admiral George Brydges 79–80, 80–81, Pompée, HMS 229 129 Ponte-Nuovo, battle of 139 Rosas 258 Popham, Sir Home 123 Rotheram, Captain Edward 199–200, 210, 222 Port Mahon 13, 19, 20, 51–2, 52, 263–4 Royal Grammar School, Newcastle 41 Port Royal 80 Royal Marines 265 Portland, HMS 56–9, 311 Royal Military Canal 187 Portsmouth 55 Royal Navy Portugal 240, 251, 252 snobbery 25 post-captains 46 strength 77, 104, 178–9, 185, 194–5 Prescott, Colonel William 67, 68 mobilisation 120–22 press gangs 70–72 tactical philosophy 123 Preston, HMS 63, 69–70, 311 expansion 165 Price, Samuel 59 quality 194–5 Prince, HMS 115, 116, 117, 120–21, 193, 208, Royal Sovereign, HMS 312 290, 310, 312 cannon 26–7 Prince of Asturias, the 304 crew 108 Prince of Wales, HMS 204 Collingwood given command of 201 Princess Amelia, HMS 59–60, 311 at Trafalgar 205, 206–7, 207–12, 212–3, 215, Princess Royal, HMS 143 290, 304, 307 privateers 72, 77 condition after Trafalgar 220, 309, 310 prize money 43, 73–4 Russia 33, 40, 224, 234, 240 promotions 45–6 sailing skills 48–50 Quayside, Newcastle 37 Saintes, battle off the 129 Quebec 31, 42 Sampson, HMS 82 Queen Charlotte, HMS 129, 132 San Domingo (Haiti) 183, 222 Queen, HMS 222, 312 San Josef, the 150–51, 151 Quiberon Bay, battle of 42, 47, 122 San Juan River expedition 78–9 San Nicholas, the 150–51, 151 Raigersfeld, Baron 83 San Salvador del Mundi, the 150 Raigersfeld, Jeffrey 83–4, 87–8, 93–4, 96, 97, 279 San Ysidore, the 150 Rattler, HMS 90, 101 Santa Anna, the 210–11, 220 rear-admirals, role 163 Santa Maria, church of, Mahon 19

326 INDEX

Santissima Trinidada, the 148, 150, 151, 212 at Trafalgar 207, 212, 291–2 Saratoga, battle of 77 leaves Cartagena 250 Saumarez, Admiral James, Baron de 33, 176, Spannochi, Signor 282–3 287 Spartiate, HMS 290 Scott, John (later Lord Eldon) 23 Speedy, HMS 13, 83, 97 scurvy 100 Spencer Stanhope, W. 106, 223 ‘sea-daddies’ 44 Spithead mutiny 153–5 Second Coalition 164, 170 St Albans, HMS 120 Seven Years War 17, 31, 40–47, 47, 72 St Florent (San Fiorenzo) 141–2, 145 Shannon, HMS 44–5, 47, 311 St John’s, Antigua 85 ships: see also individual vessels St Lucia 187 first-rate 44 St Nicholas’ Cathedral, Newcastle 27, 36 ‘jackass’ frigates 44 St Vincent, John Jervis, Earl design 48–9 and Collingwood 24 frigates 48–9 background 31–2, 34 rigging 49–50 command of Mediterranean fleet 31–2 sails 49–50 at Cape St Vincent 32, 148–9, 150 second-rate 115, 116 reforms 32 crews 116–7 strategy 32 poor condition of 189–90 reputation 34 colour scheme 206 evacuation of Corsica 145 entertainment aboard 237 confidence 147 Shirley, Major-General Sir Thomas 89, 91 visits the Excellent 147–8 Sicily 33, 220, 224–5, 228, 229–30, 250–51 elevated to Earl St Vincent 153 Side, the, Newcastle 27, 36, 37 favouritism 160 signal flags 122–3 illness 161 silk stockings 206 becomes First Lord of the Admiralty 174 slaves and slavery 88, 103, 240 naval reforms 178–9, 185 Smeaton, John 99 Collingwood’s funeral 274 Smith, Sir Sidney 125, 126, 161, 192–3, 229–30, St Vincent’s 101–2 251 Standard, HMS 248 Smith, Lieutenant William 45, 46 Stowell, Lord 41 Solana, Marquis de la 221 Strachan, Sir Richard 220 Somerset, HMS 64, 69, 311 strategic situation Spain eighteenth century 39–40 strategic interests 39 Mediterranean 144, 176, 288 and the American Revolutionary War 77, West Indies 76–7 88 1799 161 Nookta Sound affair 104, 105, 109 1801 176 allies with France 145 1802–3 183 Dos de Maya uprising 33, 252–6 1804 192–3 throne 258 1805 217–20 Spanish fleet 1807 239–41, 244 at Cape St Vincent 148–52 Stuart, Sir John 230, 265, 267, 269

327 INDEX

Suckling, Maurice 34 Turkey 33, 234–5, 238–9, 241–4 supplies 95 Tyne river 37–8, 38–9 Surprise, HMS 44, 94 Tynemouth 26–7 Sweden 40 Swiftsure, HMS 208, 290, 309 Unité, HMS 234 Syracuse 244, 245–7 United Provinces (Holland) 113 tactics 129, 158, 202, 289, 292 Vancouver Island 104 Taranto 248 Venerable, HMS 186, 188, 189–90, 312 Téméraire, HMS 178, 220, 290, 306, 310 Vengeur, the 130 Tenerife 157 Venice 234 Thackeray, William Makepeace 25, 279–80 Versailles 88 Thomas, Captain Richard 18, 26, 222 Victory, HMS 150, 201, 205, 211, 212, 220, 290, Thunder, HMS 197–9 310 Thunderer, HMS 208, 290 Villa Franca (Villefranche-sur-Mer) 53 Tobago 187 Villaret-Joyeuse, Louis-Thomas 127, 128, 131 Tone, Wolfe 146, 165 Ville de Paris, HMS 19, 263, 273, 312 Tonnant, HMS 208, 220, 290, 310 Villeneuve, Vice-Admiral Pierre Charles 195–6, total warfare 127 196–7, 197–8, 200, 204–5, 216, 310 Toulon Vimeiro, battle of 254 defences 124 Wagram, battle of 265 British defence of 124–6 War in the Mediterranean (Hughes) 288 blockade of 20, 220, 228, 245–6, 252, 257–8, Warner, Oliver 288 264, 282 Watt, James 119 French build ships at 222 Weazel, HMS 229 break out from 247 Wellington, Sir Arthur Wellesley, Duke of 33–4, Barcelona convoy 267–9 188, 252, 254, 277 Trafalgar, Battle of, 1805 Wentworth, Captain 189 status 33, 288, 293 Wesley, John 38 preparations 201–4 West Indies 56–7, 82–4 Nelson’s plan of attack 202 strategic situation 76–7 engagement 18–19, 205–12 economy 94–5 aftermath 212–6, 286, 308–10 West Indies toast, the 57 Collingwood’s dispatch 215–6, 276, 303–10 Whitworth, Lord 185 causes of victory 288–92 Wilfred, St 36 order of battle 290–91, 308 Wilkinson, John 119 Trevithick, Richard 179 William IV 101, 102 Trieste 234 Windsor, Antigua 86 Trinidad, the 309 Wolfe, General James 42 Triumph, HMS 165, 169, 313 Troubridge, Captain Thomas 149, 150, 190 yellow fever 87

328