Le FORUM “AFIN D’ÊTRE EN PLEINE POSSESSION DE SES MOYENS”

VOLUME 33 #1 PRINTEMPS/SPRING––ÉTÉ/SUMMER 2007

Bailey and Koda (Angel Sirois' Cat & Dog)

www.FrancoMaine.org www.Francoamerican.org other pertinent websites to check out - http://users.adelphia.net/~frenchcx/index.html and www.FFA-USA.com/ Franco-American Women’s Institute: http://www.fawi.net $6.00 US Le Forum Sommaire/Contents Le Centre Franco-Américain Features Université du Maine Orono, Maine 04469-5719 Letters/Lettres...... 3 [email protected] L’États du Maine...... 4-21 Téléphone: 207-581-FROG (3764) Télécopieur: 207-581-1455 L’États du New Hampshire...... 22-25 Volume 33, Numéro 1 L’États du Massachusetts...... 26 Mai-Juillet Éditeur/Publisher L’États du Connecticut ...... 27-30 Yvon A. Labbé Books/Livres...... 31-36 Rédactrice/Gérante/Managing Editor Lisa Desjardins Michaud Poetry/Poésie...... 31 Mise en page/Layout Recipes/Recettes...... 37 Lisa Desjardins Michaud Artist/Artiste...... 38-40 Composition/Typesetting Music/Musique...... 44-49 Angel Sirois Lisa Michaud Genealogy/Généalogie...... 50, 51, 54, 55 Aide Technique Lisa Michaud Thank You!/Merci! To our Le Forum Donors, Yvon Labbé Tirage/Circulation/4,500 volunteers, contributors... Imprimé chez/Printed by Bob & Gloria (Berube) Violette Patrick & Doris Lausier Centre Franco-Américain, Orono, Maine Pauline Nelson Marlene Charron Publié 4 fois l’an par le Centre Fran- Paul & Germaine Cormier Marie Hatch co-Américain. Le Forum est distribué surtout Maurice & Rejeanne Berube aux Franco-Américains des États-Unis. Les Dawna & Louis Basl énoncés, opinions et points de vue formulés Pauline Wilder Kathleen Valdez dans Le Forum sont ceux des auteurs et ne Marie-Anne Gauvin Victor Roy représentent pas nécessairement les points André Lagassé Alcee Vigue de vue de l’éditeur ou de la rédactrice, ou de John & Karen Violette la Division pour l’Éducation Permanente à Henri & Sheila Théberge l’Université du Maine. Jacqueline Blesso Bob & Louise Lagassey Le Forum is published 4 times a year Mr. & Mrs. Charles Guerin Maine School Administrative Dist. #33 by the Franco-American Center. 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Richard E. & Patricia Michaud taires, gens de la communauté, les étudi- Nicole & Marcel Gagné ants -- Angel, Naomi, Aric &Brandon. Celeste Roberge Paul & Anne Garriepy Richard R. Côté Leon Guimond Norman Surprenant Maurice & Lorraine Dubois Richard Belair James Natsis Thomas & Nanette Lavergne (Continued on page 3) 2 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Le Forum donors continued from page 2) Dear Rédactrice; Dear Rédactrice; Patricia Luchetti Enclosed is a check for Enclosed is a check for a subscrip- a donation towards your con- tion to Le forum. I would be interested to Michael Parent tinued good work with regards read Bob Chenard's article in the fall-winter Paul & Margery Dumaine to the FAROG (Le Forum). 2006 issue of Le Forum and request that Rella Bezanilla I really enjoy receiving this newspaper my subscription be dated back to the re- Marjorie Lachance and I commend you for the different ar- lease of that issue. If that is not possible, William & Joan Nauss ticles and the content of your newspaper. please tell me how I can obtain a copy. William B. Horn Sincerely, As you can see, my name is Lagassé. Kenneth & Lillian Rogers Priscille Michaud I was born in Nashua, N.H. on October 9, Patricia Romanov Augusta, ME 1918. Although I did not have the pleasure Marc & Priscilla Chassé of making his acquaintance, I, like Leo Cyr, Dear Priscilla; graduated from the Georgetown University Earl Bradford Jr. Thank you for your generous donation School of Foreign Service in 1939 and was, for Ann E. Romano towards production costs of "our" publication, over 30 years, a Foreign Service Officer of the Therese Genest McGrath Le Forum . Without your continued support U.S. Department of State. I retired in 1979, Robert Laprel "our" journal would not be. Le Forum is what after serving as Consul General and Principal Danielle Aubuchon our readership sends in, I just put it together. 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Lyndon legally adopted me in 1946 Bob & Louise Lagassey Dr. George Lussier eight years after he and mother were wed. Maine School Administrative Dist. #33 Patrick Voisine I learned in 1986 that I was not at all a Donald Willey André & Marion Giroux Scottish lassie. My birth father was Earnest Priscille Michaud Michaud, a man from Edmonton Alberta Gilles & Claire Auger Canada. I did some questioning of relatives to Michelle Barany Ann G. Forcier Glen & Pauline Tinkham learn more of Earnest Michaud. Some things Rev. Maurice L. Brindamour I learned––Michaud is a very common name Sarah Landry Mary Ann & Charles McCoy in the US and Canada, my father allegedly Adrian & Leola Gagnon Dan & Bernice LaPierre came from Canada to do labor organizing Rita & Albert McKeown Albert Marceau for railroad workers. He was a Roman Richard Gay Alice Gélinas Catholic (as I am) and he was born about 1911. Jacques Berard Paul & Kim Marquis So since 1986 I have subscribed to Leonard Leblanc Jacqueline Chamberland Blesso French/Canadian papers first Chez Nous The Maine Acadian Heritage Council and that led to Le Forum. I now feel com- William & Leola Moss Richard Gay is proud to present their Passport Guide to fortable being one of many of Minnesotans 10 local sites throughout the St. John Valley, Salmon Falls Charitable Fund Sr. Pauline Gastonguay Sr. Ella Germain of the French Canadian connection (in The Roosevelt School House in Hamlin; the Everett & Vera Gerard spite of having all the unanswered ques- Dr. George André Lussier Governor Brann School in Cyr Plantation; Du Monde d’a Côté tions to my fathers genealogy and life). the Acadian Village Historical Site in Van Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Schmitt And Many, Many others who help I, of course, am impressed Buren; the Musée Culturel du Mont-Carmel Lawrence Michaud to keep "our" Le Forum afloat. I am that a Michaud is the Le Forum man- in Lille; the Tante Blanche Museum Complex Betsy & Theodore Wooster pleased to inform you that through your aging editor. Keep up the good work!! in Madawaska; the Ste-Agathe Historical Roger Roy generosity we were able to purchase a House and Preservation Center; the Caboose Dean Louder color copier. Un gros merci! However, Sincerely, and Water Tower in Frenchville; the Fort Loria Kelly we are unable to purchase the main- Margaret (Peg) Campbell Kent Historical Society Museum; the St. Francis Historical Society Museum; and tenance agreement which would cost Roland & Ursula Ouellette the Allagash Historical Society Museum. $3,000 quarterly. We are crossing our Dear Margaret; Nicole & Marcel Gagné I thank you for taking the time to write and Each site is equipped with Paul & Anne Garriepy fingers that all will go well and the ma- for your kind words. I am hoping that per- a handstamp to cancel your guide. Leon Guimond chine will not have any malfunctions. haps one of our readers will be able to help The booklets are $5.00 each and Maurice & Lorraine Dubois Again I thank you for help- you. I am hopeful that you will receive are sold at all heritage sites or by con- James Natsis ing us enhance "our" publication . answers to some of your questions. Bonne tacting the MAHC, P.O. Box 88, Mada- Chance and keep in touch! waska, ME 04756 or 207-728-6826. 3 Le Forum

LA GUERRE FROIDE by Dick Gosselin S. Portland, ME

(Continued on page 5) There we were, a giant target for the imminent threat of Communist invaders which were sure to come. A Looks like a jovial bunch considering we were at the giant Catholic school with attached height of the Cold War!!!!!! gothic style church sure to be spotted by Back Row: Gerard Thibodeau, Robert Bisson, Roland the invading Russians or Red Chinese. Dubois, Paul Dubois, Bernie Michaud. Identified by our propagandists as “God- Next to Back Row: Frank Ferland, David Heon, Robert less Governments” they were sure to see our Ecole St. Martin (St. Martins School) Bourgeois Jr. and think of it no differently than they Second Row: Jean LeBrun, Richard Fortier, Joey Bick- would a munitions factory or power plant. ford, Robert Noel, Rep. Richard Heon (D) Somersworth. (We I’m not sure if we felt safer because didn’t refer to him that way then) of the nearby Pease Air base with it’s Front Row: George Fortier, Dan Vincent, Ted Poisson. 509th bomb wing. Maybe these days law kept everybody safe. Wars were actu- the intruder would be an Al Capone look or protocol covers such things so we don’t ally prevented because rational powers alike only with stuble on his face and hear jets breaking the sound barrier any- had destructive capabilities and that we machine gun and machete at his side. more. It seems they stopped doing that could only hope that irrational powers SPECIAL NOTE: in the photo long before Pease closed as an Air Base. would not get them in our lifetimes. I above we apparently had just returned Back in the 50’s it was common. I don’t urge you all to see “The Fog of War,” or were about to go to our eighth grade know if this was something done to make featuring then Secretary of Defense graduation rehersal and photo session. locals feel more secure but with those Robert McNamara. All rational people, Note the caps and tassels on the desk to giant old windows at St. Martins School Kruschev, Kennedy and Castro came as the lower left. Two special nuns were and at the Commercial School in particu- close as we’ve ever come to destroying not featured in the class photo...... Sis- lar we always questioned whether it was the world. I can’t help but reflect that we ter Ste. William and Sister Ste. Joseph our guys or their’s making that noise. considered Kennedy and his cabinet the De L’Esperance. They taught English One day a jet flew over and we “best and the brightest.” McNamara was and French subjects respectively to us thought for sure those big windows considered the best of the best and the as eigth graders. Our class was also would shatter. There was a long pause brightest...... yet there we were involved fortunate enough to have had Sister and we swallowed hard unsure if what in THE most insane shenanigans in the Ste Joseph in the sixth grade. Though we had just heard was a bomb. Sister history of the World. Sure we had to she spoke not one word of English, I Blanche Agness seized the opportunity do what we had to do but we wouldn’t consider her the finest teacher I ever and said: “Yes and someday boys and have had to do it if we hadn’t tried to had. These were two fine nuns (many girls they will come.” Gosh I remem- invade Cuba and attempted to kill Fidel were not so fine) who should have been ber thinking, I hope I get to see Wil- Castro. I suppose he (McNamara) was included. Instead we flanked Monis- liam Castle’s 13 Ghosts at the Uptown the best of the brightest since he had gnor Hector Benoit with whom we had Theatre in Dover before they do come. the good sense to publicize in his old few dealings and certainly no bonding. Within four months of when the age via the Fog of War, lessons learned Every week we would get a Catho- above picture was taken the U.S. and by the watershed warrior of our time. lic Publication called “Our Little Mes- Russia were involved in the closest and During these cold war years I kept senger.” The overriding message from most dangerous episode of the Cold War, waiting for a Communist to come through that Little Messenger was If we don’t say the Cuban Missle Crisis. How many our classroom door intent on throwing the the rosary every night Communism will times during High School discussions did room’s crucifix on the floor, replacing it come. I can’t help but wonder knowing I make the point that Nuclear Weapons with a picture of Kruschev. I pictured (Continued on page 5)

4 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ “The world awaits the content of a letter Fatima letter part 3 but with a theolo- LA GUERRE FROIDE dictated by the Virgin Mary to three gians disclaimer. The disclaimer read: THE COLD WAR IN SOMERSWORTH children at Fatima.” The Vatican had No great mystery is revealed, nor is the Continued from page 4 no comment. Finally at a Conferternity future unveiled. We see the Church of what we know now of Christian Doctrine Class (Catechism the martyrs of the century which has if Mary (The Virgin Mary who alleg- Class) at St. Martins (for those of us who passed represented in a scene which edly told all this to the three children of went to Somersworth High) the instructor is symbolic and not easy to decipher. Fatima) didn’t mean McCathyism. The told us the Vatican chose not to release The Theologian’s closed with “And real heavy anti-communist message the letters contents because it would so we come to the final question: What came in a monthly Catholic comic book cause “unnecessary panic.” Wow.... is the meaning of the “secret” of Fatima called “The Treasure Chest.” Kruschev try that with Wall Street. The market I as a whole (in three parts)? What does it and Chairman Mao these publications once read can take anything but uncer- say to us? The events to which the third told us headed these terrible communist tainty. After a while Communism ran part of the “secret” of Fatima refers now countries because their Fathers beat out of gas except in Cuba, Laos, North seem part of the past. Insofar as indi- them as kids. I remember in one issue Korea and Vietnam and I don’t think it vidual events are described, they belong there was a step by step illustration paralelled any surge in Rosary recital. to the past. Those who expected exciting showing what the Communists would Finally Pope John Paul II released apocalyptic revelations about the end of do when they came. It showed these what was labeled the Fatima letters Parts the world or the future course of history two Charles Bronson looking guys in 1 and 2. All contained prophecies of are bound to be disappointed. Fatima fatigues blowing up the Washington things that had already happened. It was does not satisfy our curiosity in this way, Monument. Next on their schedule was a little like hearing the Lottery numbers just as Christian faith in general canot to break up every American Family. after you find out who won. It was be reduced to an object of mere curios- The kids would go to Commie Camp comforting to see this lack of credibility ity. What remains was already evident for their indocrination and the parents especially when I feared on December when we began our reflections on the would go to Adult Commie Camp. 31, 1959 never seeing another sunset. text of the “secret” : the exhortation to Whatever was going to happen Then came the Internet and Google and prayer as the path of “salvationfor souls” we were told was likely in a letter given the Fatima letter flooded the place. One and. likewise, the summons to penance to the three children the Virgin Mary apparently unauthorized release spoke and conversion. The Theologians state- appeared to in Fatima Portugal in 1917. of World War III starting in the spring ment was signed by Joseph Cardinal She allegedly told the kids to get that of 1997. Another said it predicted the Ratzinger/Prefect of the Congregation letter, dictated by Mary herself, to the hostage crisis in Iran. Another predicted for the Doctrine of Faith.” He’s the Car- Pope and tell him not to open it until the rise of Sadaam Hussein. None pre- dinal who became Pope Benedict XVI. 1960. I remember watching the sun dicted anything BEFORE it happened, In my mind thus ended the cold set on December 31st 1959 thinking it only AFTER. Bring the subject up on war we all experienced in Somersworth. was going to be the last sunset I saw. Goggle now and you will discover it While organized religion brings com- 1960 came and went and nothing. is brain surgery and rocket science at fort to many there are times when I’ve In the sixth grade Sister Saint Roland the same time. I found something on observed it is as I read somewhere..... read us a newspaper account from some- the Vaticans web site where Pope John the last refuge of human savagery. where that went nowhere except to say Paul asked theologians to release the

1600s in Quebec, there were also a few girls with names of Angelique, Agathe Favorite first names (Agnes), Barbe (Barbara), Catherine, By Denise R. Larson Cecile, Claire, Denyse (Denise), Helene, or Marthe, one or two called Rosalie The dozen and a half families who and blessings for the child. Marie and or Suzanne, and a Catherine-Ursule. settled at the fur-trading post at Quebec in Joseph were sometimes used alone as For the boys, closely following the early 1600s brought their family cus- first names, but Marie was typically Joseph in frequency was the name Jean, toms and theirFrench culture with them. hyphenated with another name, such especially when coupled with Baptiste. When it came time to name the babies as the very popular Marie-Madeleine. Charles, Louis, Pierre, and Francois born in New France, the parents kept to The second most popular name were definite favorites. Used less fre- tradition and used names that were popular for girls, used alone or joined with quently but still popular were the names in their family and in France at that time. another name, was Louise. Also fre- Augustin, Guillaume (William), Jacques, The most often given name was quently used were Anne, Marguerite, Nicolas, Noel, and Paul. Some boys were Marie for the girls and Joseph for the Francoise, Genevieve, Charlotte, Jeanne, called Denis, Martin, Michel (Michael) boys. These names honored the Holy and Elisabeth, with an “s” rather than a or Simon, but only a few were called Family with the hope of gaining luck “z” as in English. In birth records of the (Continued on page 6) 5 Le Forum Adults who married and had lived to be elderly was a hospital run by children knew of the risks. Couples religious orders. A few widows were al- Survival in the often had very large families with lowed to live in convents with the sisters the hope that most of their offspring in exchange for a donation to the order. would survive to help them farm and As for retired couples, the family farm New World take care of them in their old age. often was deeded to one of their married A simple survey of the Hebert sons with the condition that the son and By Denise R. family, the first one from France tosettle his wife would care for the older couple in Larson in Quebec, shows the rigors of surviving the family home for as long as the elders in the New World inthe seventeenth and lived. In some areas, this arrangement Senior citizens might grouse early eighteen century. Louis and his resulted in the eventual construction of at the long line at the prescription wife, Marie Rollet, had three children, a housing group, the “big house, little counter, and young children might all born in France. Only two survived house, back house, barn.” The little house fidget while waiting to see a pediatri- in Canada to marry and raise families. was the modest home of the senior par- cian, but all can count their lucky stars Of the resulting fourteen children, the ents. The son constructed the big house that they have modern medical care. grandchildren of Louis and Marie, nine to hold his growing family and often to In the early days of Quebec, young grew into adulthood. Of the children who please his wife by giving her a larger couples at the fur-trading post were died young, more than half died at birth and more modern dwelling. The back eager to start families but knew that or in infancy. The next generation shows house held wood to heat the buildings dangers would present themselves. An a survival rate of approximately two out and household supplies and should not be apothecary, Louis Hebert, served as the of three living long enough to marry and confused with the outhouse, the outdoor post’s first doctor. His daughter-in-law have children. By the fifth generation, the privy, which was small and portable. and a granddaughter were midwives. great-great-grandchildren of Louis and When the waste pit was full, a new one The few precious medicines that Louis Marie, the survival average still held true. was dug and the structure was moved. The brought with him from France were The saddest tale, one that takes a barn was for the animals and their food. supplemented with the herbs he grew compiler and reader beyond the coldness Survival was chancy in early Que- in his home garden and any medicinals of statistics, is the story of Joseph Fourni- bec, but those who did live to through that the native people shared with him. er and Barbe Girard, who married in Que- adulthood found the joy of a close-knit Birth is a natural part of life, but the bec in 1661. Of their seventeen children, community of neighbors and relatives, early seventeenth century experienced only seven lived long enough to marry. self-sufficiency on generous acreage, and epidemics of small pox, which was often Six of the children of Joseph and Barbe all the pleasures that family can bring. fatal. Complications of birth often brought died the same day they were born. Four death to both mother and child. Injuries others did not live through childhood. Denise R(ajotte) Larson is a free- and illness took the lives of many chil- In early Quebec, the only equiva- lance writer and editor who can be- dren and youth who had survived infancy. lent to a nursing home for adults who reached at: [email protected].

(Favorite first names continued from page 5) Denise (Rajotte) Larson ([email protected]) is a freelance Adrien, Claude, Daniel, Etienne, Ignace, The surnames of the other families writer and editor. Excerpts from Compan- Rene, Robert, Thomas, or Zacharie. Only living in Quebec during the lifetime of ions of Champlain are published by Le Fo- one was found who had been baptized Samuel de Champlain are Boucher, Bour- rum (www.francoamerican.org) on page 7. Joseph-Narcisse. He was the last child of don, Cloutier, Cote/Coste, Couillard, twenty born to the same mother and father. Delaunay, Desportes, Guyon, Juchereau, The families of these children Langlois, Marsolet, Martin, Nicolet, were the founders of the fur-trading Pinguet, and Tardif/Letardif. Along with post at Quebec. The men arrived first, Champlain and his wife, Helene Boulle, in 1608, to construct the buildings and these eighteen families saw Quebec establish trade agreements with the na- through its earliest years and proved tive hunters. Louis Hebert returned to that Europeans could survive the harsh- France to bring back his wife, Marie ness of the climate of northern America. Rollet, and three children. They arrived Though other families would follow, in Quebec July 15, 1617, and were the these dozen and a half are the pioneers first French family to take up residence who led the way from a centuries-old in Canada. The Giffard family arrived heritage in Europe to the establishment in 1634, and the Amiot family in 1635. of a unique culture in the New World.

6 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ

COMPANIONS OF CHAMPLAIN: Founding Families of Quebec, 1608-1635 by Denise R. Larson © CHAPTER 1 Westward to Fish and the sharp watch for gold, minerals such as the natives, which was covered with nut Far East lead and copper, and gemstones and trees. I at once employed a part of our report on any sea serpents they encoun- workmen in cutting them down to make tered. The race for easy wealth was on. ... a site for our settlement, another part in The turn of the century between the Samuel de Champlain saw poten- sawing planks, another in digging the sixteenth and seventeenth was a time of tial in the vast forests of New France. cellar and making ditches, and another scientific discovery, exploration, and em- Traveling across the North Atlantic al- in going to Tadoussac (where the ships pire building, an age of invention and ad- most annually, he continued to urge the were anchored) with the pinnace to fetch venture. New developments in maritime mercantile backers to send more people our effects. The first thing we made was navigation, not to mention the well-pub- and supplies to the struggling trading the storehouse, to put our supplies un- licized adventure of Christopher Colum- post. He stood as a solid cornerstone to dercover, and it was promptly finished bus at the close of the fifteenth century, the founding of Quebec in 1608, well by the diligence of everyone and the inspired the powers of Europe to venture deserving of his designation, Father care I took in the matter. ... I continued to the west to look beyond the long, dan- of New France. But he was not alone. the construction of our quarters, which gerous land routes to the spice markets contained three main buildings of two of the Far East and to follow the fish. stories. Each one was three fathoms long Cod of the cold, northern waters and three wide, with a fine cellar six feet was what the majority of the people of CHAPTER TWO high. All the way round our buildings I the sixteenth and seventeenth century Canada had a gallery made, outside the second ate on fast days. Merchants supported story, which was a very convenient thing. fishing communities, and fleets fol- Late spring was a good time of year “There were also ditches fifteen lowed the cod across the Atlantic. The to sail the Atlantic. Champlain, aboard Le feet wide and six deep, and outside these fish colonies were slowly migrating Don de Dieu (Gift of God), sailed from I made several salients which enclosed a towards Greenland and North America the port of HonFleur in France April part of the buildings, and there we put our in response to changing weather condi- 13, 1608, and arrived at Tadoussac June cannon. In front of the building there is an tions and water temperatures during 3, 1608. Anchoring the large vessel at open space four fathoms wide and six or the Little Ice Age, which peaked at the Tadoussac, Champlain and his crew con- seven long, which abuts upon the river’s turn of the sixteenth century into the tinued up the river in sloops. They pulled bank. Round about the buildings are very seventeenth. The French fishing fleet ashore below the high hill overlooking good gardens, and an open place on the followed the fish to the Americas during the river on July 3, 1608. (Morison 102) north side of 100 or 120 yards long and the 1500s. Explorers, with the backing The village of Stadacona had once fifty or sixty wide.” (Biggar, 24-25, 35-36) of the monarchies, in turn followed the stood on the mount overlooking the river At present day, the church Notre fishing fleet west, in search for a water but had been destroyed during intertribal Dame des Victoires stands on the passage to the Far East. (Fagan 103) wars. The immediate region was called site of l‘Habitation, which is what Champlain wrote in his journal by the natural feature of the narrowing Champlain called the main build- on one of his early voyages, “One may of the river, which in the native language ing in the settlement. (Lanctot 110) hope to find a short route to China by sounded very much like “que-bec,” and it Defense was a crucial part of way of the river St. Lawrence; and that continued to be so called by Champlain survival in the early seventeenth cen- being the case, it is certain that we shall and his men. (Lanctot 103) tury, both in Europe and in the wilds succeed by the grace of God in finding “From the island of Orleans to of Canada. While Sully was in France it without difficulty; and the voyage Quebec is one league, and I arrived there building or reinforcing three dozen for- could be made in six months; whence on July the third,” wrote Champlain. tresses along national borders, a few hale a notable profit may be gained such as “On arrival I looked for a place suit- and hardy Frenchmen were constructing the Portuguese and other nations derive, able for our settlement, but I could not Fort St. Louis atop Mont Diamant in who go to the Indies.” (Biggar 345) find any more suitable or better situated The explorers were also to keep than the point of Quebec, so called by (Continued on page 8) 7 Le Forum or France. The Company of Merchants than la belle France and far away from (COMPANIONS OF CHAMPLAIN and later the Compagnie des Cent-As- civilization as they knew it? Perhaps continued from page 7) socies (aka Company of New France), that civilization was not so civilized Quebec. The hotel Chateau Frontenac which assumed the supervisory role in nor safe. Wars of greed, revenge, and stands on the site today. (Greengrass 296) 1627, funded the trading post and wanted religion were frequent in sixteenth and minimum disruption of the natural habitat seventeenth century Europe. The burden Quebec, a Remote Outpost and the native hunting parties to keep the to wage war was loaded onto the backs shipments of animal pelts flowing to Eu- of the working people. There were taxes rope. The native hunters soon developed A few members of the Third Estate, at every turn and taxes of every kind. their own agenda for the fur trade and professional people not of the nobility nor There were the taille, the corvee, and used their knowledge of the land and war- the clergy, were part of the contingent the sabelle taxes. There was a tax, en ring tribes to prevent the Europeans from establishing the Quebec post. Among censive, at each transfer of ownership establishing trading posts farther west. these were Louis Hebert, a former and taxes for the tenant farmers, the The natives wanted to maintain their mo- apothecary to the royal household. His censitaires. Farmland in France was nopoly on the supply of furs from western skills as a physician and pharmacologist extremely expensive. Land in Canada tribes to the Europeans on the coast. and were important to the success of the could be had for the clearing if so granted, The company was obligated to venture. His dwelling, near the fort on and was tax free. So were the people send annual shipments of goods from the promontory, was constructed of stone — free from social strictures placed on theports of France t o Q u e b e c . and was a gathering place. (Lanctot 110) them by a class-conscious society and In time, men would bring their a powerful clergy, free from religious families to Quebec, but the mercantile rivalries, except what was brought along companies funding the post wanted by the Catholic and Huguenot clergy. profit, not settlement. Champlain, in The clergy’s mission, however, was the near disgust, wrote in his journals, “ ... conversion of the native people, and min- reaping riches for the greater profit of istering to the emigrants was secondary. the company (Company of Merchants) The outdoor life of hunting and ... was the sole concern of the company fishing was a siren to the men ofFrance which ... wholly neglected the peopling who had been limited to cities or small of the country, and continually sought farms while vast estates were held by to earn as much as possible for the the king and the nobility. Craftsmen who least possible expense.” (Lanctot 119) would have waited many years for mas- Permanent settlement, as in a ters papers in Europe were promised mas- people taking over the land and becoming ter standing after just a few years’ labor, self sufficient and making a profit from about six, at the Quebec post. They were agriculture, was extremely slow. Produce willing to take their chances with the Commonly stowed aboard were long Atlantic crossing, possible seizure for shipment back to France was not an barrels of peas, beans, rice, prunes, issue for the Company of Merchants that by ships flying the flag of competing or raisins, almonds, dry cod, salted meats, warring Europeans, occasional attack or was funding Quebec. France, in spite of flour for bread and biscuits, spices, a sluggish economy, was a very fertile ambush by the Iroquois, the hard work of sugar, salt, oil, and butter. For refresh- clearing land thick with hardwoods and and productive country. Sending people ment, the company sent casks of cider across the Atlantic to farm and then ship- pine, and the disinterest of the merchant and beer from Normandy and wine companies and the French government. ping stuffs back was not profitable. The and spirits from mid and southern people who decided to stay in Quebec Benign neglect suited these pio- France (Lescarbot 91; Trudel 152) neers. They were on their own, beyond for better or worse cleared enough land The settlers supplemented their to satisfy their own needs. Two religious the reach of old- world ways and re- stores when opportunity arose. They strictions. Life was good — simple groups, the Recollets and the Jesuits, planted the seeds of old-world vegetables established farms to feed themselves and but good — with increased potential after clearing some land and traded for prosperity of a self-directed nature. assist the native people they tried to con- with the native people, who grew corn vert, yet they managed to clear and plant and pumpkins and gathered berries and only 15 acres in 20 years. (Lanctot 122) maple sap. Both natives and newcomers Conversion, not Commerce hunted bear, duck, geese, moose, and Why They Went to Canada turtles and caught fish. The native men Not every passenger aboard a were adept at catching river fish and eel. ship heading west was after fame and The men who sailed to Quebec with So why did the men and their fortune. Among the earliest travelers to Champlain were not sent to seize and oc- families stay in a primitive and at times Quebec was the Jesuit Paul Le Jeune of cupy great tracts of land for themselves menacing environment, so much colder (Continued on page 9) 8 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ fine feasting when there was enough was strong. (Munro xli) (Rioux 10, 12) (COMPANIONS OF CHAMPLAIN food, and the call of the great outdoors. Towns were slow to develop continued from page 8) A 1712 report by Gedeon de Cata- because of the strong self-sufficiency of the habitant families on their farms. the Society of Jesus. As superior to the logne, an engineer, shows the writer’s exasperation with the new Canadian When the population of what was con- missions in Canada, he was required to sidered a neighborhood grew to a size write detailed reports to the provincial attitude. He wrote, “the settlers seemed to be always ready to leave their farms large enough to support a parish priest, general in France. After enduring the a lot was purchased for a church and hardships of the three-month voyage, his and betake themselves to the forests,” blaming the “seductive charm of the fur an adjoining cemetery. The extra land first report made the admission, “It is one within the lot was subdivided into small thing to reflect upon the death in one’s traffic.” Catalogne was right. Even in Quebec’s earliest days, the freedom of plots called “emplacements” and sold (monastery) cell, before the image on the to older couples who had deeded their Crucifix, but it is quite another to think the woods beckoned. Noel Langlois, who arrived before 1634 and worked as a farm to a family member. The couple of it in the midst of a tempest and in the was referred to as “emplacitaires,” and presence of death itself.” (Mealing 16) carpenter, turned to the life of hunting and fishing after he was granted the seigniory all their needs were provided for by The staunchness of the natives their relatives, usually the ones who amazed the missionaries who came to (a large section of land for subleasing and development) of Port Joli in 1677. He had had been deeded the family homestead. spread their own style of fortitude, and at When professional people such as times the natives put the missionaries to some work done to develop the land for farming and grazing, but not enough to doctors and notaries wanted to move to shame. Jesuit Jean de Brebeuf cautioned town but did not want to farm, they were the administrators back home in France sustain himself and his family. In a few years’ time, they were at the mercy of allowed to purchase emplacements as not to send complainers to work in the well. In this way the center of town was missions. He warns newcomers that if the colony for subsistence. (Munro 51) As settlement expanded from Que- established around the parish church they can’t be cheerful, at least be quiet so and service providers who lived nearby. as not to lose the respect of the people. bec west to Montreal, the river and the “What shall I say of their strange pa- subsequently constructed road became tience in poverty, famine and sickness?” one long main street, often called the IN CONCLUSION Brebeuf wrote in May 1635. “We have longest one in North America, with the homes of families strung along it on the seen this year whole villages prostrated, The pioneers of New France settled long and narrow parallel strip lots. The their food a little insipid sagamite (which a new land and set in motion a new closeness of neighbors served a twofold was said to taste like wallpaper paste); culture. Historians have the unusual purpose in early Quebec. In addition to and yet not a word of complaint, not a opportunity to observe the start and de- making maintenance of the road less movement of impatience. They receive velopment of a unique society from its burdensome, the neighbors were within indeed the news of death with more con- incubation through metamorphosis into shouting distance should there be an stancy that those of Christian Gentlemen a new nation, one that is still struggling emergency such as a sudden attack by and Ladies to whom one would not dare with its national identity. One hundred enemy tribes of natives or an accident to mention it.” (Mealing 46, 49, 154) and fifty years of history, 1608 to 1759, while working with ax or plow, fire or is the chrysalis from which emerges the cauldron, or during childbirth. Neigh- heritage of the French Canadian and its CHAPTER THREE bors were also close at hand for social descendant, the Francadian-American. interaction. The “premier voisin,” as the In 2008, Quebec, designated a closest neighbor was called, played an Looking back World Heritage City by UNESCO in important role. That was the individual 1985, will hold ceremonies and host who was called to for help, consulted for celebrations to commemorate 400 years If Henry IV’s Sully had taken a advice, invited to all celebrations, and of endurance. Millions of Americans greater interest in exploration and empire given a share of a good day of bread bak- of French-Canadian heritage will have expansion, the settlers of Quebec would ing or a portion from a successful hunt. the opportunity to acknowledge and probably have received, in addition The proximity of someone who celebrate their heritage and ancestry at to funding, more regulation and more could be counted on in any time of need the 400th anniversary of the founding intrusion into their lifestyle and a very or emergency was psychologically very of Quebec by Samuel de Champlain and different culture would have resulted. important for the few hardy souls who his men. The descendants of those hardy As it were, benign neglect allowed the braved the New World — cold, strange, pioneers now can link with the history formulation of an open, “laid back” and sometimes hostile as it was — and those first families of Quebec through this society that knew the worth of team ef- stayed to make a livelihood and, in time, guide to the companions of Champlain. fort and hard work but also the value of a heritage for future generations in which enjoying the good weather when it came, the concept of the importance of neighbor good neighbors when help was needed, and neighborhood, just as much as family, (Continued on page 10)

9 Le Forum et de portes ornées étaient la couleur du (COMPANIONS OF CHAMPLAIN Ça c’est un Rêve ou beurre. Les volets et les portes étaient la continued from page 9) la Réalité ? couleur du corbeau. Le toit se glorifiait des douzaines de bardeaux d’ardoises REFERENCES noires étincelantes comme une reine qui Par Virginie porte sa couronne. Une cheminée de Biggar, H.P., editor, The Works of Sand pierre grimpait au côté droit de la maison Samuel de Champlain, 6 volumes. To- comme une treille. En outre, la chemi- ronto: The Champlain Society, 1925. Je me suis réveillée du sommeil née fumait comme un grand calumet de Fagan, Brian. The Little Ice ce matin en laissant le plus grand lieu paix. Lorsque je suivais l’allée sablée Age: How Climate Made History 1300- céleste. Il éprouvait si réel et si confort- devant de l’escalier rouge de porche, 1850. New York: Basic Books, 2000. Greengrass, Mark. France in the Age of able à moi comme si j’y avais habité toute j’ai senti le parfum de beaucoup de roses Henri IV: the struggle for stability. New York: jaunes et orangées qui bordaient l’allée. ma vie. En effet, en réveillant du som- Longman Publishing, 1995, second edition. meil, je me suis sentie comme si j’étais Soudain, dès que je suis montée Lanctot, Gustave . A History of Can- passée par une porte entre deux maisons, l’escalier de porche, une brise de mer m’a ada, Jospehine Hambleton, translator. la maison que j’ai laissé et celle où je embrassé et m’a convaincu à asseoir sur Toronto: Clark, Irwin & Co. Ltd, 1963. me suis réveillée. C’était incroyable ! le porche. En même temps, cette maison Mealing, S.R., editor, The Je- Dans le lieu que j’ai laissé, je me bien préservée semblait m’accueillir suit Relations and Allied Documents, trouvais à marcher sur un chemin au avec hospitalité. Alors, je me suis assise A Selection. Toronto: M a c m i l- lan Company of Canada Limited, 1978. Morison, Samuel Eliot. Samuel de Cham- plain, Father of NewFrance. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press; Little, Brown & Co., 1972. Munro, William Bennett. Documents Relating to the Seigniorial Tenure in Canada 1598-1854. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968. Rioux, Marcel, and Yves Martin, editors, French Canadian Society. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1969. Trudel, Marcel. The Beginnings of New France 1524-1663, Patricia Claxton, translator. Canadian Centenary Series, McClelleand and Stewart Limited, 1973. The full text of Companions of Cham- plain includes the following appendices: I: The Method of French-Canadian Gene- alogical Research: An Opportunity of a Lifetime II: The ABCs of French-Canadian Genealogy III: Genealogy of First Families, bord de la mer vers une grande maison dans la première chaise à bascule par la 1608-1635 à deux étages. Tout en approchant de la porte. De là, mes yeux regardaient la IV: Companions of Champlain: The maison, j’entendais les sons tranquilles scène la plus théâtrale. Dans le lointain Pioneer Families of Quebec who Lived, de mouettes et ressac, et je sentais l’air je regardais les montagnes derrière la Worked, Shared, and Survived with Samuel de Champlain, Through Three Generations. du sel. Il faisait aussi chaud parce qu’il mer. Au-dessus des montagnes il y Includes the following families: Amiot/Amyot, était l’été. Aussitôt que je me suis tenue avait un arc-en-ciel double brillant avec Boucher, Bourdon, Cloutier, Cote/Coste, debout devant de la maison, j’ai remarqué toutes les couleurs : le rouge, l’orange, le Couillard/Couillart, Delaunay, Desportes, ses caractéristiques uniques. Le style jaune, le vert, la turquoise, l’indigo, et le Giffard, Guyon, Hebert (through five gen- de maison était similaire à une ferme de pourpre. C’était comme si j’envisageais erations), Juchereau, Langlois, Marsolet, Nouvelle Angleterre avec un porche vaste un spectacle de lumière. En plus, devant Martin, Nicolet, Pinguet, and Tardif/Letardiff. à la façade. En effet, six ou sept chaises des montagnes je pouvais voir le soleil V: Example of Pedigree, Modified à bascule assoyaient sur ce porche avec étinceler dessus les vagues d’océan. Un Method, and Full Reference Citations un peu de petites tables. Les jardinières peu de grands arbres au bord de la mer The full text of Companions of Champlain will be published in 2007 by décoraient les grilles de porche avec les encadraient ma vue magique. : Les bois Clearfield Company, a division of Ge- géraniums rouges et roses qui étaient de cèdre, les sapins, un arbre d’érable nealogical Publishing Company. Informa- très animés. Les planches en bois de rouge et une couple de bouleaux. Tout à tion on how to order a copy will appear l’extérieur de maison étaient peintes la coup, j’ai entendu le cri le plus perçant on the Website www.genealogical.com. couleur d’une citrouille. Le porche et d’un oiseau. Je me suis tout de suite en- la bordure autour de grandes fenêtres (Suite page 12) 10 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ de visiteurs ou des pèlerins quoiqu’il y ducteur des animaux. Le loup est notre D’un Sacré ait un sentier entortillé qui mène au sacré frère spirituel. L’arbre s’assoit sur une monument. Il y a ceux-là qui connaissent tortue de mer, qui est une métaphore pour Monument le monument, mais ils ne choisissent pas l’Amérique du Nord, « l’Île de tortue. » de chercher le chemin qui les amènera Sitôt que le grand créateur de paix a Par Virginie là-bas. Beaucoup de gens se demandent planté l’arbre, il met un aigle sur le som- si ce sacré monument existe même parce met de l’arbre, où il s’assoit en vigilance, Sand qu’il y a seulement un peu de gens qui en regardant si quelque chose s’approche l’ont aperçu et qui le voient. De fait, de l’arbre. Si l’arbre est attaqué, l’aigle Je connais un sacré monument histo- ce sacré monument est disponible pour pousse les hauts cris. Ce grand arbre de rique qui est très différent que tous les au- tout le monde à regarder. Alors, quel est paix était attaqué pendant les conflits pas- tres monuments historiques que j’ai visité. ce sacré monument et où se place-t-il ? sés, tels qu’en 2001 et en 1776. Cepen- À l’extérieur du monument, il Je sais que la couleur de ce sacré dant, cet arbre atteint toujours au ciel. n’y a ni les colonnes hautes, ni le monument est verte parce qu’il y a ceux- Comme un arbre spirituel, il est très réel. clocher avec la cloche, ni les fenêtres là qui l’ont entrevu. Le monument est Certes, les plus vraies choses ne peuvent colorées, ni les grandes portes voûtées. extrêmement vieux et était adoré par les pas être vues. Alors, ce grand arbre de Ce monument n’est pas construit de la générations de nombreux amérindiens. paix est le sacré monument de beaucoup pierre, de la brique, ni du ciment. En En effet, aujourd’hui, il est encore adoré d’amérindiens, et il est toujours présent plus, on n’y trouvera ni portail de fer par les amérindiens. Ce sacré monument afin que tout le monde puisse regarder et ni escalier de marbre. Néanmoins, on vert s’appelle « le Grand Arbre de la Paix y aspirer. Aujourd’hui, le grand arbre de découvrira ce sacré monument être » et représente le grand droit spirituel et paix chante une ballade très importante : réellement grand, mais il est simple, un centre spirituel. Dans et autour de cet naturel, et tranquille en même temps. arbre de sapin sont les clans des nations « Nous devons réclamer le droit spiri- À l’intérieur du monument, il amérindiennes. Ces clans sont symbolisés tuel pour survivre, Ainsi, nous devons n’y a ni les statues des saints, ni nef par les animaux divers : le cerf est con- tous écrire le même livre, pour un chœur, ni les murs de fresques, Et nous devons tous chanter la même ni autel pour adorer Dieu. Du reste, chanson, Afin que l’avenir on n’y remarquera ni les lustres bril- appartienne aux enfants. » lants, ni les bancs d’église, ni les cor- ridors vastes, ni l’orgue géante pour les (Cette histoire et le dessin ont hymnes. Surtout, on n’entendra jamais été inspirés par le Chef Oren Lyons les curés ou les religieuses faire une qui est le garde de foi du clan de tortue messe à ce sacré monument. Pourtant, de la Nation d’Onondaga, une partie on reconnaît ce sacré monument être de la confédération d’Iroquois. Chef vraiment céleste, mais il est simple, Lyons sert comme un directeur des naturel, et tranquille en même temps. études amérindiennes à l’Université Par-dessus tout, ce sacré monu- de l’État de Buffalo au New York.) ment n’est pas fréquenté par des milliers nor an altar for worshipping God. More- over, one will notice there neither brilliant About a Sacred chandeliers, nor pews, nor vast corridors, nor a giant organ for hymns. Above all, Monument one will never hear priests or nuns doing a mass at this sacred monument. However, By Virginia one recognizes this sacred monument Sand to be truly heavenly, but it is simple, natural, and quiet at the same time. I know about a sacred, historic mon- Above all, this sacred monument ument that is very different than all the oth- is not frequented by thousands of visitors er historic monuments that I have visited. or pilgrims although there is a winding On the exterior of the monument, nor a marble staircase. Nevertheless, path which leads to the sacred monument. there are neither high columns, nor a one will discover this sacred monu- There are those who know of the monu- steeple with bells, nor colored win- ment to be really grand, but it is simple, ment, but they choose not to search for dows, nor large, vaulted doors. This natural, and quiet at the same time. the path that will take them there. Many monument is not constructed of stone, On the interior of the monument, people wonder if this sacred monument brick, or cement. Moreover, one will there are neither statues of saints, nor even exists because there are only a find there neither an iron front gate nave/loft for a choir, nor walls of frescos, (Continued on page 12) 11 Le Forum (Ça c’est un Rêve ou la Réalité ? gauche j’apercevais d’une voie qui me- (About a Sacred Monument suite de page 10) nait à un pré. Devant du pré, il y avait un continued from page 11) levée la tête au ciel bleu et j’y ai aperçu jardin potager et un jardin de tournesol. few people who have caught sight of it de la lumière du soleil reflétait sur la tête Je suivais le sentier au pré. Soudain, j’ai and who see it. Certainly, this sacred blanche et la queue blanche d’un aigle entrevu de nombreux lapins qui sautaient monument is accessible for everybody magnifique. L’aigle planait sur la maison. dans le gazon haut. Et puis, un orignal to behold. In that case, what is this sa- Tout d’un coup, le vent a changé. a paru dans la prairie. J’ai tout de suite cred monument and where is it located? Je me suis sentie une brise de mer froide poursuivi l’orignal à la frontière du pré. I know that the color of this sacred m’inviter dans la maison. J’avais froid Au-delà du pré, je regardais un ancien ci- monument is green because there are those donc j’allais à la porte et sonnais la son- metière. Encore une fois, la brise de mer who have caught a glimpse of it. The nette. Je la sonnais plusieurs fois mais a soufflé à moi et m’a persuadé à entrer monument is extremely old and has been personne ne venait. Enfin, j’ai légère- dans le cimetière. En laissant l’orignal, worshipped by numerous generations of ment ouvert la porte et m’est trouvée dans j’approchais des pierres tombales avec Native Americans. In fact, today it is still le salon. Sitôt que je suis entrée dans le curiosité. Là-bas, je me surprenais à worshipped by Native Americans. This salon je me suis devenue chaude parce regarder les noms derniers de ma famille green, sacred monument is called “the qu’il y avait un feu dans la cheminée de ; c’est-à-dire, les noms de mes ancêtres : Great Tree of Peace” and represents the pierre. L’air chaleureux semblait me tirer Albert, Delarosbil, Joseph, Denis, Lebras- great spiritual law and a spiritual center. à asseoir par le feu. Ainsi, j’étais attirée seur, Darosbille, Laroque, etc. Tous les In and around this fir tree are the clans à un gros fauteuil à côté de la cheminée. deux noms français et amérindien étaient of Native American nations. These clans Aussitôt que j’y ai assis, j’ai remarqué écrits sur ces pierres tombales. J’avais un are symbolized by diverse animals: the beaucoup de portraits qui accrochaient sentiment fort que ce cimetière représen- deer is the leader of the animals. The aux murs tout autour du salon. D’ailleurs, tait mes racines au Québec au Canada. wolf is our spiritual brother. The tree les gens dans ces tableaux paraissaient Dans le cimetière, je m’agenouillais sits on a turtle. The turtle is a metaphor si familiers à moi. Je me sentais d’une aussi et priais de ma crainte de mort for North America, “Turtle Island.” manière liée à eux. Subitement, j’ai re- quand la brise de mer est rapidement As soon as the great creator of connu le portrait de mon pépé Adélard rentrée et m’a embrassé doucement peace planted the tree, he put an eagle Albert que je connaissais quand j’étais avec un grand confort. En ce moment, on the top of the tree, where it sits in jeune. Mon grand-père avait immigré je me suis sentie un respect profond et vigilance, watching to see if something au Maine du village de Paspébiac dans une grande gratitude envers tous mes approaches the tree. If the tree is at- la Gaspésie de Québec au Canada. Puis, ancêtres qui avaient marchés cette terre tacked, the eagle puts forth loud cries. dans plusieurs portraits, j’ai observé avant moi. Surtout, dans ce cimetière, This Great Tree of Peace was attacked les femmes et les hommes porter les j’ai perdu toutes mes peurs à l’égard during past conflicts, such as in 2001 peaux des animaux et les plumes des de mort. Par conséquent, je me sentais and in 1776. Meanwhile, this tree still oiseaux. Ils apparaissaient à être tant une paix immense ; c’est-à-dire qu’où reaches to the sky. As a spiritual tree, it une partie du monde naturel. Pendant il n’y a pas de crainte, il y a la paix. is very real. Indeed, the most real things que je méditais de ces portraits, je com- En somme, j’ai laissé le cimetière cannot be seen. In that case, this Great mençais à me sentir à mon aise ici. Ce retourner à la grande maison, où je me Tree of Peace is the sacred monument lieu était-il la maison de mes ancêtres ? suis couchée sur le gros fauteuil par la of many Native Americans, and it is al- Dans un instant, la brise de mer cheminée. Alors que je m’endormais, ways present so that everyone can look est passée par une fenêtre ouverte, m’a je me sentais la brise de mer m’étreindre at and aspire to it. Today, the Great Tree encore étreint, et m’a séduit à explorer tendrement avec amour et j’entendais of Peace sings a very important ballad: vers le derrière de maison. Ensuite, j’ai les chansons d’un plongeon lumme dans découvert un corridor à une porte de l’océan. Sitôt que je me suis réveillée, “We must reclaim spiritual law in order derrière et je suis sortie la maison. À je me suis retrouvée dans mon lit où to survive, droite, je remarquais une grange énorme, je me suis souvenue le plus grand lieu In this manner, we all must write the la même couleur comme la maison. À céleste. Ça c’est un rêve ou la réalité ? same book, And we all must sing the same song, So that the future will belong to the That, is it a Dream or Reality? children.

By Virginia Sand (This story and drawing were inspired by Chief Oren Lyons who is I awoke from sleep this morning in had passed through a door between two the faith-keeper of the turtle clan of the leaving behind the most heavenly place. houses, the house that I left behind and Onondaga Nation, a part of the Iroquois It proved so real and so comfortable to me the one where I awoke. It was incredible! confederation. Chief Lyons serves as as if I had lived there all my life. In fact, In the place that I left behind, I director of Native American Studies at the upon waking up from sleep, I felt as if I (Continued on page 16) State University in Buffalo, New York.) 12 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (That, is it a Dream or Reality? head and white tail of a magnificent hopping in the high grass. And then, a continued from page 11) eagle. The eagle soared above the house. moose appeared in the prairie. I imme- All at once, the wind changed. I diately pursued the moose to the border found myself walking on a path by the felt a cold sea breeze invite me into the of the meadow. Beyond the meadow, I seashore towards a grand house of two house. I was cold therefore I went to faced an ancient cemetery. One more stories high. All in approaching the the door and rang the door bell. I rang it time, the sea breeze blew at me and per- house, I heard the peaceful sounds of sea several times but no one came. Finally, I suaded me to enter into the cemetery. In gulls and surf, and I smelled the salt air. lightly opened the door and found myself leaving the moose behind, I approached It was also warm because it was summer. in the parlor. As soon as I entered into the the tombstones with curiosity. There, I As soon as I stood in front of the house, parlor I became warm because there was was surprised to behold the last names of I noticed her unique characteristics. The a fire in the stone fireplace. The warm my family; it is to say, the names of my style of the house was similar to a New air seemed to draw me to sit by the fire. ancestors: Albert, Delarosbil, Joseph, England farmhouse with a wide front In this manner, I was attracted to a big Denis, Lebrasseur, Darosbille, Laroque, porch. In fact, six or seven rocking arm-chair near the fireplace. As soon as etc. Both French and Amerindian names chairs sat on this porch with a few small I sat there, I noticed many portraits that were written on these tombstones. I tables. Flower boxes decorated the porch hung on the walls all around the parlor. had a strong feeling that this cemetery railing with red and pink geraniums that Moreover, the people in these pictures represented my roots in Québec, Canada. were very lively. The wooden boards appeared so familiar to me. I somehow In the cemetery, I also knelt down of the house exterior were painted the felt connected to them. All of a sudden, and prayed about my fear of death when color of a pumpkin. The porch and the the sea breeze suddenly returned and ten- trim around the large windows and or- derly embraced me with a grand comfort. nate doors were the color of butter. The At this moment, I felt a profound respect window shutters and the doors were the and a great gratitude towards all my an- color of the raven. The roof boasted of cestors who had walked this earth before dozens of black, glistening slate shingles me. Above all, in this cemetery, I lost all like a queen who wears her crown. A my fears regarding death. Consequently, stone chimney climbed up the right side I felt an immense peace; it is to say that of the house like a grapevine. Further, where there is no fear, there is peace. the chimney smoked like a great peace Finally, I left the cemetery behind pipe. When I followed the gravel-walk to return to the grand house, where in front of the porch’s red staircase, I I laid down on the big arm-chair by smelled the scent of many yellow and I recognized the portrait of my grandpa the fireplace. While I was falling orange roses that bordered the walk. Albert whom I knew when I was young. asleep, I felt the sea breeze hug me af- Suddenly, as soon as I climbed the My grandfather had immigrated to Maine fectionately with love and I heard the porch staircase, a sea breeze embraced me from the village of Paspébiac in the songs of a great northern diver (a com- and convinced me to sit on the porch. At Gaspésie of Québec, Canada. Then, in mon loon) in the ocean. As soon as I the same time, this well preserved house several portraits, I observed women and awoke, I found myself again in my bed seemed to welcome me with hospitality. men wearing the skins of animals and where I remembered the most heavenly In that case, I sat in the first rocking chair the feathers of birds. They appeared to place. That, is it a dream or reality? by the door. From there, my eyes beheld be so much a part of the natural world. the most theatrical scene. In the distance While I meditated about these portraits, I gazed at the mountains behind the sea. I began to feel at home here. Was Above the mountains there was a brilliant this place the house of my ancestors? double rainbow with all the colors: red, In an instant, the sea breeze past orange, yellow, green, turquoise, indigo, through an open window, gripped me and purple. It was as if I was viewing again, and seduced me into exploring a light show. Moreover, in front of the towards the back of the house. After- mountains I could see the sun sparkling wards, I discovered a corridor to a back upon the ocean waves. A few tall trees door and I left the house. On the right, I at the edge of the sea framed my magical noticed an enormous barn, the same color view: cedar trees, fir trees, a red maple as the house. On the left, I perceived a tree, and a couple of birch trees. All of trail that led to a meadow. Before the a sudden, I heard the most piercing cry meadow, there was a kitchen-garden and of a bird. I immediately raised my head a sunflower garden. I followed the foot- to the blue sky and there I caught sight path to the meadow. Suddenly, I caught of the sunlight reflecting upon the white a glimpse of numerous rabbits that were

13 Le Forum I was working in a small mater- into them. The hat worn while hiking My Franco-American nity hospital in my hometown waiting in our woods has flattened her hair on to enter the Brigham School of Nurs- one side giving an endearing but comic Friend ing when Faith came into our hospital appearance. She is up from her chair to give birth to her first-born son. She to get our complete attention before By Annette never forgot the care my sister and I gave beginning to tell her recent happening. her those seven-days of recuperation. Paradis King ‘When I saw the rolled rug sitting We drifted apart again not hear- on the top of Dr. Casey’s trash can I knew Frenchman Bay ing from the other until my spouse it would be perfect for our cellar floor. I and I returned to Maine to settle went home and called him on the phone. I I could say there is good cause to on the coast to live our retirement said I’d like to have that rug but certainly be the way my dear friend is. I understand years. This was when Faith and Stan- wouldn’t take it without his permission. her so well. We both came from large ley made the effort to join us again. ‘ “Go ahead and take it Faith.” then he Franco American families and were first Now my friend is a widow but added, “Do you need any help getting it daughters. We didn’t just brush by the continues to live there in what is our home?” “Oh, no, Stanley will help me.” Great Depression we lived it first hand. hometown. I travel to see her. I love going They discovered that the rug was only What we do best now is talk of those days back to my hometown, but my visits with slightly worn but spotless. They hurried with anecdotal accounts. Our dialogue Faith are the most memorable. Before the to place it there in the new playroom. can be compared to measuring the life of back door is opened there is a familiar Now, perhaps a day or two later a tree. Counting the number of wide rings scent of cleanliness from inside that seeps they drove down to see their daughter. on its stump, marking its good years and out and meets me. In the bright colored Once there, the phone rang. Surprising to the much narrower rings indicating the kitchen a feeling of nostalgia crosses hear it was Dr. Casey asking if Faith were years the tree went without rain or suf- my being. The spotless rooms; the fam- there? Then he asked if he could speak fered a disease. We had good years. Then ily photos on tabletops, everywhere. A with her. He was calling to tell her some- there are years where we barely hang ‘home again’ feeling is like a blessing. one near his house put a television set at on. But good or bad, like the tree that is Our conversations are much like those the road and it looked like a real good marked for life, we remain ourselves. We I can recall sharing in my childhood, one. He thought she would want to look grew out of our childhood, which is our fast with predicates or pronouns rarely at it. She thanked him for the tip and on inheritance. Everything about us tells the used. I instinctively know what she re- their way home Faith and Stanley drove way we were brought up. Again, similar fers to. There is no formality between by the address. It looked like a very nice to the tree we can spend a lifetime trying us. I’m home! Our visits are special to one. She knocked on the door of the ho- to work through a bend or knothole there the both of us. As a result, it’s a little meowners and asked if the woman cared since youth. It is present even if hiding oasis and the place where I can count if she took the television there at the road- it during adulthood. In old age we can those smaller rings of our lives without side. Getting permission she and Stanley spot it again, this time able to laugh at it, humility. Simply, our earlier days were placed it in their truck and went home, or more wisely, we know at last enough not of plenty; yet, we are able to discuss now a rug and a television set richer. to accept this is the way we are. Period! freely and even joyfully whatever comes Back home they worked mov- I became fond of Faith; I’ll call this to mind. Sometimes in complete awe we ing furniture to place the television woman in my story, long after my chil- remember how we thought it impossible in the best place possible. They stood dren and her children were off on their once to have what we now say is our own. back to admire it before trying it out. own. Earlier we had been only acquain- Faith is a woman comfortable in Next they turned it on. It didn’t work. tances in high school. She was a class her own world. For example, she has They weren’t at all happy for now behind me. We were raised in the same been recycling long before the fancy they were the owners of a television town. I became friendly with her when name existed. She will save everything that was trash and their trash-collec- my small group merged with her group or ask for something being discarded if tor wouldn’t be back for another year. of young women, post-high school years. she knows of someone else who may get I can’t imagine anyone who doesn’t When she married, we all received invita- use from it. I have to admit I’ve been a like my friend. Well, there is one person. tions to her wedding. This was in 1946. recipient a few times, myself. If there is Soon after that we went different ways. anything she pleasures more than find- I headed for Boston to study nursing and ing something to pass on, it is finding her spouse Stanley was hired as a Game something she can make over for herself. Warden. He was assigned to a job in the “I love looking over people’s discarded wilds of Maine and she followed him trash if it is sitting there on the side of with an adventurously good-natured atti- the road and looks interesting at all.” she tude that fitted into the hard life she would told us a few years ago as we enjoyed an live. They raised their two boys and two afternoon together. She laughs and her girls in what she describes as ‘the woods’. eyes light like a flashlight being pointed (Continued on page 15) 14 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ terre impitoyable...l'hiver qui mange sept Maria Chapdelaine de Louis mois sans profit...c'était un pays sans pitié...le froid, la neige, la solitude.... Hémon (Partie I) toujours le bois, impénétrable, hostile, plein de secrets sinistres, année par an- née, à travers toute une longue vie terne par Monsieur Harry A.M. Rush, Jr. et dure...les grandes forêts inhumaines où tous les arbres ont l'aspect des arbres E. Millinocket de cimetière...le bois et ses acolytes: les Louis Hémon (1880-1913), écriv- tendres,...vers les régions lointaines du mauvais chemins, les tempêtes de neige... ain français, est né à Brest en France. Il nord où nul oeil humain ne se posait sur les rivières torrentielles du printemps, séjourna et mourut au Canada où il écrivit elle...bientôt un grand vent froid qui res- sur la glace traîtresse...c'était la première son roman Maria Chapdelaine. Il a com- semblait à une condamnation définitive... pluie du printemps et elle annonçait la mencé comme journaliste en Angleterre le froid meurtrier...la peau était râpée par délivrance...la terre reparaissant bientôt... (1903-1911). Ensuite il a travaillé en le tonnerie lointain des grandes chutes...le agriculture au Québec dans la région du ciel baigné de lune...des nuages défilaient nord (Lac Saint-Jean). C'est un maître de comme une procession sollennelle...le description. son roman décrit la culture vent tiède qui annonçait le printemps... québécoise et la vie dure. Louis Hémon Le plus pauvre des fermiers savourait le fait entendre à Maria Chapdelaine qui grand contentement de savoir que toutes pense à quitter la province cette "voix sortes de forces géantes travaillaient en du pays de Québec, qui était à moitié un esclaves soumises pour lui...Après cela, chant de femme et à moitié un sermon de c'était l'été...une fraîcheur délicieuse." prêtre." "Nous sommes venus il y a trois La leçon pour nous est que cents ans (1608) et nous sommes restés... nous devons admirer le courage et le mais au pays de Québec rien n'a changé... tempérament robuste de nos ancêtres parce que nous sommes un témoignage... québécois. On peut apprendre de leurs persister, durer, c'est surtout le combat travaux ces deux proverbes: VOU- contre la nature, contre les saisons." LOIR, C'EST POUVOIR et AIDE- Donc, pour bien comprendre nos le froid...la neige tomba avec abondance... TOI, LE CIEL T'AIDERA. Vive le aieux, il faut réflechir au climat difficile le vent du nort-ouest abolit les chemins... Québec et la belle langue française! dans le Québec. On peut voir le talent de au-dehors la lune se leva, baignait de sa (L'auteur, Monsieur Harry A.M. Rush, Louis Hémon dans ses descriptions. C'est lumière froide--la froideur du sol blanc... Jr., est un ancien élève des Soeurs de un Chatueabriand (Atala et René, 1801) la nuit glacée était plus solonnelle que ter- Notre-Dame du Saint-Rosaire de Rimouski, du XXe siècle. "L'automne était-là, an- rible...cette splendeur froide qui s'étend Québec à l'école St-Martin de Tours, Mil- linocket, ME; son arrière-grand-père était nonçant le retour de l'inexorable hiver, le la nuit sur les pays de neige...le froid cruel...Maria continue à frissonner en Guillaume Willett (Ouellette) de Rivière froid, bientôt la neige...Partout l'automne du Loup, QC et de Bradley, ME; c'était est mélancolique...les préparatifs annuels pensant au pays glacé...Mars venait après un professeur de français à Schenck High de défense contre les grands froids... ces longs mois de réclusion...les hivers School (1968-2001), Millinocket Est, ME.) l'automne est riche de couleurs vives et sont pénibles...les milles duretés d'une (My Franco-American Friend the street. People retire early in Moriah’s mine, and think of the days once lived continued from page 14) neighborhood. They were sure no one by two French/Canadian girls so different Faith had taken hurting words from the saw them dropping on her lawn what but so much alike. We can laugh about woman I’ll call Moriah, over the years. looked like a box in the darkness of night. most anything giving our friendship its As club members they may have been Faith would have given anything value. And no matter if talking about the both guilty. I don’t know. Nonetheless, to hear what Moriah had to say the next good years or the very lean ones Faith one day Faith thought of taking the un- morning. It was later that day Faith and tells it without a melancholy heart. She desired set over to her disliked associate Stanley went a calling to discuss the must have let all those years and those and leaving it on her lawn. It would be club’s fundraising committee-duties. times go. The same situations, in some considered a joke, so she didn’t think it Not a word was spoken about what must cases, I admit clinging to for much to malicious at all. Faith and Stanley waited have been fresh still in Moriah’s mind. long. For instance, a few of those lean until after dark one night and drove to I recall many more stories told during rings may return unexpected and most the other side of town where Moriah those frequent visits. Faith’s adventures surprisingly to haunt me. The human lived on a landscaped acre in a large always carry more than a thread of good knots and bends don’t really go away do white house. Actually, Moriah’s place humor, which only gets longer with age. they. Not anymore than those of the tree. happened to be the stateliest residence on I’ve thought of these days, hers and 15 Le Forum Franco Day at the Legislature a Success The day was especially poignant By Judy Ayotte Paradis as the American flag was flying at half- mast over the State Capitol to honor The sixth annual Franco-American Eddington served as speaker pro tem. twenty-year-old Sgt. Angel Roma, a Day was held Wednesday, March 21, Melanie Saucier of Fort Kent sang victim of the Iraq War, whose funeral 2007 at the State House in Augusta to La Marseillaise, the French national was being held in Portland that morning. honor the many people of French descent anthem, in French and O 'Canada in Dan Shagoury served as leg- who have made such a large contribu- French and English to honor the dig- islative liaison at the State House tion tot he State of Maine. The French nitaries from France and Canada, and to help make the day a success. landed on Ste. Croix Island in 1604, more the Star Spangled Banner in English The guests were from and center than two centuries before Maine was and French. She was back by popular again that evening at the Franco-Ameri- granted statehood. Subsequent French demand for her sixth consecutive year. can Heritage Center in Lewiston, where migrations tilled the soil and populated She also sang to a very appreciative Center Director Rita Dubé had planned the mills that dotted the countryside. audience in the rotunda before and af- a full program of activities. The Concert Franco-American day was founded as ter session. She was accompanied by Hall was standing room only for Le a thank you to all who have contributed her parents, Gary and Diane Nadeau Grand Derangement. a singing and or are contributing to this great state. Saucier, and her grandfather, Leo Paul dancing troupe from Baie-Ste-Marie, Franco-American Day was one of Nadeau, and his guest, Alvine Lagasse. Nova Scotia, which entertained the locals the events that were held across the world Fr. Sylvio Levesque of Hallow- and dignitaries. The versatile artists kept to celebrate La Semaine de la Franco- ell, who once served in Sinclair, led the crowd thoroughly entertained with phonie. François Gauthier, the consul the prayer in the House, thanking God song and dance. The musicians made their general of France in Boston, said, "We for the gift of the Franco-American instruments sing for two and half hours need to tighten our relationship. More population, which has enriched our state of solid entertainment, and two beautiful and more of the French are becoming immeasurably: "Seigneur, notre Père, female dancers enthralled the audience. aware of your existence in Maine." He nous sommes réunis ici ce matin pour te Armand Dionne, the troupe's plans a trip up to the St. John Valley as remercier tout particulièrement pour la keyboardist and the son of Melanie soon as it can be arranged. His wife was nombreuse présence des Franco-Améri- Saucier's singing teacher from Grand educated by the Daughters of Wisdom cains dans notre état. Ces personnes ont Falls, N.B., was unable to par tic pate in St. Laurent-sur-Sèves, the mother émigré au Maine, laissant derrière eux because he broke a leg five minutes house in France of the missionary sis- la pauvreté qui les écrasait au Canada, before a recent performance in Paris. ters who came to the Valley in 1904. tout en entretenant le rève d'améliorer The internationally renowned Several other dignitaries joined leur sort en terre américaine. Ces nom- group was sponsored by Marc Jacques Gauthier in Augusta: Alexis Berthier, breux Francos Américains ont contribué of the Canadian government, which press attaché at the French Consulate in énormement au bien-être de toute la also hosted a wine and cheese re- Boston; Neil LeBlanc, Canadian con- population de l'état. Nous te prions de ception along with TV-5 Monde. sul general in Boston; France Dionne, bénir abodamment ces loyaux citoyens de Center President Laurent Gilbert, delegate from the Boston Office of the ton Royaume et de notre état du Maine." who is also the mayor of Lewiston, said Province of Québec; Neil Burnham, The Senate and Hosue of Rep- the success of the evening makes the hard public affairs director for the Canadian resentatives also welcomed and hon- work of creating the Center well worth it. Consulate General in Boston; Maël So- ored with thunderous applause and a The next Franco-American len Picard, public affairs director for standing ovation three St. John Valley Day will be held on March 19, 2008. the Québec Office in Boston; and Sev- soldiers just returned from Iraq: Na- erin Béliveau, honorary French consul. tional Guardsmen Sgt. Brian Ayotte Cleo Paradis Ouellette of French- of Ste. Agathe, Sgt. Brandon Michaud ville, former State Representative Con- of Frenchville, and Sgt. Jake Pelletier stance Côté of Lewiston, and Dr. Norman of Frenchville. The young men were Beaupré of Biddeford were inducted thrilled with such a response from the into the Franco-American Hall of Fame lawmakers, who really appreciate the sac- in ceremonies in the Senate and House rifices demanded of these young people. of Representatives. They were honored The Franco-American soldiers for decades of service to the French also got to meet Fr. Paul Dumais, fact in Maine through their advocacy in formerly of Madawaska, who said education, entertainment and writing. the prayer in the Senate. Brandon Rep. Benjamin Pratt (Plourde) of rmembers him form Youth Ministry. (Continued on page 17) 16 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ Those inducted into the Franco-American Hall of Fame on

March 21, 2007... ht b Nrhih Portraits Northlight by Photo The Honorable Constance D. Côté, of Auburn, on her induction into the Franco-American Hall of Fame. Ms. Côté served 6 terms in the Maine House of Representatives and is into her 5th decade of hosting a top-rated French review show aired weekly on CNN Radio 1240. Among her many commit- ments, she was instrumental in the Franco-American Festival Committee that promoted all aspects of French language and culture, and she promoted the renaissance of Franco-American culture in the Lewiston and Auburn area. We acknowledge her extensive contributions to her community and to the State of Maine and we congratulate her on her receiving this high honor;

Honorable Constance D. Côté,

Dr. Norman Beaupré, of Biddeford, on his induction into the Franco-American Hall of Fame for his contributions to French language and culture in Maine. Dr. Beaupré was born in Maine and grew up speaking French in Biddeford. He re- ceived his Ph.D. in French literature in 1974 and is the author of several books. He became Professor Emeritus after 30 years of teaching at the University of New England, where he taught both francophone literature and world literature. We extend our congratulations to Dr. Beaupré on his receiving this high honor;

Dr. Norman Beaupré

Cléo Paradis Ouellette, of Frenchville, on her induction into Photo by Life Touch Life by Photo the Franco-American Hall of Fame for her many years of activism in support of French language and culture in Maine. Mrs. Ouellette taught high school French for 33 years, and also taught French at the University of Maine at Fort Kent. Among her many contributions to the community, she has served as a board member of the Maine Acadian Heritage Council and has given a series of lectures for the Maine Humanities Council on the Franco-American experience. FÉLICITATIONS! Cléo Paradis Ouellette CONGRATULATIONS! 17 Le Forum

18 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ

19 Le Forum N.D.L.R. This article first appeared in Volume 4, Issue 1 of Discover Maine Magazine. Used with permission. The Genealogy Corner Untangling your Acadian family connections

by Charles Francis Granville Ferry, Nova Scotia

In June of 1785 the first Aca- Annapolis Royal area of Nova Scotia dian settlers of what would become the in 1604. Over the next hundred years State of Maine began settling the area it grew and expanded as more set- around the mouth of the Madawaska tlers from France arrived and families River. They came at the invitation of themselves grew. Small numbers of two French traders named Pierre Lizotte Scottish, Irish, English and Portuguese and Pierre Duperre. Lizotte and Duperre settlers also augmented the popula- had begun trading in the area in 1783. tion. Today, names like McGraw and Because the Madawaska region Foster are listed as Acadian names. was considered part of Quebec, these Of the 10,000 Acadians living in Placide Gaudet (1850-1930) first Acadian settlers of Maine peti- Acadia in 1755, some 6,000 were forcibly tioned the Governor of Quebec for deported. They scattered up and down other vital records was concerned. Com- lands. The Governor granted each the coast of the original Thirteen Colo- pounding this fact, the names of many family 200 acres in the general area of nies, bound for England, and , eventually non-Acadian French are the same as what is today known as Frenchville. France and Spain. The Acadians of Spain Acadian's are. For example, the common These early settlers were the forefa- were among those who formed the nucle- Acadian name of Michaud can also be the thers of Maine's present day Acadians. us of the Louisiana settlers who are now name of a Quebecois who is not Acadian. Today, it is estimated there are known as Cajuns. Some of the 4,000 who There are three major physical some 1,500,000 Acadians in the world. escaped deportation settled the St. John repositories for Acadian Family names The largest population center, over Valley. Others settled isolated areas of the from the early period of Acadia. They 600,000, is in Louisiana. Just fewer Maritime region, far from British eyes. can be found in the national archives than 400,000 live in Nova Scotia, New The first person to compile a re- in Paris and Ottawa, and the provincial Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. cord of Acadian statistical information archives of the three Maritime Prov- About 350,000 live in Quebec. Ap- was Placide Gaudet (1850-1930). His inces. Fortunately, for the family re- proximately 80,000 are in New England, period of concentration was from 1610 to searcher, these have been compiled with the majority residing in Maine. 1900. The work is monumental in scale by Centre d'études acadiennes at the The 1, 500,000 Acadians are de- (16 volumes), and it contains birth dates, University of Moncton. Le Centre is scended from the 10,000 Acadians who birthplaces, death dates and marriages. also the prime source for information on were ousted from their homeland of It even contains some family trees. The Acadians living in present-day Canada. Acadia (in French, Acadie) by the British complete study call Gaudet's Notes, or One of the best resources for in 1755 and, incredible as it may seem, Généalogies acadiennes. Possibly the American Acadians, especially those almost all are related. This inter-relation- most incredible thing about his research living in Louisiana, is Every LeBlanc's ship is based on the fact that all trace their is that the names are arranged in semi Les Acadians. You can obtain a copy ancestry to a relatively small number of -alphabetical order. The information right here in Maine through interlibrary families, those that began settling Aca- can be accessed at Centre d'études aca- loan. Information can also be found at dia in the early 1600's. Among other diennes, University of Moncton, New the Acadian Genealogical and Historical things, this means that the same family Brunswick F1A 3E9, Canada. While Society of New England. Their address names can be found wherever Acadians truly a marvelous resource, Gaud- is PO Box 668, Manchester, NH 03105. are found. Because of this, determining et's Notes is not the definitive source In addition, Caribou has a Family His- the structure of one's Acadian genealogy for those seeking their Acadian roots. tory Center. It is located at 67 Paris may seem a more than formidable task. Researching Acadian family his- Snow Road and is well worth a visit. Luckily, there are some simple ways to tory is just like researching any family For still more information, consult go about building an Acadian family tree. history. To begin with, Acadians were the works of Bona Arsenault, L'Acadie The first permanent Acadian settle- no different than any other people as far des ancêtres; avec la généalogie des ment was begun in what is now the as the keeping of census, land, parish and (Continued on page 21) 20

Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ http://www.lagacereunion.org/genealogy.htm Lagasse/Lagace diers, armed with matchlock and flintlock Family Reunion muskets, to Canada to aid the settlers. André was 24 years old when he came to Canada on June 30, 1665. In the June 28-30, 2007 army he was called by his nickname, La Madawaska, Maine Gachette, which means “someone who can Calendar of Events shoot with abilities”, or “sharpshooter”. La Gachette eventually became Lagacé. The Lagasse/Lagace Family Re- During the winter of 1655-1656, union 2007 is being held in conjunction André was stationed in Quebec City. with the 30th Annual Acadian Festival. Between 1666-1667, his regiment joined Below are the family reunion the famous campaign against the Iro- events being held. For a complete list of quois, manning garrisons and launch- all events visit the Acadian Festival web- ing attacks. By the end of this period, site. Time and Place to be added soon. their task was accomplished and the countryside was peaceful. About 800 of Thursday, June 28, 2007 André Mignier was born in 1640 the soldiers went back to France at this Family Reunion Registration on Ré’s Island, off the coast of France to time, but 400 stayed with the promise Michel Mignier and Catherine Masson. of receiving land, including André. Talent Show Rehearsal He was a French soldier belonging Click here for a listing of the members to the Carignan Regiment (Company of the Carignan-Salières Regiment. Friday, June 29, 2007 ‘Allier/Lignieres), sent to Quebec in On October 14, 1668 André re- Family Reunion Registration 1665 by King Louis XIV to protect the ceived a piece of land located in Charles- French settlers from the marauding bands bourg, and on October 23, 1668, in Notre Talent Show of Iroguois Indians, who were raiding Dame Church of Quebec, Father Henri and slaughtering the early colonists. de Bernieres blessed the marriage of (email us if you have a talent you First Canadian settlement, 1541; Andre’ Mignier and Jacquette Michel. would like to perform) Jacques Cartier arrives in Stadacona (lo- In 1672 Andre received an ad- cated at the present site of Quebec City) ditional 15 acres for which he paid the Saturday, June 30, 2007 The Carignan regiment had been price of one chicken and a small amount Family Reunion Registration formed as a private army in 1644 by of money (15 sol en argent and 3 deniers) Thomas Francois de Savoie, Prince de to be paid once a year on Martin’s day. Family Reunion/Acadian Festival Carignan. It was an army made up of In 1685, he and his fam- Welcoming Ceremony hand-picked volunteers. The standards ily moved to Riviere-Ouelle, Quebec. were very high and these men had to be Includes a reenactment, family big and strong physically, with a strong reunion tree planting, family fighting spirit. They had just returned reunion monument from a successful engagement in the 1664 Hungarian campaign against the Turks, Family Reunion Mass when the King agreed to send the sol-

Family Reunion Community Genealogy is one of the fastest Meal (The Genealogy Corner contin- ued from page 20) growing hobbies in the United States and the world. Acadian genealogy is in the Fireworks premières familles acadiennes and forefront of this explosion of interest in Histoire et génélogie des Acadiens (6 family history . Because of this, it has Sunday, July 1, 2007 volumes, 1978). Invertaire général des become easier, as well as more reward- sources documentaries sur les Acadiens, ing, to research Acadian connections. Acadian Festival Parade also produced by the Centre d'études Acadiennes at the University of Monc- About the author: Charlie Fran- Email: [email protected] ton, can be of great help as well. For cis is a retired Maine High School Mail: Lagasse/Lagace Family Reunion information on Acadians who settled teacher. He taught at Searsport Dis- PO Box 194 specifically in Quebec, consult Adrien trict High School. He was born in St. David, ME 04773 Bergeron's Le grand arrangement des Portland during the war years, and acadiens au Québec (8 Volumes, 1981). currently lives in Belleisle, Nova Scotia. 21 Le Forum N.D.L.R. 1er installment de François Bélanger, soumis par Jim Bélanger, Hollis, NH.) maison même de Giffard renforce notre position. Les Langlois, les Cloutier, les François Bélanger et Marie Guyon, tous des engagés de Giffard, gravitent autour du seigneur de Beauport Guyon à Beauport (1634-1641) et de son épouse Marie Renouart qui Par Raymond Bélanger signe également à ce contrat de mariage. Ajoutons à cet indice que François est Pendant leur existence en terre Guyon, son futur beau-père, en qualité parrain le deux septembre 1637 d'Anne d’Amérique, de 1634 à 1696, années de maçon? Deux hypothèses sont alors Langlois, fille de Noël, qui reçoit de d’arrivée de François Bélanger et du imaginées. Laquelle retenir? Une pre- Giffard la même année sa concession décès de Marie Guyon, ce couple pion- mière, soutenue par Muriel Laroche- de 60 arpents en superficie (Lespinasse, nier habita successivement les seigneur- Montpetit, affirme qu'il s'est engagé 05-07-1637). Le fait également que Jean ies de Beauport, de Beaupré et de L’Islet- comme commis de la Cie des Cent As- Guyon, dans sa propre maison, ondoie Bonsecours. Mais avant de traiter du sociés et il serait demeuré à son arrivée son premier-né Charles en 1640, enfin séjour de François Bélanger à Beauport à Québec1. En ces temps difficiles de que Charles Giffard dit le « frippon » et entre 1634 et 1641, nous soulèverons communications, nous dit Adrien Pouliot, fils de Robert soit parrain de Charles nous certaines questions dont les réponses quand on devait trouver des témoins et permet de conclure avec une plus grande auraient été évidentes si nous possédi- des parrains à différents actes officiels, probabilité que François Bélanger est au ons encore aujourd’hui ses contrats service de Giffard dès les premières d’engagement, de mariage et les reg- années. De plus, il est engagé comme istres de la chapelle de Notre-Dame- maçon. Ainsi, à son mariage religieux de-Recouvrance brûlé en 1640 et où du 12 juillet 1637 et à celui du baptême François Bélanger s’est marié en d'Anne Langlois, le deux septembre 1637. La reconstitution de mémoire de cette même année, il est identifié de l’acte mentionnant seulement comme maçon. Nous serions étonnés le célébrant (Jérôme Lalemant) et qu'il soit un engagé de Jean Guyon les deux témoins (Letardif et Derré car celui-ci n'a jamais été un recruteur. de Gand) est lacunaire. Tous ces Un dernier indice appuyant non documents précieux nous auraient seulement la présence de François alors dévoilé son année de nais- Bélanger à Beauport et aussi qu’il sance, son lieu d’origine, le nom fut un engagé de Giffard est la carte de ses parents et de son recruteur de Jehan Bourdon de 1641 « depuis et aussi l’année de son embarque- Kébec jusqu’à Cap Tourmente ». ment pour la Nouvelle-France? Arpenteur, ingénieur, cartographe, Malgré ces lacunes dans les il indique sur cette carte une terre à sources, nous risquons, grâce à Château Richer au nom de François l’accumulation d’indices perti- Bélanger et de nombreuses autres à nents, certaines réponses se situant d’anciens engagés de Giffard. Ce dé- à la limite des faits vérifiables et placement de Beauport à la seigneurie de l’hypothèse. Par suite, le degré de Beaupré témoigne d’une rupture de vérité de cet essai alterne en- entre certains résidants de Beauport tre la certitude, la vraisemblance et Robert Giffard. Plusieurs habi- et une probabilité plus ou moins tants, inscrits sur cette carte, sont des grande. Cependant, ces réponses ont François Bélanger déserteurs de la seigneurie de Giffard : comme objectif d’éliminer l’erreur et (1612-1690 ou 1691) Zacharie Cloutier fils, Jean Guyon fils, d’accroître nos connaissances non seule- « on jetait les yeux sur des proches et Simon Guyon, Marin Boucher, Robert ment sur François Bélanger mais aussi des voisins ». En vertu de ce principe et Drouin. Une affaire de foin et de prai- sur la seigneurie de Beauport, ce qui jus- de l'addition de nombreux actes officiels ries, nous dit Adrien Pouliot, serait à tifie notre démarche et aussi sa critique. entre 1636 et 1640, il nous est permis de l’origine de cette rupture. La compagnie conclure que François Bélanger fut, dès le de Beaupré offrait à ses futurs censitaires Qui engage François Bé- début, dans l'entourage de Giffard et non des prés communs pour le pâturage des langer pour la Nouvelle-France? au magasin des Cent Associés à Québec. animaux alors que Giffard tardait à le La signature de François Bélanger à côté faire et les gardait pour lui. En 1652, François Bélanger s'est-il engagé de celles de nombreux engagés de Giffard celui-ci demandera des dédommage- pour la Cie des Cent Associés ou pour au contrat de mariage de Robert Drouin ments à la compagnie des Cent Associés Robert Giffard? Ou encore pour Jean et d'Anne Cloutier en juillet 1636 dans la (Suite page 23) 22 Vol. 33# 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (François Bélanger et Marie Guyon à le dit Sieur de Beauport a ses dépens là voulans travailler se rendront riches Beauport (1634-1641) suite de page les femmes des Guion et Cloutier avecq en peu de temps en ce Païs ou enfin 22) leurs autres enfants dans l’année que l’on ils pourront appeler leurs femmes ». 2 « pour perte de bétail et de serviteurs » . comptera mil six cent trente six, pour les « Un pays dont on commence la col- venir au dit pais et les y nourrir, et entre- onisation est d’abord un pays d’hommes, Quand François Bé - tenir leurs dites femmes et enfants…. ”. étant naturel que les femmes, ici favorisées langer et son épouse Ma - La plupart des auteurs (Dion, Tru- par la discrimination, n’arrivent en nom- rie Guyon arrivent-ils à Beauport? del, Léonidas Bélanger, Y. Caron) s’en bre qu’une fois les bases bien établies »8. tiennent à ce contrat pour fixer l’arrivée de À ces objections s’ajoute, au dire Qu’en est-il de l’année d’arrivée de Marie Guyon en 1636, ce dont Cambray et d’Edmond Giroux, celle d’une surcharge François Bélanger et de Marie Guyon? Campeau ne tiennent nullement compte. financière inutile de la part de Giffard. Nous sommes ici en terrain instable Celui-ci fixera l’arrivée de la famille de Pourquoi nourrir dès 1634 une famille en- 5 car « des 3106 immigrants entre 1632 Jean Guyon en 1635 et celui-là en 1634. tière, et ainsi « prendre le risque d’amener et 1663, Trudel a pu identifier l’année …La nouvelle que Giffard avait près de 12 bouches inutiles pour les deux 3 d’arrivée de 1039 de façon certaine » . passée des contrats avantageux avec premières années »? De plus, Giffard Est-ce en 1634 ou 1636 comme le pré- Le Boyer et Rosée-Cheffaut se répandit n’est nullement assuré que Guyon et tend Léonidas Bélanger? Pour nous, rapidement à Mortagne et les environs, Cloutier demeureront définitivement en en ce qui concerne François Bélanger, ce qui contribua à accentuer le mouve- Nouvelle-France une fois le contrat de même si sa présence en juillet 1636 en ment migratoire. Or Madame Giffard, trois ans terminé. En effet, Jean Guyon Nouvelle-France est attestée pour une usant de son influence auprès des épouses vendra ses deux maisons de Mortagne en première fois dans le contrat de mariage Cloutier et Guyon, des deux Boucher, ou 1645 et 1653, une fois que sa fille Barbe de Robert Drouin et d’Anne Cloutier, bien encore, un arrangement pécuniaire mariée à Pierre Paradis sera définitive- nous soutiendrons 1634 comme année verbal ou sous seing-privé survint-il entre ment installée en terre canadienne9. probable d’arrivée. En nous basant d’une les deux parties, ou bien encore som- Enfin, la preuve définitive que la part sur son mariage religieux de 1637 mes-nous en présence d’un revirement famille complète de Jean Guyon n’est et d’autre part sur le fait que les engagés dans l’esprit de ces dames qui ne purent pas à Beauport en 1634 vient de son fils de trente-six mois ne pouvaient jouir de se résigner à rester seules à Mortagne, François lorsqu’il exige, lors d’un procès leur liberté qu’après la fin de leur contrat, ainsi séparés de leurs maris, toujours en 1689 avec le deuxième seigneur de il nous semble plus plausible et vraisem- est-il que nous croyons que …….. ce Beauport, Joseph Giffard, de lui octroyer blable que 1634 soit la date d’arrivée de premier contingent comprit et se com- les deux milles arpents de terre que son François Bélanger. Ceci ne contredit pas posa des familles au complet de Giffard, père demandait en vertu du contrat de l’affirmation de Trudel car celui-ci fixe Guyon, Cloutier, des deux Boucher… Mortagne. François Guyon ajoute alors: l’arrivée de François en 1636, mais il (Cambray, Robert Giffard, p. 42.) « par lequel le dit deffunt seigneur de ne ferme pas l’hypothèse de 1634 car Cette hypothèse de Cambray, de beauport (Robert) s’est obligé de faire 6 il met un point d’interrogation à 1636. Campeau et aussi de Raymond Gariépy passer de France en ce pays la dite femme « Quant aux 94 engagés (sur 202) est fortement affaiblie d’une part par les et enfans»10. Quoi de plus explicite pour qui se marient, huit le font en deça de dates de naissance des enfants de Mathu- rappeler que Mathurine Robin n’était trois ans, six la troisième année et 80 rine Robin et de Jean Guyon et d’autre pas du voyage de 1634? Si elle avait fait après les trois ans. Les statistiques ainsi part par les témoignages du Père Lejeune la traversée avec son conjoint en cette présentées, il est donc vrai de dire que et de Marcel Trudel. L’intervalle de quatre année, il n’aurait pas été nécessaire d’en les engagés, du moins la grande ma- ans et demi entre la naissance de Michel, parler 50 ans plus tard. Elle et ses enfants jorité, prennent une terre et se marient né le trois mars 1634 à Mortagne et celle arriveront le 11 juin 1636 en compagnie 4 seulement leur contrat terminé… » . de Noël, né le 27 août 1638 à Beauport, d’une centaine de personnes dont la Qu’en est-il maintenant de l’année renforcerait donc la thèse de l’arrivée famille de Zacharie Cloutier11. Le mois d’arrivée de Marie Guyon en Nouvelle- en Nouvelle-France en 1636 des autres suivant, soit le 27 juillet, Anne Cloutier France? Est-ce en 1634 ou 1636? Cam- enfants de Jean Guyon et de Mathurine (11 ans) et Marie Guyon (12 ans) passe- 7 bray soutient que Marie Guyon est arrivée Robin . La thèse de Cambray est aussi ront avec Robert Drouin et François Bé- en Nouvelle-France en 1634, ce qui, pour affaiblie par les arguments d’autorité langer leur contrat de mariage. Une année nous, semble peu probable et en contra- du Père Le Jeune et de Marcel Trudel. s’écoule. Ces deux couples célébreront un diction avec le contrat d’engagement de « Un pauvre homme chargé de double mariage en l’église Notre-Dame- son père. En effet, ce contrat de Jean femmes et d’enfants ne doit point passer de-Recouvrance de Québec le 12 juillet. Guyon envers Giffard signé à Mortagne icy les premières années avec sa famille en mars 1634 devant maître Roussel af- … mais s’il se rencontrait de bons (Voir Vol. 33 #2 pour plus de firme que son épouse et ses enfants, sauf jeunes garçons ou hommes mariés bien François Bélanger et Marie le fils aîné Jean, rejoindront leur père en robustes, qui savent manier la hache, la Guyon à Beauport (1634-1641). 1636. “ …. mesme de faire passer par houe, la besche et la charue, ces gens

23 Le Forum N.D.L.R. This is the first installment of François Bélanger. Tourmente>. Surveyer, engineer, map maker, he indicates on this map a farm at François Bélanger et Marie Guyon à Chateau Richer under the name of Fran- çois Belanger and numerous other former Beauport (1634-1641) employees of Giffard. This migration By Raymond Belanger. from Beauport to the seigneurie of Beau- Translation by Jim and Armand Bélanger pre is witness to a breach between certain residents of Beauport and Robert Giffard. During their existence in North and, upon his arrival, he lived in Quebec Several farmers, inscribed on this map, America, from 1634 to 1696, the arrival . In those times of difficult communica- are deserters from Giffard’s seigneurie: year for François Belanger and the death tions, Adrien Pouliot tells us, when we Zacharie Cloutier (the son) Simon Guy- of Marie Guyon, this pioneer couple need to find witnesses and godparents on, Marin Boucher, Robert Drouin. The lived in the seigneuries of Beauport, for different official acts, . Pouliot, was the motive for this breach. order. But, before examining the stay Keeping this principle in mind and add- The Beaupre Company offered it tenant of François in Beauport between 1634 ing several official acts between 1636 and farmers ready pastures for their animals and 1641, we address certain questions 1640, allows us to conclude that François while Giffard held back and kept them where the answers would be evident if Belanger was, from the beginning, in the for himself. In 1652, he demanded com- we still had the contract of commitment company of Giffard and not at the One pensation from the Hundred Associates and the pre-nuptial agreements from the Hundred Associates store in Quebec. . registers of Notre Dame de Recouvrance The signature of François Belanger, next Chapel which burned in 1640 and where to that of other employees of Giffard on When did François Belanger and his François was married in 1637. The only the marriage contract of Robert Drouin wife, Marie Guyon, arrive in Beauport? information available from archives and Anne Cloutier in July 1636 in the simply gives the name of the celebrant home of the same Giffard, reinforces What was the arrival year of Fran- (Jerome Lealemant) and the two wit- our supposition. The Langlois, Cloutier çois Belanger and Marie Guyon? We nesses (Letardif & Derre de Gand) and Guyon, all employees of Giffard, as- are on unstable ground, here, as “of 3106 which lacks detail. All these precious sociate around the seigneur of Beauport immigrants between 1632 and 1663, documents would have revealed his birth and his wife, Marie Renouart, who also Trudel was only able to verify the arrival year, his residence of origin, the names signs this marriage contract. Add to this year of 1039 with any certainty? Was of his parents and his sponsor as well as the fact that François is the godfather, it 1634 or 1636 as asserted by Leonidas the year of his departure for New France. on the second of September 1637, to Belanger? For our purposes, even though Despite this lack of source in- Anne Langlois, daughter of Noel, who François Belanger’s presence is recorded formation, we dare provide answers receives from Giffard the same year a in New France in a marriage contract for from pertinent indexes accumulated, concession of land totaling an area of Robert Drouin and Anne Cloutier in July limited by verifiable events mixed 60 arpents (Lespinasse, 05-07-1637). 1636, a 1634 year of arrival is accept- with, more or less a strong dose of Adding to this the fact, that Jean Guyon, able. Based on the religious marriage hypothesis. Therefore, these answers in his own home, baptizes his first born in 1637 and on the fact that engaged have the objective of eliminating error son, Charles, in 1640, and that Charles couples had to wait 36 months before and expand our knowledge, not only of Giffard aka and son of Rob- the end of final obligations of the mar- François Belanger but also regarding ert is godfather of Charles, permits us riage contract, it seems more probable the seigneurie of Beauport, which ends to conclude, with a large probability and reasonable that 1634 is the year of justifies our approach and this review. of accuracy, that François Belanger is arrival for François Belanger. This does employed by Giffard from the first years not contradict Trudel since he claims Who hires François Be - of his arrival. In addition, he makes his 1636 as the arrival year for François langer for New France? livelihood as a mason. As it were, at his while allowing for a 1634 arrival with a religious marriage on 12 July 1637 and at possibility that it might be as late as 1636. Was François Belanger hired for the baptism of Anne Langlois, on the sec- “ Of the 94 engaged couples (of the Company of One Hundred Associates ond of September of the same year, he is 202) that marry, eight do so within or to work for Robert Giffard? Or, even listed as a mason. We would be surprised three years, six wait the full three years still, for Jean Guyon, his future father-in- to find that he is an employee of Jean and eighty marry after the three years. law, as a mason? This brings us to imag- Guyon since Jean never was a recruiter. Statistics found show that it is correct ine two hypothetical cases. Which one do A final indicator which supports not to say that the majority of engaged we believe? The first, brought forward only the presence of François Belanger at couples take a farm and marry only by Muriel Laroche-Montpetit, maintains Beauport and also that he is an employee after their contract is terminated. .” that he was hired as an assistant for the of Giffard is the map of Jehan Bourdon Company of One Hundred Associates in 1641

Mariage double: Robert Drouin et Jeanne Cloustier; François Bellenger et Marie Guyon Paroisse NOTRE-DAME de QUÉBEC LE 12 DE JUILLET 1637 25 Le Forum bishop of the Diocese of Springfield,” THE IMMACULATE would not sign the necessary paperwork for those funds to be disbursed, (since he would loose control) continuing to cite CONCEPTION CHURCH higher amounts of monies needed for a by Joe Melanson complete restoration, but while dangling Springfield, MA the carrot of a new smaller, more eco- nomical church as a lure away from our intention to restore the original structure. The Immaculate Conception tractors, engineers, and architects to find The preservation fund had Church was once a remarkable piece of this alternative, the preservation commit- also sought to purchase the church for architecture and an irrevocable testament tee and numerous companies were enthu- a large sum of money; an offer that was to the faith of many Franco-Americans siastic and honored to be able to help in never considered. We even proposed to living in Holyoke, Massachusetts. The the quest. After concluding that it would renovate the church without the assis- church was erected in 1927 and staffed cost less than $500,000.00 to restore the tance of the diocese or its funds, or the by the Missionaries of La Salette, whose church inside and out, Father Aherne church’s own funds. But that was even core value, “Guard of out of the question. Sanctuaries,” would Requesting soon become any- the assistance of the thing but guarding. Vatican, a 101 page I n 2 0 0 3 , appeal was submit- Father James Aherne ted for review by M.S., had just taken the Congregation for up his pastoral du- the Clergy. In reply, ties at the church, Archbishop Csaba and following his ar- Ternyak wrote, “After rival, received word carefully examining from his predeces- the facts involved in sors that a church the decision of the renovation study had Bishop of Springfield, been completed by it would appear he a local architectural has acted within the firm. Their study law and with due rea- revealed the obvi- son within his law- ous- repairs were ful governance of needed, but the $1.8 thought is was necessary to have diocesan the Diocese of Springfield.” There- million dollar price tag would exhaust the lawyers step in, to further facilitate his fore, this dicastery does not deem church’s funds. Father Aherne’s shocking original idea, when I, as parish organist that any action on its part is either solution was to tear the church down and and preservation committee president. necessary or appropriate at this time.” build a new one, which would be more “This is to inform you that you are not Law suits were filed to hinder economically manageable, a plan enthu- authorized to directly or indirectly hold demolition plans of demolition were later siastically approved by the local bishop. yourself out as representing the Parish denied or withdrawn. Parishioners who Many of the parishioners were in any capacity, and particularly with wanted to save their church- were barred outraged that this La Salette pastor, a respect to your efforts to preserve the from attending parish council meetings; “Guard of Sanctuaries,” would have the Church. You are only to use your key our local historical commission chair church destroyed. What was he thinking? to enter the Church for reasons related woman was even physically assaulted There had to be a solution to the problem, to your duties as organist.” Thankfully, by Father Aherne while attending a coun- other than the destruction of a priceless the renovation proposal was submit- cil meeting. “These individuals have treasure. And so parishioners formed a ted just eight days later. Re-entering misrepresented the desire of the parish preservation committee to find an alterna- the church was no longer my concern. and this parish council,” Father Aherne tive, for the pastor and bishop to consider. The work and research of the writes in a letter to our bishop. Further- Several solutions were presented to not preservation committee had yielded more, the former bishop of Springfield, only preserve the church building, but positive results including the securing Thomas L. Dupre, had said, “The sad but also the French heritage in Holyoke of enough funds to more than accom- stark reality is that Immaculate Concep- for the remaining Franco-Americans plish the work. These would come from tion Parish has a very small number of and to welcome them all as members. many agencies, privet, government, and Meeting with over twenty con- others, but the “owner of said property, (Continued on page 27) 26 Vol. 33# 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ 25 Years of the 9 8 1 P a r k FCGSC: Part Street, Hartford, the former home of the French Social Circle, One, the Library and today home for By Albert J. the Iglesia Bautista Marceau Hispana. Photo by Newington, CT Albert J. Marceau, Oct. 11, 2006.” The French-Canadian Genealogi- cal Society of Connecticut was legally incorporated as a non-stock corporation in the State of Connecticut on July 17, 1981. The nine founding members listed indebted to Paul Burns, President, the and less than one mile north of Exit in the Certificate of Incorporation are Board of Directors, and the membership 68 off of Interstate 84. According to President Henri Carrier, Vice-President for the magnificent assistance in this Harold Weigold’s Tolland: The History Marcel Guerard, Recording Secretary undertaking. All were most pleased to of an Old Connecticut Post Road Town, Paul Hebert, Secretary Lorraine J. receive us and we are hopeful that this the building dates from 1822, and was Harlow, Treasurer Ethel Hodgdon, and association will be mutually beneficial used as a courthouse until 1892, and in Directors Lionel DeRagon, Paul Quintin, to both organizations.” The newsletter 1898, Mrs. Hamilton R. Downing and Leon Guimond, and Laurette Billig. The also announced that the library hours 24 other women formed the Tolland same document gave the date of the first were Saturdays, 1-5PM, and Mondays Public Library Association. The follow- meeting of the organization as June 13, and Wednesdays 6-9PM, and that the ing year, 1899, the former courthouse 1981, and the business address was the society itself had few books, for: “Many (Continued on page 28)) home of Secretary Lorraine Harlow on 29 members are loaning us their repeteroires Glastonbury Avenue in Rocky Hill, Conn. for library use to supplement our meager (The Immaculate Conception Church The Certificate of Incorporation also re- collection until the society is financially continued from page 26) vealed the twelve goals of the FCGSC, able to purchase them. Therefor[e], we parishioners and the parish has a pastor two of which have a clear reference to ask that you be extremely careful with only because a priest from the Mis- creation of a library, which are the first: the use of the books.” Patrick Lausier, sionaries of La Salette, from outside the “to establish a genealogical library for the treasurer of the FCGSC after Ethel diocese has come specifically to minister the use of those interested in the subject,” Hodgdon, was the contact between the to the Spanish community in that part of and the tenth: “to establish and maintain two organizations, and he said in an Holyoke.” What about the rest of us? a reference library & research center interview on June 19, 2006, that the Sadly, Father Aherne was for the benefit of members.” The sixth French Social Circle never charged the never suited to become pastor of this goal has the implied goal of a library, FCGSC rent for the space for the library. parish. Under different circumstances, and it is the only goal of the twelve that The earliest logbook of visitors to the a priest and who formerly served here has a reference to the ethnic focus of FCGSC began on April 23, 1984, and would have gladly returned as pastor, the genealogical society: “to provide a for the remainder of that year, there were but could not due to the ill health of his common access by and for [A]mericans 411 visitors to the library. In 1985, there out-of-state parents. He nevertheless and others with Canadian origins.” were 561 visitors, and in 1986, there were supported us in our efforts and earned The first home for the library of the 613, although the last two months of 1986 the gratitude and respect of all of us. FCGSC was a spare room in the building were in the second location of the FCGSC With the destruction of Im- of the French Social Circle on 981 Park library. In 1995, the French Social Circle maculate Conception Church, one of Street in Hartford, an organization often relocated to 373 Main Street in East the finest French gothic churches in called “The French Club” among mem- Hartford, across the street from Pratt and Western MA-the Franco-American bers of the FSC and the FCGSC to this Whitney International Aero Engines, and community in Holyoke has lost the last day. The real name of the FSC is “Cercle the building at 981 Park Street, Hartford, vestige of its religious cultural heritage. Social Francais,” and it was founded in became the Iglesia Bautista Hispana. Immaculate Conception was the last of 1925 in Hartford. In the fourth surviv- The second home for the library the three French-related parishes in this ing newsletter of the FCGSC, dated June of the FCGSC is on the first floor of the city. It’s a sad consequence of our time. 10, 1982, one can read: “Thanks to the Old Tolland County Courthouse on 53 generosity of the French Social Club Tolland Green, on route 195, near the www.immaculateconcep- [sic] we have a library. We are deeply junction of route 74 in Tolland, Conn., tionpreservationfund.org 27 Le Forum (25 Years of the FCGSC: Part One, the the society’s sole honorary member. public.) The hours that the library was Library continued from page 27) The new location had a positive open at the new location were similar became the functioning public library effect on the number of visitors to the to those at the French Social Circle, for Tolland, and remained so until 1985 library, as shown in the logbook of for in the December 1986 issue of the when the town library moved to the Hicks visitors to the library of the FCGSC that Connecticut Maple Leaf, they were Sat- Memorial and Municipal Center at 21 began on Mon. April 23, 1984. For the urdays 9AM to 4PM, and Mondays and Tolland Green. On Oct. 25, 1986, Henri year 1984, which is incomplete, there Wednesdays 4 to 8PM. In 1987, the first Carrier announced in a newsletter to the were a total of 411 visitors to the library, full year of the library in the Old Tolland membership that: “FCGSC’s Research in 1985, 561 visitors, and in 1986, 613 County Courthouse, there were 1,221 Center & Library has moved from the visitors. (The term “visitors” includes visitors, nearly double the total number French Social Club [sic] in Hartford patrons and librarians who signed the log of visitors for the previous year. For the to larger quarters in historic Tolland, on the days that the library was open to same two years, the library was open 185 days in 1987, so the daily average of visitors per day was 6.6, an increase over the daily average for 1986, which was open for 126 days, for an average of 4.87 visitors per day. In 1988, there was a minor drop in visitors, 1,186, which was followed by five years of steady growth: 1,296 in 1989; 1,534 in 1990; 1,551 in 1991; 1,682 in 1992; 2,242 in 1993. The most dramatic increase of pa- trons to the FCGSC library occurred dur- ing the years 1992 and 1993. In 1992, the library was open 187 days, and in 1993, it was open 184 days, so the daily average of visitors to the library in 1992 was 8.99, which increased to 12.18 in 1993. The reason for the increase of 560 visitors in 373 Main Street, East Hartford, the current home of the French 1993 was due to an announcement by the Social Circle. Photo by Albert J. Marceau, Oct. 11, 2006. Mashantucket Pequot Indian Tribe, who had just opened the Foxwoods Casino in Connecticut.” He called the building: “the former Old Tolland Library, listed on the National Register of Historical Buildings” and he wrote that the official opening of the library was on Sat. Nov. 1, from 9AM to 5PM, and Sun. Nov. 2, from 9AM to 4PM. The FCGSC shared the first floor of the Old Tolland County 53 Tolland Green, the Courthouse with the Tolland Genealogi- Old Tolland County cal Library, founded by Prescott Libbey Courthouse, where the Brown. According to Paul Keroack, first floor is the current who is the third editor of the Con- home of the FCGSC necticut Maple Leaf, the two founders Library. Photo by Albert of the two libraries could often be heard J. Marceau, Oct. 11, 2006. teasing each other about the opposing sides of their ancestors, for Prescott Brown was Canadian English, born in Compton, PQ, and Henri Carrier was Canadian French, born in Sherbrooke, PQ. Proof that the rivalry between the two founders were little more than jokes is that Prescott Brown later donated the books of the Tolland Genealogical Library to the FCGSC, and he became (Continued on page 29)) 28 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (25 Years of the FCGSC: Part One, the years showed meager growth for visitors per week at the CSL, Mon-Fri. 9-5, and Library continued from page 28) to the library, 2,054 in 2000; 2,073 in Sat. 9-2.) The fourth and most important 2001, and 2,188 in 2002. Then a steady cause in the decline in attendance at the Ledyard, Conn., that they were willing to decline in visitors, 2,045 in 2003; 1,594 FCGSC Library is the cost of gasoline. accept members into their tribe, so long in 2004, and 1,328 in 2005, with a notice- The FCGSC Library in the Old Tolland as individuals could prove their ancestry. able drop in visitors in July 2005, when County Courthouse is less than one mile During this period, one could hear talk the price of gasoline spiked nationally north of Exit 68 on I-84, so it has easy from the new patrons of a need to search to approximately $3.50 a gallon. The access by car, but Tolland is in the outer for an Indian grandmother. After the Pe- decline in visitors to the library continued suburbs of Hartford, and the town does quots made the announcement, copies of in 2006, with 983 visitors to the library not offer public transportation. Also, Black Roots in Southeastern Connecticut, in 181 days, or 5.43 visitors per day, Tolland is not near an historic Franco- 1650-1900 by Barbara W. Brown and the lowest average since 1986 since the American center, so it is necessary for all James M. Rose, which has patrons to drive to the FCGSC significant information on Library. Thus, the second home Pequot genealogy, were be- for the FCGSC Library is a ing stolen from genealogical rooted in a car-based culture. libraries throughout Connecti- In conclusion, the Old cut, a fact told to me in the Tolland County Courthouse will mid-1990s by Donna Siemiat- remain the home of the FCGSC koski, a professional genealo- Library for the foreseeable gist and member of FCGSC. future. Because of the decline The search for Pequot in attendance at the library, the ancestry lessened in 1994, for rising costs of heating oil and there was a drop in visitors to gasoline, and the projected 54 the FCGSC Library, 2,091. percent increase in the cost of Then there were two years Left to right: Henri Carrier, Leo DeRagon, and electricity due to deregulation of growth, 2,431 in 1995 and Prescott Libbey Brown, outside the Old Tolland County in Connecticut, the board of 2,557 in 1996, the peak year Courthouse. Photo, Archives of FCGSC, dated Nov. 1986. the FCGSC no longer has the for patrons to the FCGSC optimism of the mid-1990s, Library, with 12.19 visitors per day, over FCGSC Library in Tolland first opened. when it seriously spoke of moving the 197 days. The crest in patronage is due The directors of FCGSC have library to another location with a bigger to an article in the New York Times that not examined the causes in the decline building within the State. Currently, the profiled the FCGSC Library, published of visitors to the FCGSC Library. One FCGSC has a symbiotic relationship with on Sun. Jan. 21, 1996 in the Connecti- cause is the ever-increasing use of the the owner of the building, the Tolland cut section, “When the Family’s from internet for genealogical research which Historical Society, which is obligated to French Canada” by Bill Ryan. Most began in the mid-1990s. However, new rent the building to an organization that of the new patrons came from south- patrons have joined the society and used is non-profit and has a library. In turn, western Connecticut and New Jersey. the FCGSC Library because they viewed the FCGSC is charged a modest rent The following three years showed the society’s website. A second cause is in which the owner pays a percentage a decline, 2,364 in 1997; 2,220 in 1998; the Bisaillon Collection in the History of the expenses for oil and electricity and 2,050 in 1999. Ironically, the board and Genealogy Unit at the Connecticut since it too uses the building. Also, the of directors of FCGSC decided to in- State Library in Hartford, which is a Town of Tolland maintains the parking crease the library hours from 18 hours collection of about 1,000 books on the lot in back of the Old Tolland County per week, to 24 hours per week, keeping topics of genealogy and history of French Courthouse, at no charge to FCGSC, the weekend hours the same as before, Canada. The said collection nearly dupli- a great convenience during the winter. and increasing Mondays and Wednesday cates one-third to one-half of the FCGSC Despite its lack of optimism of the to 1-8PM. The increased hours were an- Library, and it was willed to the CSL by a previous decade, the Board of FCGSC nounced to the membership by Rolande former member of the FCGSC, Robert R. does enjoy a good working relationship Clark, a director of FCGSC and Member- Bisaillon, who died on Oct. 25, 1994. A with the Tolland Historical Society. ship chair, in a letter dated January 21, third cause is that the board of the FCGSC In the next installment, the nine 1998. What is unstated in the letter is that voted to cut the library hours from 24 per founders of the FCGSC will be profiled. Rolande was also the Monday librarian week to 18 per week, a policy that began who kept the library open from 1-8PM on Jan. 2, 2006, when the evening hours on Mondays several months before the of Mondays and Wednesday were cut board of directors decided to make the from 1-8PM to 1-5PM. (In contrast, the change official. The following three Bisaillon Collection is available 45 hours 29 Le Forum Sitcha Case Goes to Court of Appeals; BOOKS/LIVRES... He Will Be Confirmed in Jail Autobiography of a French-Canadian Nurse: By Albert J. Marceau “Yes, Father”

Newington, CT by Juliana L’Heureux, Topsham, On Fri., April 27, 2007, the Circuit ME Court of Appeals in New York City will (Taken from Késsin - review the Writ of Habeas Corpus filed nimek - Roots - Racines, Volume by Richard Sitcha in May 2005. The 5 Issue 2, February 2007 Février) hearing is before three judges, and it is photo by Felix Siewe open to the public, but Sitcha will not be Family autobiographies are heir- present. Attorney Kevin Hoffkins will looms, especially when authors publish of whom will also be baptized during the represent Sitcha at the hearing, and the to- their stories. Although family possessions ceremony. Sitcha is a convert to Catholi- tal time for oral arguments is 16 minutes, may erode with advancing age, an autobi- cism, being raised in a Protestant family eight minutes for the prosecution and ography will find its way into the heart of in the Cameroon, and he was baptized eight minutes for the defense. Attorney an extended family and contribute to the in the Catholic Church and had his First Hoffkins will argue that the Immigration ongoing oral history. Publishing family Communion while in high school. Since Judge in Hartford was wrong to re-open stories was a formidable task in 1979, it is necessary to prove that he had the the case after Sitcha was granted asylum when Alvine Cyr Gahagan published two sacraments, and the documentation by the same court. He will also argue “Yes, Father”, in the first person. Cyr’s being in the Cameroon, Sitcha’s teacher that the Dept. of Homeland Security did daughter, Yvonne Cyr Bresnahan, of from high school, Br. Daniel Croteau not provide affidavits as necessary under Bedford, NH, recently sent me a copy of e.c., who now resides in Quebec, wrote to law in the re-opening of the case, and her mother’s published autobiography. the Archdiocese of Boston and validated that the information provided by DHS is Alvine Cyr Gahagan, R.N., Bres- that Sitcha received the said sacraments. unreliable, for the consular investigator nahan’s mother, was a French-Canadian The confirming bishop is the Most. Rev. at the U.S. Embassy in Douala, Camer- who worked during the 1930’s as a public John Anthony Dooher, who was conse- oon, spoke to the attorney for Madame health nurse in Alberta, Canada. More than crated as a bishop in the Archdiocese of Kouatu, and not Madame Kouatu herself an autobiography, “Yes Father” is also an Boston on Dec. 12, 2006, and who is an who knows Sitcha. Such evidence is accurately documented historical account Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General of called “hearsay upon hearsay,” which is of how people lived and died in the years the South Region in the Archdiocese. not legally used in removal proceedings. before ambulances, emergency medical Richard Sitcha is a refugee from The role of Circuit Court of Appeals is to services, antibiotics or advanced medical the Cameroon because he aided the judge whether or not the proper and legal technology. In fact, Cyr hardly had the families of the Bepanda Nine, who were procedure was followed in the re-open- resource of a telephone during the 1930’s nine youths murdered in January 2001 ing of Sitcha’s asylum status in 2003. when she practiced nursing in Alberta. by the paramilitary police force called The most likely decision by the Cir- This autobiography also highlights the Douala Operational Command. The cuit Court of Appeals is that Sitcha’s case the warm family relationships of a typi- crime that one of the Nine committed will be remanded to the Bureau of Immi- cal French-Canadian and her upbringing. was the theft of a gas can. The families gration Appeals, a process that could take Cyr was born on November 21, 1910, of the Nine knew their sons were ar- years. If the court makes this decision, an at home delivery. Her autobiogra- rested, but they were never released, the Sitcha Defense Committee in Green- phy describes a birthing room of the nor their bodies recovered. Sitcha, who field, Mass., will raise funds for Sitcha to era and a detailed sequence of events worked in the court in Douala, aided be released on bond. It is also possible whereby her family took responsibility the families by uncovering information that the Circuit Court could uphold the ar- with helping the physician who came and discreetly releasing it to them and gument of DHS and deport Sitcha, or en- to her home in time for her delivery. to the Archdiocese of Douala. Cardinal tirely dismiss the case, and release Sitcha. The Canadian government consid- Tumi, of the said Archdiocese, spoke out Whatever the decision by the Cir- ers my mother’s autobiography to be one against the murders. Two of the Nine cuit Court, the next day, Sat. April 28, of a few true historical books about a are Charles and Elysee Kouatou, and Richard Sitcha will receive the Sacra- public health nurse who covers a radius their mother is Madame Kouatou, who ment of Confirmation in the Jail Chapel of two hundred miles on dogsled,” writes of the Plymouth County Correctional knows Sitcha. Sitcha himself fled the Facility, along with three other men, one Cameroon in April 2001 to save his life. (Continued on page 31) 30 Vol. 33 #1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ Un peu de POÉSIE/ La malle POETRY The Trunk Il est presque minuit au cadran des années It is almost midnight on the dial of the years Je vide mes tiroirs des objets surannés I clear my drawers of dated souvenirs Qui, en leur temps, si beaux, si neufs, si modernes That, in their time, so beautiful, so new, so modern Donnaient aux plus anciens un reflet un peu terne Made the older ones appear colorless

Je revois le passé en médaillons d’ivoire I see the past in ivory medallions Ici notre mariage et là un nouveau-né Here our wedding and there a newborn Et puis de longs voyages et la douceur des soirs Then a few long trips and the evenings sweetness Et la joie des enfants qui, près de nous, jouaient And our children’s joy, playing around us

Sur ce papier jauni, tu inscrivis: “Je t’aime” On that yellowed paper, you wrote, “I love you” En fait de signature, au bas du petit mot Instead of a signature below the short note Que tu m’avais écrit peut-être le jour même That you wrote to me perhaps the same day Où tu m’avais offert un album en cadeau When you gave me the album as a gift

Je le ferme à présent et pose tendrement I now close it and place it tenderly Parmi bien des mots chers qui viennent des enfants Among dear notes written by the children Parmi maintes reliques léguées par nos parents Among many relics given by our parents Dans cette malle ancienne dont la clé est d’argent. In that ancient trunk of which the key is gold

Avant de la fermer, j’égrène les pétales Before closing it, I scatter the petals Des roses conservées dans du papier de soie Of the roses I kept between layers of silk Qui souvent m’ont fait croire à des amours totales They often made me think of a love that’s total Ce qui n’était pas faux, puisqu’elles venaient de toi Which was not false, since they came from you

Mais comment décider ce qu’il nous faut en faire But how to decide what we are to do De cette malle prête à traverser le fleuve? Of that trunk ready to cross the river La livrer au courant ou laisser en arrière Leave it up to the tide or keep it on shore Pour qu’un jour un enfant ajoute des choses neuves For a child, one day, to add new souvenirs?

Michelle Goriou Barany Translated by Ross W. Winterowd Fountain Valley, California Huntington Beach, California

("Yes Father", Continued from page 30) Some of Cyr’s frontier patients son detailed recollections about daily life her daughter. “My mother even designed could not be treated with antibiot- during an era when communications were the blue and gold leaf design cover of her ics in the 1930s’ because they were nearly always carried by oral messengers. autobiography. It’s a rough map, contain- not available. For example, she de- Moreover, it’s inspirational because Cyr ing landmark symbols, representing the scribes how one young boy died in her is a professional nurse who intelligently trail she followed with a dogsled when arms suffering from spinal meningitis. helps people to care for themselves. she was home nursing. She delivered A highly coveted endorsement for People interested in purchas- babies, pulled teeth, set bones, cut toe Cyr’s autobiography came from Margaret ing a copy of her mother’s book nails and maintained a sense of dedica- Mitchell, the famous author of “Gone “Yes Father” can contact Cyr at her tion to the public. All the while, she kept With the Wind”. Cyr originally rote to e-mail: [email protected] her sense of humor”, adds Cyr. “My Mitchell asking for advice about writing mother’s personal narratives were my her autobiography. Mitchell responded on bedside stories growing up,” she says. February 17, 1941, by thanking Cyr for “Yes Father” also contains 52 photos. her query and the compliments she gave In one photograph taken at her office in about “Gone With the Wind”. Mitchell 1935, Cyr wore a public health nurse’s adds, “I have a firm belief that books uniform with a starched white collar. An about personal experiences are better office sign reads, “Miss A. Cyr, District books if they are written by the ones to Nurse” painted on a wooden clap board whom the experiences happen”. Mitch- sided building called Tangent Cottage, ell’s actual letter to her mother is framed with curtains hanging in an old fashioned and hanging in the Bresnahan home. double hung colonial window. She’s “Yes Father” is an enjoyable autobi- pictured with a dog from her sled team. ography because it’s packed with first per- 31 Le Forum Acadian Redemption BOOKS/LIVRES... Acadian Redemption, the first biog- Crown in 1990. This Petition was success- raphy of an Acadian exile, defines the 18th fully resolved on December 9, 2003 by the century society of Acadian into which Joseph signing of the Queen’s Royal Proclamation. Beausoleil Broussard was born, in 1702. The * The author, Warren A. Perrin, is an book tells of his early life events and militant attorney with the Lafayette law firm of Perrin, struggles with the British who had for years Landry, deLaunay, Dartex and Ouellet, an Ad- wanted to lay claim to the Acadians’ rich land. junct Professor at the University of Louisiana in Subsequent chapters discuss the epic odyssey Lafayette, founder of the Acadian Museum of during which Beausoleil led a group of one Erath and President of CODOFIL, the Council hundred ninety-three Acadians from Nova for the Development of French in Louisiana. Scotia to Louisiana, the new Acadia, with the * The book contains an instructive hope that his beloved Acadian culture would 500-year chronology of influencial historical survive. The last half of the book discusses the events which helped to develop, shape and ul- repercussions of Beausoleil’s life that resulted timately create the Cajun culture of Louisiana. in the evolution of the Acadian culture into * The book contains a copy of what is now called the “Cajun” culture and Queen Elizabeth ll’s Royal Proclamation. how it led to a eighth generation Beausoleil * All of the proceeds from Ordering Information: Make Check descendant, Warren A. Perrin, to bring a the sale of the book will be donat- or Money Order payable to Acadian Mu- Petition seeking an apology from the British ed to the Acadian Museum of Erath. seum, include your name, address, city, postal code and phone number and send to Price of Book: $20.00 (USA or Canadian) each Acadian Museum/Book Order, 203 South Reproduction of Royal Proclamation: $5.00 each Broadway, Erath, Louisiana, 70533 Tele- Beausoleil T-Shirts: $15.00 each (Indicate size; medium, large, or extra large phone (337) 937-5468 or (337) 233-5832 Add $4.00 for shipping and handling Histoire d’un rêve brisé. Les Can- adiens français aux États-Unis celui de leurs enfants, l’anglicisation et l’assimilation apparaissent non comme un échec, mais comme une réussite. Ils voient dans leur histoire une heureuse évolution qui a fait d’eux des Améri- cains d’origine canadienne-française. Deux lectures différentes d’un même passé. Yves Roby dresse le portrait de l’épopée des Canadiens français en Nouvelle-Angleterre et explique ce qu’il est advenu de leurs projets et de leurs Canuck and Other rêves. Il nous donne matière à réflexion Stories Translations sur l’histoire du Canada français, sur Au début du XXe siècle, près l’évolution de la Franco-Américanie et sur de la moitié de la population d’origine l’avenir des francophonies américaines. Rhea Côté Robbins, Editor canadienne-française vivait à l’extérieur Né à Québec en 1939, Yves Roby a Canuck, by Camille Lessard Bis- du Québec, en Nouvelle-Angleterre pour fait des études à l’Université Laval, à la sonnette, (1883-1970), translated by la plupart. Cette saignée démographique Sorbonne et à l’Université de -Rochester, Sue Huseman and Sylvie Charron, is aurait pu contribuer à l’établissement à New York,où il a obtenu un Ph. D.Il a a book which reflects the French Ca- d’une société francophone vigoureuse fait carrière à l’Université Laval. Il apub- nadian immigration experience from et dynamique aux États-Unis. Mais, au lié plusieurs livres et de nombreux articles a young woman’s point of view. The milieu des années 1970, le dominicain sur l’histoire du Québec et des États-Unis. protagonist, Vic, is a very modern young Thomas-Marie Landry signera l’acte woman who sets out to accomplish 150 pages many things in her new country, the U.S. de décès de ce rêve pieux tandis que Indexed La Jeune Franco-Américaine, les élites franco-américaines considér- 19.95$ The Young Franco-American by Al- eront cette tentative comme un échec. ISBN 2-89448-517-4 berte Gastonguay, (1906-1978), trans- Toutefois, pour ceux qui ont choisi 2007 lated by Madeleine C. Paré Roy, is a study of the life of a young woman de s’installer aux États-Unis d’abord et Publisher : Septentrion avant tout pour améliorer leur sort et http://www.septentrion.qc.ca (Continued on page 33) 32 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ BOOKS/LIVRES... A Maine Franco-American and Acadian Reader Book Description: Dozens of voices celebrate--in Michaud, Ross and Judy Paradis, Su- essays, stories, plays, poetry, songs, and sann Pelletier, John Martin, Béatrice art--the Franco-American and Acadian Craig, Michael Parent, Linda Pervier, experience in Maine. They explore sub- Alaric Faulkner, Ray Levasseur, Yves jects as diverse as Quebec-Maine frontier Frenette, Paul Paré, Yvon Labbé, Rev. history, immigrant drama, work, geneal- Clement Thibodeau, Bob Chenard, Denis ogy, discrimination, women, community Ledoux, Josée Vachon, Greg Chabot, affairs, religion, archeology, politics, Jean-Paul Poulain, Stewart Doty, Rhea literature, language, and humor. The Côté Robbins, and many others. This voices, themselves, are equally diverse, is a rich resource and an engaging including Norman Beaupré, Michael read, one that will resonate with many. Published: June 2007 Author: John Madore (Editor) ISBN-10: 0884482944 http://www.allbookstores.com/au- & Barry Rodrigue (Editor) ISBN-13: 9780884482949 thor/Barry_Rodrigue.html Format: Paperback List Price: $30.00 A Time Of Trouble by Thomas LaPointe Thomas LaPointe was born in the changing homes with people from northern Maine town of Van Buren. He England, France and the Netherlands. graduated from U Maine in 1960 with a BA Thomas is a serious golfer and a in Government. He also served in the US devoted baseball fan. He enjoys New Army Corps of Engineers from 1953-55. Orleans jazz and the band Shovelhead. Thomas served as town man- On October 5, 1979, the Human and ager of the Maine towns of Carmel Civil Rights Association of NJ presented and Thomaston, and was city man- him with their annual recognition award ager of Rockland. He would go on to “for exemplary efforts in promoting spend over 32 years in that profession. human and civil rights in New Jersey.” In 1968, he was appointed manager A Time of Troubleis a firsthand To Order: Cloonfadpress.com of Lakewood, NJ, where he served for 25 account from the frontlines of the ra- By Phone: 732-833-9800 years. Unofficially, this was close to a tenure cial tensions that wreaked mayhem Barnes & Noble record for longevity in one municipality. and violence in Lakewood in the late Amazon.com He & his wife Doris have been 1960s and early 1970s. As always, the Books A Million married 45 years and have 5 chil- surface is the wrong place to look for dren and 6 grandchildren. Since retire- the cause of such things. LaPointe takes http://www.cloonfadpress.com/ ment, Thomas and Doris have spent us directly to the multiple sources-the LaPointe.html a considerable part of their time ex- ultimate causes of A Time of Trouble. (Canuck continued from page 32) To purchase by by credit card, who is seeking her way in the world. Paypal, visit this link http://www.rhet- Avalilable from Alibris.com She meets many suitors and comes apress.com/SalesbyRhetapress.html Available from AbeBooks.com to the conclusion of a satisfactory end- BookSurge Publishing ing in the ways of traditional culture. Books available locally at: Françaises d’Amérique, Frenchwomen (September 28, 2006), Rheta Press BookMarc’s Paperback: 290 pages of North America by Corinne Roche- 78 Harlow St leau Rouleau, (1881-1963), trans- Bangor, ME 04401 L a n g u a g e : E n g l i s h lated by Jeannine Bacon Roy, is a I S B N : 0 9 6 6 8 5 3 6 2 8 one act play which features the hero- To Order, Available online: L i s t P r i c e : $ 1 8 . 9 9 ines who helped settle New France. This play proves their presence on Available from Amazon.com the North American continent and is as Available from Borders.com fresh today as the day it was first presented. Available from Target.com 33 Le Forum Announcing a new Audio Book

EVANGELINE: A Tale of Acadie

By

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Read by Layne Longfellow

Unabridged on 2 CDs $29.95

Evangeline is the soulful story of young lovers separated during the deportation of Acadians from their homeland in 1755. It is, as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow said, “…the best illustration of faithfulness and the constancy of woman…” as Evan- geline spends her life searching for Gabriel who has remained faithful to her. In the end, they are reunited in a poorhouse where they have a moment of spiritual healing before he dies in her arms. Evangeline is a story of survival – the survival of a people who faced rejection, homelessness, hunger, and other adversities wherever they were disembarked in the American colonies. Evangeline was read all over the world and became a mirror for the displaced Acadians to recognize themselves and reunite as a nation – a nation without borders, a people without a homeland. Evangeline was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s first and most popular epic poem. It is written in non-rhyming hexameter, which reads like prose. Layne Longfellow, a descendant of Henry’s cousin, Michael, reads the poem with a voice from deep in his soul, allowing the hexameter to “soar and sink at will, now grazing the ground in its long sweep, now losing itself in the clouds,” as Henry described.

ORDER FORM

NAME: ______

ADDRESS: ______

______

TELEPHONE: ______EMAIL: ______

PAYMENT METHOD: Check #______Cash ______

Mail to: Françoise Paradis, Ed.D., Hidden Springs, Inc., P.O. Box 1325, Saco, ME 04072 Call (207) 282-6730 Fax: (207) 282-6731

34 Vol. 33 #1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ

EVANGELINE: A Tale of Acadie by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Introduction, Historical Sketch, Pronunciation Guide and Glossary by Françoise Paradis, Ed.D.

Foreword and Biographical Sketch of Henry W. Longfellow by Layne Longfellow, Ph.D.

Easy to Read LARGE FORMAT AND LARGE PRINT

Hardcover $29.95 US Paperback: $20.95 US Free Shipping

Evangeline is the soulful story of young lovers separated during the deportation of Acadians from their homeland in 1755. It is, as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow said, “…the best illustration of faithfulness and the constancy of woman…,” as Evangeline spends her life searching for Gabriel who has remained faithful to her. In the end, they are reunited in a poorhouse where they have a moment of spiritual healing before he dies in her arms. Evangeline is a story of survival – the survival of a people who faced rejection, homelessness, hunger, and other ad- versities wherever they were disembarked in the American colonies. Evangeline was read all over the world and became a mirror for the displaced Acadians to recognize themselves and reunite as a nation – a nation without borders, a people without a homeland. This is a limited edition prepared by Françoise Paradis to commemorate the 400-year anniversary of the first Acadian settlement and to honor the 250-year anniversary of the deportation of Acadians. This volume is beautifully illustrated with old lithographs and recent paintings. There is a historical sketch of Acadians in North America, a pronunciation guide, and a comprehensive glossary to help etch Longfellow’s beautiful images into our memories.

ORDER FORM

NAME: ______

ADDRESS: ______

______

TELEPHONE: ______EMAIL: ______

PAYMENT METHOD: Check #______Cash ______

Mail to: Françoise Paradis, Ed.D., Hidden Springs, Inc., P.O. Box 1325, Saco, ME 04072 Call (207) 282-6730 Fax: (207) 282-6731 35 Le Forum

It Can Happen To Any Fam- “The Pink Star Foun- BOOKS/LIVRES... ily/How Drugs Took my Daughter’s dation, Set up in Lov- Life details the struggles and the an- ing Memory of Sar- guish of a Berwick family as they dealt first with their daughter’s depres- ah Nicole Rinaldi” sion and drug use and then with her death from a methadone overdose. “By making our story available, About the Pink Star Foundation: I wanted to let any family dealing Sarah Nicole Rinaldi was a vibrant with drug addiction know that others 17 year old full of life and promise. Sadly, have been through the horror they are Sarah lost her life in June 2006 from an facing,” said Cindy Doucette. “My accidental drug overdose. When Sarah’s daughter had so much to live for, and mom, Julie, tried to find help for Sarah, she threw it all away at 18 for a high.” little was available. Determined not to The book which Doucette has have her daughter’s death be in vain, been writing since the autumn after Julie started the Pink Star Foundation. It her daughter’s death in March of 2003 is Julie’s belief that had Sarah gotten the is a simple and straightforward ac- help she desperately needed, Sarah would count of the years leading to Candice still be here today. It is from the unending This is the story of an ordinary fam- Doucette’s overdose. The story details love that Julie has for her daughter, Sarah, ily struggling with an extraordinary prob- her hospitalization and deepening de- that the Pink Star Foundation was born. lem: a special child whose journey to adult- pendency on the drugs that would Sarah was a compassionate, kind girl hood was hijacked by teenage drug use. eventually take her life on March 28, who would have done anything to help a Candice Doucette was a beauti- 2003, in Somersworth, New Hampshire. friend. We believe Sarah would be proud ful and well-loved young girl with It Can Happen To Any Family/ to be remembered through helping others. many friends and talents and supportive How Drugs Took My Daughter’s Life Our Mission: The Pink Star Foun- parents––what happened to her and ($24.95, 288 pages, photos) plus $5.00 dation has been established to provide her family can happen to any family. shipping and handling. To order the book, education and treatment to adolescents In this memoir, her mother can- write Cindy Doucette, P.O Box 694, Ber- struggling with drug or alcohol addic- didly shares her experience, in hopes wick, Me. 03901, call 1-207-698-1836. tions. It is our hope that by providing that other parents will find this book You can also purchase for $24.95 adolescents and their families with a resource as they strive to answer the + shipping through paypal (below) even education, help and support, our com- recurrent question––"What can we do?" if you do not have a paypal account. munity will not have to lose any more young people to drug or alcohol related "I left her room and went to bed. I lay next to David, but we deaths. We have come to know that when did not speak. There were no words to describe the pain we were you educate the whole family, the young in. I thought about the day that had begun so pleasurably...and person has a better chance at success. Our Goal: Pink Star Foundation ended so painfully. Even so, I thanked God for the blessings in is proud to partner with Phoenix House my life as I did every night. I asked Him to watch over Candice of Tampa. Phoenix House of Tampa and provide her with the help she needed. We had not been able to already has plans for an adolescent give her what she required. Nothing had worked as we had hoped. treatment facility in the greater Tampa I'm glad I didn't know then how tragi - area. Phoenix House will provide resi- cally her story––and ours––would end. dential treatment to adolescents. Treat- What happened to Candice, and where did it all begin?" ment will include counseling, education and reintegration to a drug free life. Please feel free to contact me if you have any The Pink Star Foundation will be hold- questions. [email protected] ing several fund raisers and granting money to Phoenix House to help them http://www.myspace.com/itcanhappentoanyfamily achieve their goal. We will also continue to offer scholarships to adolescents in need of treatment and continue our Addiction Treatment Resources educational efforts in our community. [email protected] Call toll-free: 1-800-784-6776 http://www.myspace.com/pink- starfoundation 36 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ RECIPES/ WhoopiePies.com RECETTES “The original Maine Whoopie Pie since 1925!”

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President Meggen Beaulier & CEO Trina Beaulier (Mom) Labadie’s Bakery has been in the Just cause you’ve moved Simply Divine Brownies is built same location since 1925. Back when this away, you don’t have to go without... on cherished relationships. Our com- area of Maine was booming with shoe Our fresh baked Chocolate Whoop- pany, a mother-daughter enterprise, in- manufacturers, and textile mills. Lincoln ie Pies are the best in the state of Maine. vites you to join us in celebrating all Street, where the bakery is located, is part We at Labadie’s Bakery started baking the delicious things life has to offer! of what the locals call “little Canada”. whoopie pies back in 1925 and haven’t It began as a quest for the quintes- This area had many jobs and thousands stopped since. Everyday we bake thou- sential chocolate experience! After years of French Canadians came south to work sand’s of them and then they are shipped spent together in our family kitchen per- and prosper. Because of language barri- all over Maine and the USA. Now they are fecting old recipes and inventing new ers, many of them moved in with family available to you, delivered right to your ones, we decided to add heaps of love and laughter to our favorite sweet treat: brown- and eventually formed the small French door. Visit our Bakery Page for a great ies! Call it inspiration, call it illumination, speaking community within Lewiston. selection of Maine made Whoopie pies. or simply call it divine intervention, but Over the years Labadie’s Bakery the combination of the finest ingredients, has grown and become a 24 hour opera- a bit of Maine charm, and the joy of bak- tion. We now supply fresh baked pastry ing with family proved to be the winning to most retail outlets, vending services, recipe. Simply Divine Brownies was born! and Independent Grocers. People from After weeks of mixing, stirring, and Canada to Florida have enjoyed the deli- sampling our creation, we chose a few key cious taste of our fresh baked pastries. ingredients essential for the perfect brownie. Family is always generous, so we decided We are now expanding our horizons our brownies needed to be generous as well. and offering them on the Internet. Individ- Simply Divine brownies are ample, scrump- ually wrapped and shipped Priority U. S. tious, and generously stacked with mouth- Mail so that you can enjoy them quickly. fuls of true heaven! Family is multi-layered, so at Simply Divine we strive to bake a treat full of complexity. Each brownie is infused Visit our website and enjoy! with a medley of rich flavors, frostings, and goodies. Family stands by you through thick WhoopiePies.com & Labadie’s Bakery and thin, At Simply Divine we focus on the thick: these brownies are big and luscious! Baking with the principles of family 20 Haley Street, Lewiston, Maine 04240 in mind has proven to be Simply Divine! Phone: 207-240-9350 Fax: 207-754-2028 We hope that when you take a bite of our brownies, you can taste the love and laughter email: [email protected] that surrounded their conception. And we hope they leave you feeling inspired, too! 37 Le Forum

ARTIST/ Gerry J. Lamarre was raised in profession with the use of both Minolta a French-speaking family in the north- 35mm cameras and 6x7 Pentax systems. ern woods of Maine. There his fa- Over the years, Gerry has collected ARTISTE ther, a lumberjack and farmer, intro- over 500,000 different photographs and duced him well to the great outdoors. sells them professionally worldwide. At age 8, Gerry would fish for Gerry actively ventures into the wilder- days by himself and canoe the Fish ness to capture his wildlife subjects. River, bringing home many a fine In order to photograph the animals, he trout meal. At age 14 he earned his finds it necessary to sail, scuba dive, first camera, a Kodak box camera, kayak, river raft, canoe, mountain climb, by selling garden seeds door to door. backpack and horse ride. Some of his His love for photography became a trips have consisted of forty days of passion. During several tours to Vietnam, rafting and climbing in northern British Gerry purchased his first 35mm Mi- Columbia; ten weeks of horse-packing nolta and did frequent aerial shoots while in the Bitterroot Mountains of Montana; working for the “Jolly Green Giants thirty days sailing off the coast of British Search and Rescue” helicopter squadron. Columbia; and countless 3-10 day adven- After the Air Force, Gerry La- tures throughout the continental U.S., marre remained on the West Coast. Alaska, Canada and Central America. He attended college at Eastern Wash- Gerry’s work can be pur- ington State College (now EWU) and chased at several locations through- in 1974 received his BA degree in out the United States and Canada, Recreation and Parks Administration. including his website. They make Gerry then completed his Masters great gifts for birthdays, anniversaries degree in the Forestry Program at the and business achievement awards. University of Montana and in 1980 GERRY’S PHILOSOPHY completed a PhD program in Forest Resource Management at the University “I am a wildlife photographer–a of Washington, which concentrated on throwback, a man born a century too late. Attitudinal Studies and Teaching Styles This profession has chosen me because of related to wildlife-oriented recreation. my love of the outdoors and adventure. I Throughout his studies, however, am at best alone in the wild, extending my wildlife photography took precedence. patience in order to capture images that With Gerry’s education and his skills please my soul. I travel deep into the wil- as a photographer, a business was born. derness to discover who I am. It is a place “Gerry Lamarre’s Wildlife Photography” without time, rank, or status. Without this is located in Castle Rock, Washington in my life, there would be no balance and where Gerry does his own custom color no rejuvenation of mind and heart. It is printing and matting, as well as making my hope that the public will dream and his own frames. Since 1978, Gerry has travel through these photographs. My pursued his major interest and full-time reward is sharing my journey with you.”

Phone: 360/274.7040 Fax: 360/274.3186 [email protected]

(See page 39 for Gerry's photographs) 38 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ

Gerry’s Newest Photos African and Exotic Bears Birds (includes Gamebirds) Bobcat & Lynx Buffalo Cats (Domestic) Cougars Deer and Antelope Dogs Eagles and Hawks Elk and Caribou Fox Mountain Goats and Bighorn Sheep Horses and Donkeys Moose Otters and Sealions Puppies Raccoons and small mammals Scenics Waterbirds Whales and dolphins Wolves and Coyotes Wideformat print

Phone: 360/274.7040 Fax: 360/274.3186 [email protected]

Visit Gerry's website for more photos: http://www.wildlifephotos.com/index.htm

39 Le Forum ARTIST/ ARTISTE Olivia Cyr PETITE PLAISANCE Olivia is an emerging artist La maison de Marguerite Yourcenar who explores many forms of visual art, Adresse postale: P.O. Box including sculpture, printmaking, and 403 Northeast Harbor Maine 04662 digital media. She was born Olivia Administrateurs: Yvonne Cyr on May 1st, 1985 and was Yvon Bernier, Marc Bros - raised in Fort Kent. Her family has solet, William Fenton et Jean Lunt strong roots in the Saint John Valley, Marguerite Yourcenar a vécu à Petite Plaisance de 1950 à sa mort en and her Franco-American background 1987. Elle a exprimé le souhait que cette often plays into the subjects she explores maison soit ouverte pendant l’été. Rien in her art. Through her work she often n’a été modifié depuis sa disparition. explores the human relationship and Since I work from concept to design, Pour visiter Petite Plaisance (tous les understanding of the environment, I individually choose which medium jours du 15 juin au 31 août), il est demandé de and various social or cultural issues. best embodies each concept. Thus, my prendre rendez-vous par téléphone - (207) 276 I create art with the aim of em- work includes a large variety of media. 3940 - entre 9 heures et 16 heures seulement. phasizing issues I feel have importance Clearly reflected in my work are Au cas où il ne serait pas obtenu de réponse, le gardien pouvant se trouver momentanément and are lacking consideration. I incor- the influences which have shaped my absent, il convient de renouveler l’appel. perspective on the issues I explore. These porate this philosophy into my creative Marguerite Cleen- process through both my aesthetic influences include my surroundings, what werck de Crayencour dont and technical choices, and of course, I read, other artists, and most importantly Yourcenar est l’anagramme my subject matter. The content of my my past experiences. My past may be est née le 8 juin 1903 en Bel- work has frequently included environ- one of the weightiest origins of my ideas. gique: pays d’origine de sa mental and biological issues, various The home and community I grew up mère. Après la mort de celle- troubles with the attitudes and general in, the attitudes of my family, and our ci suite à son accouchement, Marguerite et son père quittent Bruxelles lifestyle of pop culture, as well as other overall lifestyle, as well as the defining pour rejoindre le château du Mont-Noir près moments of my life are what I consider to important topics I feel need emphasis. de Bailleul construit en 1824 par un trisaïeul. The media I choose to work with be the most influential aspects of my past. Elle y demeure alors tous les étés reflect my thought process and my at- These influences are inseparable from jusqu’en 1913 date où est vendue la propriété. tempt to communicate to the viewer. the subjects I incorporate into my art. Les années qui suivent sont mar- quées par les nombreux séjours qu’elle effectue on compagnie de son père dans Olivia Cyr différents pays européens, formant sa cul- ture en autodidacte au fil des visites. Attirée très jeune par le goût de l’écriture elle publie son premier roman: Alexis ou le traité du vain combat en 1929 quelques mois après la mort de son père. Elle continue ses voyages qui la mè- nent on Grèce, Italie, Europe centrale, autant de lieux qui inspireront ses futurs ouvrages. C’est on 1938, suite à sa rencon- tre avec Grace Frick, que Marguerite Yourcenar gagne les Etats-Unis où elle enseigne le français et l’histoire de l’art. Après avoir pris la nationalité américaine on 1948, elle fait l’acquisition avec son amie d’une propriété sur la côte du Maine appelée «Petite Plaisance».

40 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ Drouin Vital Record the document can be very well preserved, Quebec Notarial Records (Dr- or not, depending on its condition at ouin Collection) 1647 – 1942 this Collection 1621 – 1967 the time of filming. I did notice some material includes some of the many by Allen J. Voisinechurch records that have a more recent notaries during the years covered. copy of the same documents, but the Miscellaneous French Records In doing research for a friend on a original language and style is preserved. (Drouin Collection 1651 – 1941 vari- possible Canadian WWI veteran, I found Most of the church records are fully in- ous different databases of information. a great genealogical mother lode of infor- dexed by year or by the period of years The digitized records you can be mation. I have done genealogy now for covered by that volume. These cover viewed online, with various viewing over 30 years and this has truly been one a lot of what the Church of Latter Day tools, e-mailed to a friend, or saved on of those great finds for me; that is, besides Saints did but the time frame is broader your computer as a JPG or in a shoebox, the people that have been great helpers and quite possibly covers some material as they call it on the Ancestry website. I and some of the great old standards in you can’t find in the LDS microfilms. personally made separate folders for each book form and other online databases. The databases and areas and years generation of my family and placed them The short title is the Drouin Col- covered and additional notes are as follows: into one larger folder with the surname lection. To further explain what the that they cover. Later this year they collection is: the Institut Généalogique Ontario French Catholic Records will be fully indexed for easier research. Drouin, from the 1940s through the (Drouin Collection) 1747 – 1967 self If you already have a Ancestry.com 1960s, went to many areas of Canada explanatory subscription then you already can get and microfilmed predominately Roman access. I initially started with a monthly Catholic Church records from 1621 and Early U. S. French Catholic Re- subscription to Canada Deluxe Member- 1967. The records are mostly baptismal, cords (Drouin Collection) 1695 – 1954 ship for $9.95 through Ancestry.ca (the marriage and burial records, but also this material covers 11 states including Canadian version of Ancestry.com), include other types of records in their Maine which only includes the two which appeared on my credit card dis- original form and language (French, oldest parishes in the St. John Valley, counted but with no foreign transaction English, Latin or Italian). They are, for located in Frenchville and Van Buren. fee. The yearly fee is only $47.40 com- the most part, as written by the priest Acadia French Catholic Records pared to a yearly service of $155.40 for or other individual who performed the (Drouin Collection) 1670 – 1946 this ma- the U. S. Deluxe Membership. The mem- ceremony at the time or soon after it oc- terial includes the French parts and other bership you choose will probably depend curred. Please note that the handwriting parishes of New Brunswick east and some on the church or area you are interested in. is often contemporary to the period, and of the old surviving Acadian records. its creation in 1966 to the present – with Theatre – Bucksport those who live and work there. North- Maine Audubon Nature Store runner explores the history of this gem – Falmouth of a park in the middle of a working Maine State Museum – Augusta forest. Learn why this place is so re- Maine Historical Society – Port- vered – and engenders so much passion. land Patrick McGowan, Andrew Col- Kittery Trading Post – Kittery lar and Kyle Hockmeyer have created Mid-Coast Hospital Gift Shop a beautiful portrait of this recreational – Brunswick treasure. They explore the sporting camp tradition of the Allagash region and meet Or, get it directly from us: some of the folks who call the river home. Northrunner is a tribute to a wild riv- Northrunner is available to the New Allagash DVD Avail- er that will leave you wanting to head for public for a cost of $16.50, which able! the north woods. As 87-year old Fort Kent includes tax and shipping. Checks should be made out to: The Allagash Wilderness Wa- native Blanche Jalbert says at the close of Treasurer, State of Maine. terway – it has been a highway to the the film, “I hope everyone who visits the Native Americans; a vital corridor to Allagash will love it as much as I do.” Maine’s lumber business; a world-class Get your copy at any of these retail Mail checks to: canoe trip. The Allagash River’s uses locations: Jim Crocker have been as varied as its twists and John’s Country Store – St. Francis Maine Department of Conservation turns. Its mystical hold on visitors is Voisine’s Market – Fort Kent 22 State House Station unlike that of no other place in Maine. Bald Eagle Store – Eagle Lake Augusta, ME 04333-0022 Come discover the history of the Northeast Historic Film/Alamo Allagash Wilderness Waterway – from 41 Le Forum Expulsion: The Story of Acadia

On the eve of a war that will engulf ing from the highly acclaimed series, the world, the British government agrees Canada: A People’s History, this one-hour with a plan to extinguish a people. In documentary examines the events lead- 1755, English colonial officials forcibly ing up to the brutal expulsion. Through expel close to 10,000 French-speak- dramatic re-enactments and interviews ing Acadians from their lands in Nova with Acadian descendants, it brings to For personal use: Scotia, lands that have been in Acadian life a human tragedy, one that changed the http://www.cbcshop.ca/CBC/ hands for almost 150 years. What follows course of history and established a legacy shopping/product.aspx?Product_ is the epic story of a group of people and culture that lives on to this day. ID=ETDOC00116&Variant_ played as pawns in a struggle between Special DVD Features: ID=6188&lang=en-CA two empires. It is a saga of death and - Interview with Acadian de- Schools may purchase a copy at the dislocation that reverberates to this day scendant Richard Thibodeau following site: http://www.cbclearning. - an event unparalleled in the history of - Interview with Acadian de- ca/CBCEDS/shopping/searchresult.aspx the colonizing on North America. Draw- scendant Ronnie-Gilles Leblanc Au cours d’une cérémonie donnée en l’Hôtel de Ville de La La francophonie à l'honneur Garenne-Colombes ( H a u t s - d e - S e i n e ) Le 3 février 2007 M. Michel Tau- riac, Président d’Honneur de FL/FA, journaliste et écrivain, a rermis, en présence de M. Philippe Juvin, Maire de la ville, les insignes de Chevalier de l’Ordre national du Mérite à Jean Moisson ainsi que la croix de Cheva- lier dans l’Ordre des Arts et Lettres à Claude Teboul et à Martine Esparbet. Le maire et Michel Tauricac, avec les décorés de Ces distinctions viennent l'Ordre national du Mérite et les récipiendaires récompenser, chacun dans ses do- maines de responsabilité au sein de rencontre des communautés franco- eur de la Fonction publique ou l'Office l’association, Jle travail bénévole ac- phones ou francophiles dans une trentaine national d'Information sur les Ensigne- compli pour la défense et la promotion d'États américains. Jean Moisson a reçu ments et les Professions (l'ONISEP). de la francophonie nord-américaine. la médaille de reconnaissance de la Ville MARTINE ESPARBET JEAN MOISSON et la médaille d'Honneur de la Ville; il est Veuve de Pierre Esparbet, Ancien conseiller chevalier des Palmes académiques (1978) co-fondateur de l'association municipal, président-fon- CLAUDE TEBOUL France-Louisiane, premier dateur du Photo-Club de P r é s i d e n t d e secrétaire général, et auteur, La Garenne, et ancien vice- l'association France-Loui- avec Michel Tauriac, du guide La Loui- président de l'association siane depuis 1997, Claude siane d'aujourd'hui, Martine Esparbet France-Louisiane, Jean Moisson a ef- Teboul en a d'abord été ad- s'occupe, depuis 1978, des échanges fectué une brillante et longue carrière - de ministrateur, en 1979, et secrétaire culturels avec la Louisiane et, plus par- 1951 à 1987 - au Comptoir des entrepre- général, en 1982. Bénévolement, il ticulièrement, avec les communauteés neurs (Sous-comptoir des entrepreneurs a consacré une grande partie de son francophones des États-Unis. Mémoire jusqu'en 1964), où il termine comme di- temps à cette association pour laquelle et cheville ouvrière de l'association, recteur régional d'Île-de-France. Une car- il a effectué une quarantaine de séjours permanente bénévole, Martine Esparbet rière qui sera par deux fois interrompue. aux États-Unis. Ancien professeur de est toujours présente pour donner à ses La première par son service; la seconde, Lettres, d'Histoire et de Géographie, nombreux interlocuteurs les renseigne- en 1956, date à laquelle il est rappelé en Claude Teboul a été, pendant près de ments ou conseils qu'ils sollicitent. Un Algérie. Libéré de ses obligations profes- vingt ans, l'interlocuteur des autorités rôle tellement polyvalent que, pour tous, sionnelles en 1987, il se consacre pleine- ministérielles au sein d'organismes elle est Madame France-Louisiane! ment à l'Association France-Louisiane. divers, tels que le Conseil supérieur de Il entreprend de nombreux voyages et l'Éducation nationale, le Conseil supéri- 42 Vol. 33# 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ

43 Le Forum MUSIC A Tribute to MUSIQUE Jean-Paul Paré Poulain Ballade à Jean-Paul Paré Poulain

Par Virginie Sand

Hier, un chanteur franco-américain à été tué, Quelqu’un que j’adorais, Cet homme avec une voix céleste que je louais. « C’est incroyable ! C’est impossible ! » Je me disais, AUGUSTA, MAINE Mais mes yeux pleuraient Jean Paul Poulain, age 62 of School Pour Jean-Paul Paré Poulain. St., died unexpectedly Tuesday, April 24, 2007 at his home. He was born in Au- gusta, Maine on March 18, 1945, a son Sur mon CD, of the late Lucien Edouard “Bobby” Pou- Sitôt qu’il chante la chanson « Ma Normandie, » lain and Merilda Anna (Pare) Poulain. He is a graduate of St. Augustine Mon cœur danse pour ma propre patrie. School & Cony High School. He attended « C’est dommage ! C’est dommage ! » Je me crie, the Univ. of Maine in Orono & Portland. Et les larmes coulent toujours He graduated from Williams School of Banking, Williamstown, Mass & Rutgers Pour Jean-Paul Paré Poulain. School of Banking in New Brunswick, NJ. He began singing on stage with his Ici en Nouvelle Angleterre, father at the age of 5 and performed through- out his life for many local organizations Il gardait vivante la culture française, notre frère, throughout Maine, New England and French Avec son don de la musique, sa main était la première. Canadian Provinces. He was proud of « Quelle tragédie ! Quelle injustice ! » Je ferme mes paupières his French heritage which he expressed through his French repertoire of songs. Dès que je m’agenouille pour être en prière, He was predeceased by his parents: Pour Jean-Paul Paré Poulain. Lucien & Merilda Poulain; two brothers: Joseph A. Poulain and Roland J. Poulain and three sisters: M.J. Pauline Poulain Avant que son âme part avec le vent, , Doris Marie and Anne Marie Poulain. Je dois lui donner beaucoup de remercîments, He is survived by four brothers: Pour son legs en préservant Richard Poulain of E. Winthrop, Raymond Poulain and Gerard Poulain of Augusta Notre héritage franco-américain. and J. Alphonse Poulain of New York « Hourra ! Bravo ! » Je célèbre ses chansons City, NY; four sisters: Lucille Bolduc, Quand je regarde jusqu’au ciel pour Jean-Paul Paré Poulain. Noella Poulain and Muriel Poulain all of Augusta and Jeanne Marie Clements of Belgrade; numerous aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, grand nieces and grand nephews. (Malheureusement, Jean-Paul Paré Poulain a été tué dans There will be no public visitation. A un homicide le 25 avril 2007, par un fusil, chez lui à Augusta Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated au Maine.) at 11 AM Saturday, April 28th at St. Au- gustine Catholic Church, Northern Ave., Augusta with the Rev. Raymond Lagace, OFM officiating. Burial will be later this spring in Holy Family Cemetery in Augusta. Memorial donations may be made to: Le Centre d’Héritage Franco-Américain de Lewiston.

44 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ MUSIC MUSIQUE

Ballade to Jean-Paul Paré Poulain

By Virginia Sand

Yesterday, a Franco-American singer was killed, Someone who I adored, This man with a heavenly voice that I praised. “It’s unbelievable! It’s impossible!” I told myself, But my eyes were crying For Jean-Paul Paré Poulain.

On my CD, As soon as he sings the song “My Normandy,” My heart dances for my own country. “It’s too bad! It’s too bad!” I cry to myself, And the tears still flow For Jean-Paul Paré Poulain.

Here in New England, He was keeping the French culture alive, our brother, With his gift of music, his hand was first. “What a tragedy! What injustice!” I close my eyes As soon as I kneel down to offer prayers For Jean-Paul Paré Poulain.

Before his spirit departs with the wind, I must give him many thanks, For his legacy in preserving Our Franco-American heritage. “Hurray! Bravo!” I celebrate his songs When I look up to the heavens for Jean-Paul Paré Poulain.

(Unfortunately, Jean-Paul Paré Poulain was killed in a homicide on April 25th, 2007, by a gun, at his home in Au- gusta, Maine.)

45 Le Forum time to perform in schools, restaurants, and even in a play. And if you are lucky enough to be at the Farmer’s Market on Buck Street in Bangor on Saturday MUSIC/ mornings, you can hear her playing as she greets the patrons. She has since produced a recording of 19 songs entitled MUSIQUE Acadian Accordion Music from Maine. Nancy’s love of Acadian French Nancy Lamarre music and the accordion has reinvigo- rated her. She loves to entertain her Acadian Accordian audience, relishes seeing their feet tapping, and takes pride in knowing Music from Maine that she is keeping the tradition alive. Nancy Lamarre was the second speaker and her self-confidence waned. Perhaps she is touching lives more than of eight children born to Edmond and Eventually, at the age of 16, Nancy she realizes. Recently while performing Priscilla Lamarre, a Franco-American withdrew from school and entered the at an Alzheimer’s nursing home, she couple who owned a potato farm in workforce. Her jobs were varied, but witnessed a wheel-chair bound, unre- New Canada, Maine. As usual, Nancy, always involved working with her hands. sponsive patient get up and start doing who has a habit of being an early riser, After working at a potato factory and a a two-step, much to the shock of the entered the world prematurely on August large clothing retail store for a few years, nursing staff. Regardless of the setting, 8, 1945 in the family farmhouse. Grow- she spent the next six years doing piece Nancy has always loved to make people ing up on a farm with so many siblings, work at a shoe factory in Bangor, Maine. smile, always found a way to make oth- she quickly learned to use her hands to Finally, Nancy decided to take a gamble, ers feel better about themselves and to tackle the many chores affiliated with took out a loan, and enrolled in the D’lor forget their daily worries. Playing the farm life. Whether it was picking wild Beauty School in Brewer in 1970. She accordion has been a natural extension of strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, excelled at the school and was offered a her personality allowing her to breathe hazelnuts, string beans, and of course position as a hairstylist at D’lor Beauty a little love into the community she has potatoes during harvest, few could com- Salon in Bangor, where she blossomed called home for the last four decades. pete with her speed and efficiency. In as a premier stylist over the next seven fact, she would often pick more barrels of years. Later she worked at Flair Lamarre, potatoes than many of the boys her age. before opening up her own salon Mon To purchase a copy of While living on a farm was benefi- Ami in 1982 with the encouragement Nancy's CD: cial for developing Nancy’s work ethic and help of her husband, James Libby. and dexterity, it was also the place where After years of greeting her clients in her she was exposed to the music that would heavy French accent, “How are you, Nancy Lamarre shape much of her life. Every Saturday my friend”, it seemed only appropri- 156 State Street night, the family would gather around ate to name the salon in that manner. the radio to listen to The Jamboree on While Nancy’s career flourished, Bangor, ME 04401 WWVA out of Wheeling, West Virginia. her accordion remained virtually silent Nancy and her siblings would dance to as she found little time to play. She the music broadcast by the powerful AM would occasionally play at family get- Call: 207-947-3875 radio station, all the way to Aroostook togethers, but those incidents were rare. County and beyond. Another influence In 2002 Nancy and James would travel on her was the music performed by Ca- to Prince Edward Island for a vacation, nadian migrant workers who worked on where Nancy’s love of the accordion her family farm during harvest. It was and Acadian music would be rekindled. through these impromptu performances There, she encountered numerous ac- that Nancy acquired a love for the ac- cordion players and was determined to cordion. The same fingers that rifled bring that music back to Maine. Upon through a row of potatoes would soon her return to Bangor, she quickly picked be flying over the keys of her mother’s up her accordion and started playing accordion, as she taught herself to play. again. Soon she acquired two more ac- Unfortunately for Nancy, her pro- cordions and began to perform publicly. ficiency on the farm was not matched in At first, she performed for nursing homes, the classroom. Academics proved to be but soon was asked to play in other set- very challenging for the native French tings. She has since volunteered her 46 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ MUSIC/ MUSIQUE

Melanie Dorice Saucier is a sing- ing sensation from Fort Kent, Maine, first discovered her musical talent at the very young age of two. Today, Melanie is wowing audiences on both sides of the U.S./Canadian Border, with her unique tions and has taken home many awards this competition. Melanie was the reign- repertoire of songs, which are sung in in the provinces of New Brunswick ing 2003 Little Maine Potato Queen, an English, French, and even Latin. She and Quebec including “Le Tremplin” a Aroostook Country-wide competition. has performed at the Acadian Festival festival of song and humor held in Ville For more information contact: festivities in Madawaska, Maine, she Degelis, Quebec for which she was the has participated in singing competi- first participant from the U.S to ever win [email protected]

Donna Hébert Ingenuity and 1988 INDIE award-win- co-directs The Beaudoin Project, docu- ning women’s string band Rude Girls. menting, presenting and preserving the Donna Hébert has fiddling in her Now Donna performs and teaches with music of Vermont’s Beaudoin family. genes. The daughter of a French-Ca- Donna teaches fiddling to indi- nadian banjo-playing mom who sang viduals and groups at schools, colleges, in a cowgirl quartet in the 1930s and conferences and festivals. On the 2006 40s, Donna heard jigs and reels at fam- faculty at Mark O’Connor’s 2006 Strings ily gatherings, while in high school she Conference, she met and worked with played Mozart, sharing a stand with California jazz cellist Renata Bratt, with violinist Elmar Oliviera. Fiddling’s whom she now teaches fiddle/cello fo- pull was stronger; since 1972, Hébert cused Fiddling Demystified workshops. has learned from master folk fiddlers Donna is currently transcribing, teaching in a variety of regional styles as well and performing the tunes and settings of as from classical and jazz violinists. her late Franco-American fiddling men- She has received media and recording tor, Louis Beaudoin. She also directs The industry awards and state and regional Great Groove Band of school-age musi- arts council recognition as a master fid- cians, in its 8th year at the Old Songs Fes- dler, music educator and fiddling pioneer. tival in Altamont NY and in it’s second Donna Hébert is an extraordinary year at the Philadelphia Folk Festival. fiddler, adept at many regional styles, Franco-American cultural group Chan- finding the rhythmic heartbeat of a tune terelle, in it’s 14th year, and triple-fiddle every time. Learning style from fid- group Groovemama, teaching Fiddling [email protected] dlers like Louis Beaudoin, Allan Block, Demystified workshops and coaching Gerry Robichaud and many others, The Great Groove Band at both the Old she has fiddled, sung and written for Songs and Philadelphia Folk Festivals. http://www.dhebert.com/index.html seminal ‘70s contradance band Yankee With fiddler George Wilson, she also 47 Le Forum local events. She soon became a crowd relocated back to Fitchburg, Massachu- favorite, and it was obvious that her tal- setts, Lee and Elaine formally named the ent was meant for all to hear. Lee began duo The Roys. After years of performing his musical journey at the age of eight in their local music scene, they fulfilled a MUSIC/ when he learned to play drums. He then lifelong-dream by moving to Music City moved on to bass, mandolin and guitar. USA, Nashville, Tn. Once there, they His musical idol is Ricky Skaggs. “I can began to write songs and sing demos. MUSIQUE remember Elaine playing a cassette of Soon, they were included on a compi- his, and I was hooked like a fish on a lation album which featured superstar line. I just could not get enough.” After artists, including Keith Whitley, Vince The Roys that, Lee cut his teeth on bluegrass music, Gill, the Bellamy Brothers, and others. listening to such greats as Bill Monroe, The album sold over 500,000 copies and Just Who Are The Roys? Lee and both Lee and Elaine earned gold records. Elaine - a talented brother and sister duo After years of hard work and persistence, who compliment each other’s strong lead The Roys accomplished what every vocal styles with beautiful sibling harmo- artist hopes for. They signed a record nies. That unique sound is at the heart of deal with Pedestal/Aspirion Records, in their upcoming radio single, “Workin’ Nashville. The Roys are currently in the Girl Blues,” which features Elaine on studio in Nashville putting the finishing the lead vocal and Lee supporting on touches on their new CD. They recently harmony. There was never a lack of music shot the video for “Workin’ Girl Blues,” in the Roy family. Their grandmother and they are preparing to release the played the fiddle, their uncles played single to radio in the coming months. fiddle and guitar, and their aunts sang. These are exciting times for Lee and There was no doubt that Lee and Elaine Elaine. Please join them on their journey! would soon follow in their family’s foot- steps. Elaine began singing at the age of To Purchase a CD five. She was influenced at an early age send a $15 check to: by her idol, Dolly Parton. When Elaine was eight, and Lee was four, their family Leo Roy moved to New Brunswick, Canada where Flatt & Scruggs and Mac Weismen, 128 Cathy Street their parents were originally from. While just to name a few. He formed his first Fitchburg, MA living in a small town, Elaine’s love for bluegrass band with his cousins, and his country music grew with each passing love for that music is still evident today 01420 day. “That is the music I grew up on, and in his vocal style. ”I just love harmonies. have been intrigued with, my whole life. To me, it can make or break a song.” Lee Country music is my passion.” At the and Elaine eventually started performing age of 10 she began taking guitar lessons together in local talent shows, and at and honed her talent by performing at family get-togethers. After their family

http://www.myspace.com/theroyscountryelaineandlee http://www.theroyscountry.com/ (Under Construction) 48 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ What a year! I was diag- nosed with breast cancer on May 1st of 2006, but after 4 months MUSIC/ of chemo, surgery and 7 weeks of radiation, I’m happy to report that I’m feeling great! Merci to MUSIQUE all who wrote, prayed, and shared Josée Vachon their cancer victories. I started touring in March and should begin Josée Vachon est originaire du working on a new CD by summer! Québec mais c’est dans le Maine qu’elle Josée a vécu toute sa jeunesse. Donc, la vie franco-américaine, elle connaît et la partage d’emblée à travers un vaste répertoire de chansons traditionnelles Born in Quebec and raised in et populaires du Québec et de l’Acadie, Maine, Josée Vachon shares her Franco- ainsi que par ses propres compositions. American culture through traditional and Une voix claire et chaude qu’elle ac- contemporary folksongs from Quebec compagne à la guitare, parfois au piano, and Acadie as well as original songs. Her CéVon Musique des rythmes endiablés de pieds et de warm, distinct voice accompanied by the PO Box 157 cuillères, une personnalité attachante guitar and occasional piano, unrelenting et un humour percutant, voilà ce qui lui foot percussion and spoons, as well as her Kutztown, PA 19530 vaut un public fidèle et constamment engaging personality have captured the (610) 683-7814 renouvelé depuis près de 25 ans en Nou- hearts of many audiences throughout New velle-Angleterre, au Canada et ailleurs. England and Canada for nearly 25 years. Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.joseevachon.com/ American & Canadian French Cultural chef de groupe, linguiste, cineaste, et LUCIE THERRIEN Exchange Commission for the Govern- conferenciere, est native du Vermont, ment of New Hampshire January 2004. mais eduquee dans les ecoles francaises Nationally & internationally ac- Her media interviews are archived at de la Province de Quebec. Elle detient un claimed recording & video artist Lucie the New Hampshire State Library. She Breuvet en piano concert, et une Maitrise Therrien is a performer, certified teacher, en histoire de musique. Mme Therrien est composer, linguist, filmaker, historian & egalement professeure de musique certi- speaker. She has performed across the fiee. Elle donne des programmes et con- US, Quebec and France, and has partici- certs solo, des conferences sur la musique pated in cultural exchanges in No.Africa, francaise, et des animations scolaires. Vietnam , Martinique and Cuba. As a widely published Franco-American artist, she has to her credit numerous DVDs/videos, recordings, a song- book & 2 research books. She is distributed nationally & internationally. French-edu- French American Music Enterprise cated, she holds a B.A & M.A. in music. P. O. Box 472l As a touring artist with the Council on the Arts since 1983 (a state agency of Portsmouth, N.H. 03802-4721 the National Endowment of the Arts), Truslou Bill by photo Tel. (603) 430-9524 she has received several Fellowship Finalist Awards, nominations to the NH [email protected] Governor’s Arts Awards & the National WWW.LucieT.com Endowment of the Arts Folk Heritage Fellowship, four Traditional Arts Mas- ters teaching awards, as well as film awards. The International Who’s who in maintains a teaching studio called Do- music includes Lucie Therrien. Cultural Re-Mi in Portsmouth New Hampshire.. Affairs Commissioner Van McLeod ap- Artiste Franco-Americaine pointed Lucie Therrien a member of the d’envergure internationale, historienne, 49 Le Forum (N.D.L.R. This is the final some cases). The next column gives the date of marriage, then the spouce (maiden name LAGACÉ installment of the Lagacé family if female) followed by the townin which the genealogy.) marriage took place. There are two columns FAMILY # 1 of numbers. The one on the left side of the Méry Pasquet or Pasquier, born circa page, e.g., #2, is the child of #2 in the right 1615 in France and died in PQ, from the vil- column of numbers. His parents are thus #1 in lage of Vendeuvre-du-Poitou, department of the left column of numbers. Also, it should be Vienne, ancient province of Poitou, France, noted that all the persons in the first column was first married in Poitiers, France circa 1640 of names under the same number are siblings to Vincente Beaumont, born circa 1620 in (brothers & sisters). There may be other sib- France and died before 1668 in France. Méry lings, but only those who had descendants that married a second time on 29 July 1659 (refer- married in Maine are listed in order to keep ence contract Berthonneau) in the church of this listing limited in size. The listing can be St.Jean-Baptiste in Poitiers, France to Renée used up or down - to find parents or descen- Guillocheau, born circa 1625 in France and The French dants. The best way to see if your ancestors died in PQ. Renée was the widow of Jacques are listed here is to look for your mother’s or Forget. Also on 29 July 1659 at Poitiers, grandmother’s maiden name. Once you are Méry’s son, Maurice Pasquet, was married Connection sure you have the right couple, take note of the to Françoise Forget, the daughter of Jacques Franco-American Families number in the left column under which their Forget and Renée Guillocheau. Maurice lived names appear. Then, find the same number in in the parish of St.Hilaire in Poitiers and later of Maine the right-most column above. For example, if in the village of Vendeuvre located 11 miles par Bob Chenard, it’s #57C, simply look for #57C on the right north of the city of Poitiers. Waterville, Maine above. Repeat the process for each generation until you get back to the first family in the list. The numbers with alpha suffixes (e.g. Les Familles Lagacé 57C) are used mainly for couple who mar- Welcome to the eighteenth year of ried in Maine. Marriages that took place in my column. Numerous families have since Canada normally have no suffixes with the been published. Copies of these may still be rare exception of small letters, e.g., “13a.” available by writing to the Franco-American If there are gross errors or missing families, Center. Listings such as the one below are my sincere appologies. I have taken utmost never complete. However, it does provide care to be as accurate as possible. Please write you with my most recent and complete file of to the FORUM staff with your corrections marriages tied to the original French ancestor. and/or additions with your supporting data. I How to use the family listings: The left-hand provide this column freely with the purpose column lists the first name (and middle name of encouraging Franco-Americans to research or initial, if any) of the direct descendants of their personal genealogy and to take pride in the ancestor identified as number 1 (or A, in their rich heritage.

30E Armand-J. 05 Jul 1927 Evelyn-May Lambert Skowhegan(OLL) 30F Léona-Cécile 28 Jul 1928 Michel-Frs. Breton Skowhegan(OLL) M.-Béatrice 03 Jun 1929 Adolphe-Arthur Fluet Skowhegan(OLL) M.-Oliva 18 Apr 1932 Lionel-Henri Michaud Skowhegan(OLL) Joseph-John 03 Aug 1940 Mildred-May Breton Skowhegan(OLL) 30G Albert-Henry 06 Jul 1957 Pauline-M. Barriault Skowhegan(OLL) 30H 30F Audrey-Louise 05 Oct 1947 Royal-H. Wentworth Skowhegan(OLL) Corinne-M. 15 Nov 1947 Howard-W. Thurston Skowhegan(OLL) Louis-Linwood 09 Jun 1951 Shirley-Agnes Chapman Skowhegan(OLL) 30J Janet-M. 15 Nov 1955 J.-Roland-A. Cassidy Skowhegan(OLL) Armand-J. 28 Nov 1958 Carolyn-Amy Spooner Skowhegan(OLL) 30K Donald-James 03 Sep 1960 Claudette-M. Ellis Skowhegan(OLL) Diane-Judith 11 Nov 1961 Allan-Rich. Fitzmaurice Skowhegan(OLL) Brenda 26 Nov 1966 Gary-A. Malbon Skowhegan(OLL) 30G M.-Evelyn 27 Aug 1966 Alfie-J. St-Peter Madison(St.Seb.) Edward 24 Jul 1971 Ruth-L. Dean Skowhegan(OLL) 30H Ann 27 May 1978 Ronald Washburn Skowhegan(OLL) 30J Adina 29 Dec 1973 Joseph Jordan Skowhegan(OLL) Irwin-Dean 30 Aug 1975 Elaine-Frances Oberg Skowhegan(OLL) 30K Jody-Lynne 25 Aug 1979 Lonnie-Frank Dickey Skowhegan(OLL) 36A Élisée 24 Feb 1879 Sophronie Morin Lewiston(SPP) 42A Damase 24 Jan 1893 Flavie Lagacé St.David, Me. 42B 42B Guillaume ‘Wm.” 03 Nov 1914 Anastasie Bélanger Caribou 42C (Continued on page 51) 50 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ 42C Stanislas 18 Sep 1939 Angéline-L. Harvey Augusta(St.Aug.) M.-Hortense 27 Jul1942 Armand-C. Lajoie Augusta(St.Aug.) Philippe-Gérard 02 Aug 1943 Juliette-Bibiane Grenier Augusta(St.Aug.) Joséphine-L. 19 Jun 1944 Floyd-Vincent McKenna Augusta(St.Aug.) Ange-Thérèse 31 Dec 1951 Gérard-Jean Dostie Augusta(St.Aug.) 43A François 21 Feb 1882 Vitaline Lagacé Lewiston(SPP) 45A Arthur 26 Jun 1882 Dorilda Richard Lewiston(SPP) Félix 09 Apr 1888 Claudia Beaulieu Lewiston(SPP) 45B LAGACÉ 45B Joseph 02 Sep 1912 Émilda Roux Lewiston(SPP) Lucien 1m. 20 Oct 1919 M.-Anne Létourneau Lewiston(St.Mary) 45C “ 2m. 07 Oct 1961 Rose Paradis Lewiston((HC) Roland 07 Jul 1941 Priscille Rivard Lewiston(St.Mary) 45C Roger-Gérard 24 Aug 1946 M.-Flavie Cyr Lewiston(HF) 66A Cléophas 08 Jul 1901 Flavie Picard St.David, Me. 66D Joseph 13 Sep 1934 Jenny-May Waldron Skowhegan(OLL) 66B 66C Joseph 07 Nov 1920 Léona Veilleux Waterville(SFS) 66E 66D Agnès 23 Aug 1936 Eddie-Eldon Lizotte Augusta(St.Aug.) 66E Jos.-Albert 28 Dec 1942 Elizabeth Doyon Waterville(ND) 66F M.-Jeannette 19 Jun 1943 Valère-Oscar Veilleux Waterville(ND) Alfred-J. 21 Jun 1948 M.- Irène Veilleux Augusta(St.Aug.) Juliette 04 Jun 1949 Alphée Gauthier Waterville(ND) Lionel 08 Sep 1951 Lucille-Rose Gauthier Waterville(SFS) 66G Margaret 28 Nov 1953 Albernie Libby (Labbé) Waterville(ND) Lorraine 10 Aug 1957 Robert Smith Waterville(ND) Harold 31 Dec 1960 Susan Pelletier Waterville(SH) 66F Patricia-Ann 10 Aug 1968 Daniel-Alfred Cyr Waterville(ND) 66G Ronald 22 Nov 1975 Patricia-G. Levasseur Waterville(ND) 70A Thomas 07 Oct 1895 Rose-Anna Croteau Lewiston(SPP) 70B 70B Pierre-Wilfrid 24 Sep 1917 Rose-Éva Jutras Lewiston(SPP) 70C Roland 17 Jul 1933 Gertrude Glidden Lewiston(St.Jos.) Conrad 25 Oct 1969 Éva-A. Michaud Lewiston(SPP) 70C Maurice 23 Mar 1944 Rita Landry Auburn(St.Louis) 70D Paul-J. 31 May 1952 Theresa-Y. Bissonnette Auburn(St.Louis) 70D Laurier-Maur. 14 Aug 1970 Joyce-Elix. Marcoux Lewiston(St.Pat.) Réginald 21 May 1977 Pauline Tremblay Lewiston(SPP) 72A Auguste 21 May 1917 M.-Rose-Anna Tardif Lewiston(St.Mary) 72B Arthur-Noël 02 Nov 1921 M.-Alice-Éliane Aubé Auburn(St.Louis) 72B Lucien 24 Oct 1936 Dorothée Duquette Lewiston(SPP) 72C 30E Armand-J. 05 Jul 1927 Evelyn-May Lambert Skowhegan(OLL) 30F Albert 08 Jun 1946 Eléonore Bérubé Auburn(St.Louis) Léona-Cécile 28 Jul 1928 Michel-Frs. Breton Skowhegan(OLL) 72C Roland-Arthur 27 Aug 1960 Aline-Jeannine Simard Auburn(SH) M.-Béatrice 03 Jun 1929 Adolphe-Arthur Fluet Skowhegan(OLL) Robert 30 Sep 1961 Tena Lamontagne Lewiston(HC) M.-Oliva 18 Apr 1932 Lionel-Henri Michaud Skowhegan(OLL) 74A Grégoire 12 Feb 1906 Alphonsine Mercier Lewiston(SPP) Joseph-John 03 Aug 1940 Mildred-May Breton Skowhegan(OLL) 30G 85A Claudia 28 May 1916 Charles Rodrigue Waterville(SH) Albert-Henry 06 Jul 1957 Pauline-M. Barriault Skowhegan(OLL) 30H M.-Aline “Alice” 01 Sep 1930 Cyrille Breton Waterville(SH) 30F Audrey-Louise 05 Oct 1947 Royal-H. Wentworth Skowhegan(OLL) 91A Charles-Frs. 20 Jun 1921 Anna Bérubé Lewiston(St.Mary) Corinne-M. 15 Nov 1947 Howard-W. Thurston Skowhegan(OLL) ------Louis-Linwood 09 Jun 1951 Shirley-Agnes Chapman Skowhegan(OLL) 30J Other Lagacé families not fully traced: Janet-M. 15 Nov 1955 J.-Roland-A. Cassidy Skowhegan(OLL) A1 Pierre before 1835 Elisabeth Ouellet PQ A2 Armand-J. 28 Nov 1958 Carolyn-Amy Spooner Skowhegan(OLL) 30K A2 Stanislas 30 Jan 1855 Olympe Michaud Cacouna, R.-Lp. A3 Donald-James 03 Sep 1960 Claudette-M. Ellis Skowhegan(OLL) A3 Élie 07 Jan 1885 Marie Witter(Marquis!) Lewiston(SPP) A4 Diane-Judith 11 Nov 1961 Allan-Rich. Fitzmaurice Skowhegan(OLL) A4 Alphonse ! 21 Apr 1924 Desneiges Roux Lewiston(SPP) Brenda 26 Nov 1966 Gary-A. Malbon Skowhegan(OLL) J.-Éloi-E. ! 28 May 1928 M.-Alice Bélanger Lewiston(SPP) 30G M.-Evelyn 27 Aug 1966 Alfie-J. St-Peter Madison(St.Seb.) ------Edward 24 Jul 1971 Ruth-L. Dean Skowhegan(OLL) B1 Jean-Baptiste ____ Vitaline L’Heureux ______B2 30H Ann 27 May 1978 Ronald Washburn Skowhegan(OLL) B2 Samuel 26 Jul 1898 Mathilda Casavant Lewiston(SPP) B3 30J Adina 29 Dec 1973 Joseph Jordan Skowhegan(OLL) Camille-W. 01 Jun 1910 M.-Anna Laplante Lewiston(SPP) B4 Irwin-Dean 30 Aug 1975 Elaine-Frances Oberg Skowhegan(OLL) LAGACÉ 30K Jody-Lynne 25 Aug 1979 Lonnie-Frank Dickey Skowhegan(OLL) B3 Dominique 02 Jan 1933 Mabel Lachapelle Lewiston(SPP) B5 36A Élisée 24 Feb 1879 Sophronie Morin Lewiston(SPP) B4 Fernand 18 Aug 1934 Alma Lebel Lewiston(SPP) B6 42A Damase 24 Jan 1893 Flavie Lagacé St.David, Me. 42B B5 Joseph-D. 30 Mar 1963 Anita-Thérèse Campeau Auburn(SH) 42B Guillaume ‘Wm.” 03 Nov 1914 Anastasie Bélanger Caribou 42C (Continued on page 51) B6 Joseph 07 Apr 1956 Carmelle Duquette Lewiston(HC) (Continued on page 54) 51 Le Forum

http://www.acadiancultural.org/index.htm

52 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ

at Festival FrancoFun 2007 on August per on Saturday evening. (Guaranteed 3,4,5 at the Androscoggin Bank Colisee. NOT run out of beans.) See menu. The Franco-American Heritage The entire 3 day event will cost Center is proud and pleased to present for $25.00 and one day events will be $10.00 the second time its annual Festival Fran- per day. Buttons will be sold at The FAHC coFun where everyone of any race color and the Colisee. (no meals included) or creed is welcome to join the festivities For more information and experience the foods, music, and please call our Box Office at 689- ways of the Franco-American community. 2000 or the center at 783-1585. Bonhomme Carnaval de Quebec will grace us with his presence and LET THE GOOD TIMES ROLL AT numerous artists will perform in two THE FESTIVAL FRANCOFUN 2007. different areas of the Colisee for your entertainment throughout the entire Sincerely, Come celebrate with us the rich tra- weekend. (See programming schedule). Rita Dube ditions, music, customs, language, foods, A variety of French and other foods Executive Director and heritage of the Franco-Americans will be available including a bean sup-

Venez célébrer la richesse de la tradi- dans des différents endroits au Colisée tion, la musique, le patrimoine, la langue, pendant tout le week-end du Festival les mets et l’héritage des Franco-Améric- FrancoFun 2007 (Voyez le programme). ains au Festival FrancoFun 2007 le 3, 4, Une variété de plats Français et d’amuse- et 5 août au Androscoggin Bank Colisée. gueule et croque en bouche seront la a dé- Le Centre d’Héritage Franco- guster. N’oubliez surtout pas le « Baked Américain est fier d’annoncer pour la Bean supper » le samedi soir (et c’est deuxième fois son Festival FrancoFun garanti qu’on aura assez tout le monde). 689-2000 ou au Centre au 783-1585 2007 annuelle ou toutes les diversités Les trois jours d’événements Fes- sont les bienvenues et nous vous invitons tival FrancoFun 2007 ne coûteront que On va s’amuser, on va chanter, à participer aux festivités et à la dégusta- $25.00 et le billet journalier est seulement on va rigoler et ça va sauter ! tion des plats, la musique and les traditions $10.00. Les boutons seront vendus au de la communauté Franco-Américaine. Centre d’Héritage Franco-Américain et Sincèrement, Bonhomme Carnaval de Québec au Colisée. (Les repas ne sont pas inclus) Rita Dube nous animera avec sa présence et de Pour tous les renseignements, Directrice Exécutive nombreux artistes seront en spectacle composez le numéro au guichet

http://www.francoamericanheritage.org/ http://www.festivalfrancofun.com/index.

53 Le Forum C1 Joseph ____ Adèle Emond ______C2 C2 Joseph 07 Nov 1905 Angélina Labarré Lewiston(SPP) ------E1 Arthur ____ Dorilda Richard St.Cyprien ! E2 E2 J.-Élie 13 Jul 1903 M. Léontine Roy[-Desj.] St.Clément, Témis. E3 E3 Joseph-A .01 Aug 1953 Juliette Brillant Lewiston(St.Mary) ------F1 Joseph before 1907 Clarisse Dubé St.David, Me. ! F2 F2 Paul 13 May 1946 Blanche Lacasse Lewiston(St.Mary) F3 F3 Joanne 22 May 1971 Ronald Lagassé Lewiston(SPP) ------G1 Ernest before 1935 Olive Dufour Madawaska G2 G2 Ronald-F. 31 Aug 1963 Cécile-F. Chabot Auburn(St.Louis) George-Émile2 9 Jun1968 Patricia-Ann Martin Auburn(St.Louis) ------H1 Alfred before 1922 Rosilda Lepage Maine H2 H2 Alfred-Lucien 11 Sep 1954 Claire-Juliette Malo Lewiston(HF) René-J. 11 May 1957 Thérèse-J. Verreault Lewiston(HF) ------J1 Majorique before 1922 Alma Beaulieu Maine J2 J2 Robert 10 Jun 1950 Murielle Blais Lewiston(HC) ------K1 Conrad before 1935 Cécile Ayotte Maine K2 K2 Robert 09 Oct 1954 Nancy-Ann White Lewiston(St.Jos.) Richard-C. 28 Dec 1957 Pauline Côté Auburn(SH) ------L1 Donat before 1931 Joséphine Cyr Maine ! L2 L2 Joseph 25 Aug 1951 Priscille Dumont Lewiston(SPP) ------M1 Dosithée before 1925 Cécile Pineault Lewiston ! M2 M2 Réal 20 Jul 1946 Lorriane Gosselin Chisholm(St.Rose) M3 M3 Ronald 22 May 1971 Joanne Lagassé Lewiston(SPP) ------N1 Donat-I. before 1938 Anna Lizotte Maine ! N2 N2 Rodrigue-N. 27 Sep 1958 Constance-E. Ayotte Lewiston(SPP) Louis-Phil. 11 Sep 1962 Marie Gervais Lewiston(SPP) ------P1 Pierre before 1909 Pégite Michaud ______P2 P2 Paul 22 Apr 1929 Edith-L. Dufour Lewiston(SPP) ------Q1 Omer before 1907 Alma Bujold St.Omer, Bonav. Q2 Q2 Lévi-Léon-J. 23 Jun 1930 Alida-G. Patenaude Augusta(St.Aug.) Q3 Q3 Lorraine-Jacq. 07 Jun 1954 Alfred-Wm. Lambert Augusta(St.Aug.) Omer-Donald 11 Sep 1956 Anna-Jnte. Ouellette Augusta(St.Aug.) ------LAGACÉ R1 Benjamin before 1846 Justine Levesque PQ R2 R2 Benjamin 15 Oct 1866 Césarée Dionne St.Pacôme, Kam. R3 R3 Benjamin 29 Oct 1894 Anastasie Cyr Augusta(St.Aug.) ------S1 Omer before 1954 Mabel Dubé Greenville ! S2 S2 Louise-M. 05 Jul 1980 Victor-Kenneth Lettre Augusta ! (JOP) “ 30 Dec 1981 “ “ “ Augusta(St.Aug.) ------T1 George before 1947 Mary Muslawski Winslow(SJB)! T2 T2 Nancy-A. 17 Sep 1966 Donald-W. Marcoux Waterville(SH) ------U1 Albert-G. 06 Nov 1933 Phoebe-Germ. Roy-V. Frenchville U2 U2 Madeline 1m. 03 Jul 1956 Alan-Ulrick Rigg Bingham(St.Peter) “ 2m. ____ Vincent DeMoria Maine ! M.-Geneva 03 Aug 1953 Roland-C. Adams Bingham(St.Peter) Mildred-M. 18 May 1957 William-B. Pierce Bingham(St.Peter) (Continued on page 55) 54 Vol. 33 # 1 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ Famille Billaudeau Theresa-Const. 10 Oct 1959 Virgil-Albert Bonneau, Bingham(St.Peter) “ 2m. ____ Frank Norman Maine ou Bilodeau Joyce-Germaine 02 Jul 1959 Cecil-Leroy Beane, Bingham(St.Peter) Albert-Geo. 26 Apr 1975 Marsha-C. Beaulieu, Skowhegan(OLL) Si votre nom est Billaudeau ou Bi- Sylvia ____ James Obrey Maine ! lodeau, alors ce qui suit va vous interesser... ------Les Billaudeau de France reçoivent V1 Ulysses-J. before 1926 Lina-A. Santerre Caribou ! V2 leurs homonymes d’Amerique du Nord V2 Roland-Richard 09 Feb 1946 Bernice-Morton Tuttle, Skowhegan(OLL)V3 du 25 août au 6 septembre 2007. Un grand Frances-Thé. 09 Sep 1950 Harold-James Pottle, Skowhegan(OLL) rassemblement est organisé pour eux. M.-Carlene 22 Sep 1956 Jean-Antoine Lanctot Skowhegan(OLL) L’association de Famille Bil- V3 Linda-Lee 06 Nov 1965 Peter-Alan Jewell Skowhegan(OLL) laudeau a organisé un voyage de Penny 27 Aug 1972 Réginald Lespérance Madison(St.Seb.) Montreal, Quebec vers la France ------W1 Joseph before 1903 ______St.David, Me. W2 pour participer á cette réunion. W2 Léonard 03 Oct 1927 Joséphine Nadeau Skowhegan(OLL) ------Contact: Association de Famille X1 Hector before 1942 Alma Saucier Sinclair ! X2 Billaudeau X2 Georgette 07 Oct 1965 Wallace-Lee Barron Bingham(St.Peter) Daniele Billaudeau : Emery 22 Jul 1966 Sally-Ann Duplessis Bingham(St.Peter) 36 Rue des Ouches - 79460 Maynard-J. 16 Nov 1968 Pauline-Carol Rollins, Bingham(St.Peter) Magne - France / email: [email protected] Y1 Éloi before 1925 Euphémie Hébert Aroostook ! Y2 Y2 Elvine 31 Aug 1933 Amédée Caron Madison(St.Seb.) ------André Bilodeau : Z1 Chrysoslogue before 1917 Léonie Fontgémi St.David ! Z2 1906 Rue des Tulipes - La Z2 Onésime-Ed. 23 Jun 1947 Bernadette Beaulieu, Brunswick(SJB) Conception, Quebec, JOT 1MO ------Canada / abilodo333@hotmail. ZM Anne 09 Jul 1888 Henri Rouselle Augusta(St.Aug.) com ou [email protected]

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One way to support Le Je voudrais contribuer un article au Le FORUM au sujet de: FORUM while at the I would like to contribute an article to Le FORUM about: same time reserving life income is the establish- Tarif d’abonnement par la poste pour 4 numéros Subscription rates by mail for 4 issues: ment of a charitable gift États-Unis/United States –– Individus: $20 annuity with the Franco- Ailleurs/Elsewhere –– Individus: $25 American Centre Le FO- Organisation/Organizations –– Bibliothèque/Library: $40 Le FORUM RUM Fund at the Univer- Centre Franco-Américain, Orono, ME 04469-5719 sity of Maine Foundation. Call 1-800-982-8503. (Continued on page 55) 55 THE FRANCO AMERICAN CENTRE LE CENTRE FRANCO AMÉRICAlN DE OF THE l’UNIVERSITÉ DU MAINE UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Le Bureau des Affaires franco-américains de l’Université The University of Maine Office of Franco American Affairs du Maine fut fondé en 1972 par des étudiants et des bénévoles de was founded in 1972 by Franco American students and community la communauté franco-américaine. Cela devint par conséquent le volunteers. It subsequently became the Franco American Centre. Centre Franco-Américain. From the onset, its purpose has been to introduce and inte- Dès le départ, son but fut d’introduire et d’intégrer le Fait grate the Maine and Regional Franco American Fact in post-sec- Franco-Américain du Maine et de la Région dans la formation ondary academe and in particular the University of Maine. académique post-secondaire et en particulier à l’Université du Given the quasi total absence of a base of knowledge within Maine. the University about this nearly one-half of the population of the Étant donné l’absence presque totale d’une base de connais- State of Maine, this effort has sought to develop ways and means sance à l’intérieur même de l’Université, le Centre Franco-Améri- of making this population, its identity, its contributions and its cain s’efforce d’essayer de développer des moyens pour rendre history visible on and off campus through seminars, workshops, cette population, son identité, ses contributions et son histoire conferences and media efforts — print and electronic. visible sur et en-dehors du campus à travers des séminaires, des The results sought have been the redressing of historical ateliers, des conférences et des efforts médiatiques — imprimé et neglect and ignorance by returning to Franco Americans their his- électronique. tory, their language and access to full and healthy self realizations. Le résultat espéré est le redressement de la négligence et de Further, changes within the University’s working, in its structure l’ignorance historique en retournant aux Franco-Américains leur and curriculum are sought in order that those who follow may histoire, leur langue et l’accès à un accomplissement personnel sain experience cultural equity, have access to a culturally authentic et complet. De plus, des changements à l’intérieur de l’académie, base of knowledge dealing with French American identity and the dans sa structure et son curriculum sont nécessaires afin que ceux qui nous suivent puisse vivre l’expérience d’une justice culturelle, contribution of this ethnic group to this society. avoir accès à une base de connaissances culturellement authentique MISSION qui miroite l’identité et la contribution de ce groupe ethnique à la • To be an advocate of the Franco-American Fact at the société. University of Maine, in the State of Maine and in the region, and OBJECTIFS: 1 – D’être l’avocat du Fait Franco- • To provide vehicles for the effective and cognitive Américain à l’Université du Maine, dans l’État du Maine et dans expression of a collective, authentic, diversified and effective la région. voice for Franco-Americans, and 2 – D’offrir des véhicules d’expression affective et cognitive • To stimulate the development of academic and non- d’une voix franco-américaine effective, collective, authentique et academic program offerings at the University of Maine and in the diversifiée. state relevant to the history and life experience of this ethnic group 3 – De stimuler le développement des offres de programmes and académiques et non-académiques à l’Université du Maine et dans • To assist and support Franco-Americans in the actual- l’État du Maine, relatant l’histoire et l’expérience de la vie de ce ization of their language and culture in the advancement of groupe ethnique. careers, personal growth and their creative contribution to society, 4 – D’assister et de supporter les Franco-Américains dans and l’actualisation de leur langue et de leur culture dans l’avancement • To assist and provide support in the creation and imple- de leurs carrières, de l’accomplissement de leur personne et de leur mentation of a concept of pluralism which values, validates contribution créative à la société. and reflects affectively and cognitively the Multicultural Fact in 5 – D’assister et d’offrir du support dans la création et Maine and elsewhere in North America, and l’implémentation d’un concept de pluralisme qui value, valide et • To assist in the generation and dissemination of knowl- reflète effectivement et cognitivement le fait dans le Maine et ail- edge about a major Maine resource — the rich cultural and leurs en Amérique du Nord. 6 – D’assister dans la création et la publication de la con- language diversity of its people. naissance à propos d’une ressource importante du Maine — la riche diversité

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