Working Papers Global Migration: Consequences and Responses Paper 2019/17, June 2019 Border Management and Migration Controls in Italy Research report Andrea Terlizzi University of Florence © Università degli Studi di Firenze Reference: RESPOND [D2.2] This research was conducted under the Horizon 2020 project ‘RESPOND Multilevel Governance of Migration and Beyond’ (770564). The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to:
[email protected] This document is available for download at www.respondmigration.com Horizon 2020 RESPOND: Multilevel Governance of Migration in Europe and Beyond (770564) 2 Contents List of figures 4 List of tables 4 List of abbreviations 5 Acknowledgements 6 About the project 7 Executive summary 8 1. Introduction 9 2. Methodology 10 3. Developments since 2011: key aspects 12 4. Legal framework 13 4.1 Pre-entry measures 13 4.1.1 Visa policy 13 4.1.2 Carrier sanctions 16 4.1.3 Advance Passenger Information and Passenger Name Record 17 4.1.4 Immigration liaison officers 18 4.2 ‘At the border’ controls 18 4.2.1 Border surveillance (at sea) and search and sea rescue 20 4.2.2 Hotspots 21 4.3 Internal controls 22 4.4 Detention and return 23 5. Key discourses and narratives: the securitarian-humanitarian nexus 25 6. Implementation 28 6.1 Key actors 28 6.1.1 Pre-entry measures and internal controls 28 6.1.2 Border surveillance (at sea) and search and sea rescue 29 6.1.3 Hotspots 30 6.2 Key issues with implementing border and migration controls 32 6.2.1 Border surveillance 32 6.2.2 Hotspots, detention, and return 36 7.