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A UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three Flavonoids from Parasitic Loranthus and Their Pharmacokinetics in Rat Plasma

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A UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three Flavonoids from Parasitic Loranthus and Their Pharmacokinetics in Rat Plasma Cui et al Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research October 2019; 18 (10): 2175-2182 ISSN: 1596-5996 (print); 1596-9827 (electronic) © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. Available online at http://www.tjpr.org http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i10.25 Original Research Article A UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS method for simultaneous determination of three flavonoids from Parasitic loranthus and their pharmacokinetics in rat plasma Ying Cui1,2, Lingling Li1,2*, Shu Yang1, Hongli Wang1, Jing Feng1, Kai Ma3, Deen Han1 1School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, 3Henan Province Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China *For correspondence: Email: [email protected], [email protected] Sent for review: 29 December 2018 Revised accepted: 18 September 2019 Abstract Purpose: To develop and validate a chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of plasma levels of rutin, avicularin and quercitrin using UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. Methods: A sensitive, selective, and reliable UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the three flavonoids, with puerarin as internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were first treated with methanol, and then acidified using hydrochloric acid (HCl) prior to liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The flavonoids were separated on a Syncronis C18 column (100×2.1mm, 1.7 µm) using an elution gradient of acetonitrile and 0.1 % formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Results: A linear correlation was obtained for the three flavonoids over the investigated concentration range, with correlation coefficients > 0.9954. The values of validated lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.68, 1.42 and 2.54 ng/mL for rutin, avicularin and quercitrin, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) were < 10 %, while accuracy (RE) ranged from −3.76 to 4.04 %. Conclusion: The proposed method has been successfully validated and is suitable for studying the pharmacokinetics of the three analytes in rats treated with parasitic loranthus extract (PLE). Keywords: Parasitic loranthus, Rutin, Avicularin, Quercitrin, UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS, Pharmacokinetics This is an Open Access article that uses a fund-ing model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research is indexed by Science Citation Index (SciSearch), Scopus, International Pharmaceutical Abstract, Chemical Abstracts, Embase, Index Copernicus, EBSCO, African Index Medicus, JournalSeek, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), African Journal Online, Bioline International, Open-J-Gate and Pharmacy Abstracts INTRODUCTION Herbal” eighteen hundreds years ago [1]. As far as is known, loranthus is a semi-parasitic plant, Sang ji sheng, the branches and leaves of but the growth environment of the host trees parasitic loranthus, is a traditional Chinese varies widely [2]. The quality of medicinal medicine which was known in “Shennong's parasitic loranthus is affected by the nature of the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Trop J Pharm Res, October 2019; 18(10):2175 © 2019 The authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Cui et al host tree. These qualities include content of Chinese Medicine. Rutin, avicularin, and bioactive components and the efficacy of the quercitrin were purchased from Sichuang Vicket drug. Therefore, studies on the parasitic nature Company (Chengdu, China). Puerarin was of the relationship between loranthaceae and its supplied by China Research Institute of Food host have continued to engage the attention of and Drug Verification (Beijing, China). The researchers [3-7]. structures of the three flavonoids and puerarin are shown in Figure 2. Heparin sodium, sodium In China, parasitic loranthus is widely used in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) and formic many types of traditional Chinese medicinal acid were supplied by Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, prescriptions (TCMPs) for the treatment of USA). Acetonitrile and methanol were purchased soreness, threatened abortion, rheumatism and from Thermo Fisher. Hydrochloric acid and ethyl intractable dizziness [1]. Pharmacological studies acetate obtained from Tianjin Dasen Chemical demonstrate that parasitic loranthus exerts Products Sales Company, Tianjin, China. several pharmacological effects such as inhibition of fatty acid synthase and A pressurized fluid extract (PLE) was prepared. enhancement of weight loss [8]; diuretic and The dried parasitic loranthus (500 g) was hypotensive effects [9,10], antidiabetic effects extracted twice with 70 % ethanol. The extract [11,12], and protective effects on learning and was concentrated to 0.08 g/mL, and subjected to memory abilities [13]. Some reports show that separation and purification using elution through the parasitic loranthus which is also named AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin. First, Taxillus, is rich in flavonoids [14,15], as well as distilled water was used to elute the column, hemiterpenoid derivatives [16]. followed by elution with 50 % ethanol. The 50 % ethanol eluate was finally vacuum-dried to obtain Although the pharmacological and chemical a flavonoid-enriched extract (27.5 g). The properties of parasitic loranthus have attracted flavonoid-enriched extract was subjected to much research attention, not much is known HPLC analysis for determination of the contents about its pharmacokinetics. This study attempted of the three flavonoids. The results showed that to provide a new approach for determination of the levels of rutin, avicularin and quercitrin in the the bioactive components of parasitic loranthus PLE were 0.87, 1.10 and 3.74 %, respectively. in plasma, in order to characterize its pharmacokinetics. In previous studies, researchers found that the anti-rheumatic and anti-osteoporotic substances in loranthus were mainly flavonoids such as rutin, avicularin and quercitrin [17,18]. Rutin is one of the most active flavonoids, and it has been reported that it relieved pain and intra-ocular pressure when combined with vitamin C [19]. Avicularin and quercetin are potent inhibitors of fatty acid synthase [20]. Thus, it would be helpful to develop an approach which can be used for simultaneous determination of these three flavonoids. The UHPLC-MS/MS method provides high sensitivity and selectivity, and can be used for microanalysis of multi-components [21]. In recent years, it has been rapidly developed into Figure 1: Molecular mass and structures of the an important method for measuring the analytes and IS in negative electrospray ionization composition of trace components in food and mode drugs [22-26]. The present study was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetics of rutin, UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS instrument avicularin and quercitrin in rats. settings EXPERIMENTAL Chromatographic analysis was performed using Thermo UPLC System. Syncronis C18 column Materials and reagents was used at 30 ℃, and a gradient elution with water containing 0.1 % formic acid (A) and Dried parasitic loranthus was purchased from acetonitrile (B) was used at a flow rate of 0.30 Zhang Zhongjing Pharmacy, Henan, China. It mL/min as follows: 0 - 11 min with 14 - 42 % B; was authenticated by Professor Suiqing Chen 11 - 11.2 min with 42 - 14 % B, and 11.2 - 14.2 and Chengming Dong at Henan University of min with 14 % B. Trop J Pharm Res, October 2019; 18(10):2176 Cui et al Mass spectrometric analysis was performed with Selectivity, matrix effect and recovery Thermo Q-Exactive -Qibitrap-MS under the following conditions: voltage of 2.8 kV, 40 units of The selectivity was assessed by analyzing 6 sheath gas flow, 10 units of auxiliary gas flow, blank plasma samples (from different rats) which nitrogen flow rate of 10 mL/min, and temperature were spiked with rutin, avicularin, quercitrin and of 350 ℃. IS, and rat plasma sample treated with PLE (400 mg/kg) for 60 min. Calibration standards and quality control samples The extraction recoveries and matrix effects of the analytes were performed as described by Rutin, avicularin and quercitrin standards were Sun [28].When the ratios [(A/B × 100) %] of the dissolved in 10 mL of methanol to obtain analytes and IS solution ranged from 85 to 115 standard solutions of concentrations 43.2, 91.2 %, the matrix effect was negligible. and 162.4 μg/mL. The internal standard (IS) solution and working standard solution of IS were Precision, accuracy and stability prepared in methanol. Calibration standard samples and quality control (QC) samples were The precision, accuracy and stability were prepared by spiking blank rat plasma with determined according to the method described moderate working solutions. They were extracted by Sun [28]. using the same procedures for plasma samples. Pharmacokinetic studies Sample
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