DOCSLIB.ORG

Personality Predictors of IT Addiction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Personality Predictors of IT Addiction Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences j 2018 Personality Predictors of IT Addiction Isaac Vaghefi1 Hamed Qahri-Saremi1* Binghamton University, State University of New DePaul University York, NY, USA Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract of IT addiction [33, 39, 41], some other possibly Prior research on addiction has extensively looked important factors need more attention. One family of at the personality traits of individuals and their such factors is personality traits as potential antecedents interactions in explaining various types of substance of IT addiction, which is the focus of this study. and non-substance addictions. Recent studies have also Prior addiction literature has shown the salient role shown the importance of neuroticism, of personality on addiction. For instance, Miller [27] conscientiousness, and agreeableness on IT addiction. showed that certain personality types can predict Nevertheless, little is known in IS research regarding addiction and recovery of alcoholics. Additional the moderated effects of personality traits on the comparable studies [36, 48] suggest that individuals development of IT addiction. Given the increasing with certain personality traits may have more attention to the dark side of IT, in this study, we build on predisposition toward developing an addiction. Five-Factor personality model to propose a theoretical Moreover, prior addiction research has shown that the model that shows the direct and moderated effects of effect of each personality trait can possibly increase or neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness on decrease by other personality traits [37], suggesting a addiction to social networking sites (SNS). We complex interactions among personality traits and their empirically test our research model using data collected effects on the addiction. Given the ubiquity of IT use in from 275 SNS users and covariance-based structural personal life and work environment, it is critical that we equation modeling technique. Furthermore, we shed understand how personality traits may influence the light on the moderation effects of these factors on SNS usage patterns and the development of an addiction to addiction via two post-hoc analyses. The implications IT and the complexity of interactions among them. for theory and practice are discussed.1 Despite their importance, personality traits affecting IT addiction development have received minimal attention in the IS research. In particular, prior IS research has 1. Introduction largely overlooked the interaction effects among these factors and how they can influence their effects on It Research on the “dark side” of information systems addiction. (IS) use has been increasing during the last decade with The objective of this study is to fulfill this gap and numerous studies showing the negative consequences of extend the literature on IT addiction by shedding light maladaptive uses of IS. Defined as users’ maladaptive on key personality traits influencing IT addiction and dependency on the IT use that is associated with showing the complexity of interactions among these significant negative consequences on important life factors. To this end, we draw on the Five-Factor model activities for the users [19, 33, 38, 39, 42, 43], IT (FFM) to develop a research model that investigates the addiction is among the top concerns for both IS scholars role of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and and practitioners [43]. This is due to the ever-growing agreeableness along with their interactions on IT popularity of hedonic IT artifacts, such as social addiction. Our proposed research model was tested networking sites (SNS) and smartphone, and their using empirical data collected via two surveys from potentially negative consequences especially on SNS users. Our findings show that while neuroticism performance and productivity. While prior IS research has a positive effect on IT addiction, conscientiousness has explained the role and importance of some of the holds a negative effect. Furthermore, we find that the antecedents of addictive behaviors, such as maladaptive effect of conscientiousness and agreeableness on habits and perceptions, as important factors in formation 1. Authors’ contributions to this paper are equal. *. Corresponding Author: Hamed Qahri-Saremi ([email protected]). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/50546 Page 5274 ISBN: 978-0-9981331-1-9 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) addiction is moderated by neuroticism and predictors of IT addictions, in an attempt to understand conscientiousness, respectively. how to reduce or control IT addiction. For instance, These findings contribute to the emerging stream of prior research has highlighted the role of users’ research on the dark side of IT use by extending our motivations and needs, habit, self-regulation, perceived knowledge of the interaction effects among the enjoyment, prior use, or technology features in this personality traits and their influence on IT addiction. In regard [33, 39, 41]. this way, they provide a novel view toward better While the prior research findings have shed light on understanding the role of IT users and their personality some of the antecedents of IT addiction, little attention profiles vis-à-vis IT addiction. The findings will be has been devoted to the personality traits of the users helpful not just for researchers but also for the who tend to exhibit addictive technology use behaviors. practitioners (e.g. managers, policy makers) by An exception is a recent study [42] that identified providing a more holistic view of the personality types situational factors that trigger intense smartphone use that are more prone to addictive use of hedonic IT, and for addicts such as when bored, anxious, and emotional. highlighting that evaluation of a single personality may Nonetheless, these characteristics represent users’ not be helpful in predicting an addiction; rather, to temporary feelings and reactions to the environment, properly assess the likelihood of developing an IT rather than the stable personality traits, which are the addiction, they need to assess the personality profile of focus of our study. users and consider the possible interactions among the In contrary to such a trend in IS research, a various traits. significant body of research in general addiction literature has provided evidence showing that 2. IT Addiction and Personality personality traits of individuals can play a substantial role on formation and control of substance and behavioral addictions [7]. Looking at substance The topic of addiction has been the subject of addiction, several studies established the role of research for decades. The abundant research on this individuals’ differences among users who have a topic is due to the detrimental consequences that preference for various substances (e.g. see [9, 21]). addiction can impose on individuals suffering from this Extrapolating these findings to the context of IT behavioral problem. In common term, addiction is “a addiction, we contend that specific personality traits repetitive habit pattern that increases the risk of disease may be associated to IT addiction behaviors (e.g. and/or associated with personal and social smartphone, online games, or SNS addiction). To this problems…[which] are often experienced subjectively end, in this study, we aim to provide an overview of the as ‘loss of control’ [and] continues despite volitional key personality traits of users who show stronger attempts to abstain or moderate use” [22, p. 224]. The symptoms of IT addiction. Rather than arbitrarily term has mostly been referred to the maladaptive including all personality traits in this study, we follow a dependence on a substance or a behavior. For instance, theory-driven approach, and draw on the FFM [6] that people are known to develop addictions to eating, “theoretically capture[s] the essence of one’s shopping, gambling, drinking, smoking, working, and personality” [23, p. 810] along with the extant findings sexual behavior [38, 47]. Analogous to the behavioral 2 in psychology and addiction literatures to investigate the addiction, technology -related addictions have received effects of three personality traits on IT addiction, scholarly attention. For instance, Shotton’s classic study namely neuroticism, conscientiousness, and [31] focused on computer addiction of scientists and agreeableness. technicians, followed by other studies examining internet addiction (e.g. [11, 47]). In IS discipline, research on IT addiction has soared 3. Five-Factor Model (FFM) as new technologies (e.g. SNS and mobile devices) demand increasing time and attention from users [38]. FFM has been an influential framework for This is especially evident by recent statistics pointing to theoretically understanding human’s personality. The an alarming rate of technology use [1]. Similar to other model consists of five broad personality traits namely, behavioral addictions, IT addictions were bounded to neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, impose significant negative consequences such as openness to experience, and extraversion. Neuroticism reduced wellbeing and lower performance [41, 42]. refers to the extent to which a person experiences Hence, recently scholars have been trying to identify the negative emotions of stress, anxiety of depression. 2. It should be noted that not all technologies are equally utilitarian IT artifacts. In this study, our notion of technology addictive [45],
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 304 4th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2018) The Relationship between Personality and Self-Esteem towards University Students in Malaysia Eswari A/P Varanarasamma Avanish Kaur A/P Gurmit Singh University of Sains Malaysia University of Sains Malaysia [email protected] [email protected] Kavitha A/P Nalla Muthu University of Sains Malaysia [email protected] Abstract. This research investigated the relationship between personality traits and self-esteem among university students in Malaysia. The main objective of this research is to assess the relationship between personality traits and self-esteem among university students. This research examined the predictive value of Big Five Personality Factors for university students’ self-esteem and surveyed the gender difference in Big Five Personality Factors. Participants of this study were 515 university students (258 females and 257 males). The sampling method that was used in this study is purposive sampling. Two highly versatile instruments were used in this research which are Big Five Personality Factor's Scale (Goldberg, 1999) and Coopersmith’s Esteem Scale (CSEI). The Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) is comprised of 44 items, Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree). This instrument has five subscales which are extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), openness (O) and neuroticism (N). The CSEI is a 58 item scale developed by Coopersmith (1967) to measure self-esteem. This scale was based on two options which are, “Like me” or “Unlike me”. Results show a significant positive correlation of self-esteem and personality.
    [Show full text]
  • GRIT META-ANALYSIS 1 Much Ado About Grit
    GRIT META-ANALYSIS 1 Much Ado about Grit: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of the Grit Literature Marcus Credé Department of Psychology, Iowa State University [email protected] Michael C. Tynan Department of Psychology, Iowa State University [email protected] Peter D. Harms School of Management, University of Alabama [email protected] ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION: JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (Not the Paper of Record) Corresponding Author: Marcus Credé, Department of Psychology, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Road, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011-1041, [email protected]. GRIT META-ANALYSIS 2 Abstract Grit has been presented as a higher-order personality trait that is highly predictive of both success and performance and distinct from other traits such as conscientiousness. This paper provides a meta-analytic review of the grit literature with a particular focus on the structure of grit and the relation between grit and performance, retention, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and demographic variables. Our results based on 584 effect sizes from 88 independent samples representing 66,807 individuals indicate that the higher-order structure of grit is not confirmed, that grit is only moderately correlated with performance and retention, and that grit is very strongly correlated with conscientiousness. We also find that the perseverance of effort facet has significantly stronger criterion validities than the consistency of interest facet and that perseverance of effort explains variance in academic performance even after controlling for conscientiousness. In aggregate our results suggest that interventions designed to enhance grit may only have weak effects on performance and success, that the construct validity of grit is in question, and that the primary utility of the grit construct may lie in the perseverance facet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Structure of Conscientiousness: an Empirical Investigation Based on Seven Major Personality Questionnaires
    PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 58, 103–139 THE STRUCTURE OF CONSCIENTIOUSNESS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION BASED ON SEVEN MAJOR PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRES BRENT W. ROBERTS Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign OLEKSANDR S. CHERNYSHENKO University of Canterbury, New Zealand STEPHEN STARK University of South Florida LEWIS R. GOLDBERG Oregon Research Institute The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying structure of the trait domain of Conscientiousness using scales drawn from 7 major personality inventories. Thirty-six scales conceptually related to Consci- entiousness were administered to a large community sample (N = 737); analyses of those scales revealed a hierarchical structure with 6 factors: industriousness, order, self-control, responsibility, traditionalism, and virtue. All 6 factors demonstrated excellent convergent validity. Three of the 6 factors, industriousness, order, and self-control, showed good discriminant validity. The remaining 3 factors—responsibility, tradition- alism and virtue—appear to be interstitial constructs located equally between Conscientiousness and the remaining Big Five dimensions. In addition, the 6 underlying factors had both differential predictive va- lidity and provided incremental validity beyond the general factor of Conscientiousness when used to predict a variety of criterion variables, including work dedication, drug use, and health behaviors. In recent years, interest in personality measurement has increased among applied psychologists because of studies
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11756 Behind Every High Earning Man Is a Conscientious Woman: A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages Susan Averett Cynthia Bansak Julie Smith AUGUST 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11756 Behind Every High Earning Man Is a Conscientious Woman: A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages Susan Averett Lafayette College and IZA Cynthia Bansak St. Lawrence University and IZA Julie Smith Lafayette College AUGUST 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No.
    [Show full text]
  • When Does Conscientiousness Become Perfectionism?
    pSYCHIATRY When does conscientiousness become perfectionism? Traits, self-presentation styles, and cognitions suggest a persistent psychopathology r. C is a 50-year-old professional® writerDowden who Health Media recently made a serious suicide attempt. At his Minitial session, Mr. C was hesitant to discuss his situation and reason for attending.Copyright He did,For however, personal bring use only a copy of his résumé so the therapist could “get to know him quickly.” He said he had been depressed for a long time, especially since he found an error in one of his published works. His confi dence and writing abilities seemed to decline after this discovery, his career took a downturn, and ultimately he was fi red from his position. He described often being at odds with his supervisors at work, whom he saw as critical and condescending. He was mortifi ed by his job loss and LARDY did not inform his wife or friends of his fi ring. PHILIPPE 2007 Mr. C had always been a bit of a loner, and after losing © his job he further distanced himself from others. He began drinking heavily to avoid the pain of “letting everyone Paul L. Hewitt, PhD, RPsych down.” His wife, family, and friends were shocked at the Professor of psychology University of British Columbia suicide attempt and expressed dismay that Mr. C had not Vancouver confi ded in anyone. Gordon L. Flett, PhD Mr. C describes himself as being perfectionistic Canada Research Chair in Personality and Health throughout his life and never being quite good enough York University Toronto in any of his pursuits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dirty Dozen: a Concise Measure of the Dark Triad
    Psychological Assessment © 2010 American Psychological Association 2010, Vol. 22, No. 2, 420–432 1040-3590/10/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0019265 The Dirty Dozen: A Concise Measure of the Dark Triad Peter K. Jonason Gregory D. Webster University of West Florida University of Florida There has been an exponential increase of interest in the dark side of human nature during the last decade. To better understand this dark side, the authors developed and validated a concise, 12-item measure of the Dark Triad: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism. In 4 studies involving 1,085 participants, they examined its structural reliability, convergent and discriminant validity (Studies 1, 2, and 4), and test–retest reliability (Study 3). Their measure retained the flexibility needed to measure these 3 independent-yet-related constructs while improving its efficiency by reducing its item count by 87% (from 91 to 12 items). The measure retained its core of disagreeableness, short-term mating, and aggressiveness. They call this measure the Dirty Dozen, but it cleanly measures the Dark Triad. Keywords: Dark Triad, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, measurement The Dark Triad is a term used to describe a constellation of quiring scores on each measure to be standardized (Jonason, Li, three socially undesirable personality traits: narcissism, psychop- Webster, & Schmitt, 2009). athy, and Machiavellianism (Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Research Second, assessing the Dark Triad’s 91 items is inefficient, on the Dark Triad has increased exponentially over the last decade. time-consuming, and may cause response fatigue in some partic- An analysis of Google Scholar hit counts for “Dark Triad” in ipants. When studying the Dark Triad and one or more other scientific works reveals an explosive increase from one in 2002 to measures of interest (e.g., self-esteem, Big Five personality traits), at least 38 in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Trait Conscientiousness and Agreeableness in Relation to Positive and Negative Mood Self-Perceived Altruism
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Summer 2020 Trait Conscientiousness and Agreeableness in Relation to Positive and Negative Mood Self-Perceived Altruism Justin Thomas Robertello Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Personality and Social Contexts Commons Recommended Citation Robertello, Justin Thomas, "Trait Conscientiousness and Agreeableness in Relation to Positive and Negative Mood Self-Perceived Altruism" (2020). MSU Graduate Theses. 3530. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3530 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRAIT CONSCIENTIOUSNESS AND AGREEABLENESS IN RELATION TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MOOD SELF-PERCEIVED ALTRUISM A Master's Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State
    [Show full text]
  • Domains and Facets: Hierarchical Personality Assessment Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory
    JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT, 1995,64(1), 21-50 Copyright Q 1995, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Domains and Facets: Hierarchical Personality Assessment Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory Paul T. Costa, Jr. and Robert R. McCrae Gerontology Research Center National Institute on Aging, NZH Baltimore, MD Personality traits are organized hierarchically, with narrow, specific traits com- bining to define broad, global factors. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992c) assesses personality at bo1.h levels, with six specific facet scales in each of five broad domains. This article describes conceptual issues in specifying facets of a domain and reports evidence on the validity of NEO-PI-R facet scales. Facet analysis-the interpretation of a scale in terms of the specific facets with which it correlates-is illustrated using alternative measures of the five-factor model and occupational scales. Finally, the hierarchical interpretation of personality profiles is discussed. Interpreta- tion on the domain level yields a rapid understanding of the individual; inter- pretation of specific facet scales gives a more detailed assessment. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992c) is a 240-item questionnaire designed to operationalize the five-factor model of personality (FFM; Digman, 1990; McCrae & John, 1992). Over the past decade, the FFM has become a dominant paradigm in personality psy- chology, yet most attention has been focused on the EIig Five factors them- selves, to the neglect of the specific traits that define these factors. In this article we emphasize the facet scales of the NEO-PI-R, discussing the logic behind their development, the evidence of their discriminant validity, and their utility in interpreting the nature of other personality scales.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraversion
    Prepared for the Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior Mark Leary & Richard Hoyle (Editors) Guilford Extraversion Joshua Wilt and William Revelle Northwestern University For at least 2500 years, some people have been described as more bold, assertive and talkative than others. For almost equally long, this set of behaviors has been thought to have a biological basis and be socially important. Although our taxometric techniques have changed and our theories of biology are more advanced, the question of the causal basis as well as the behavioral consequences of the trait dimension that has come to be called extraversion-introversion1 remains vitally important. In general, there are at least three basic characteristics of extraversion that make it important to study. First, extraversion has emerged as one of the fundamental dimensions of personality (Costa & McCrae, 1992a; Digman, 1990; H. J. Eysenck & Himmelweit, 1947; Goldberg, 1990; Norman, 1963). As such, extraversion has the potential to explain the covariation of a wide variety of behaviors, which is is one of the central concerns for the field of personality (Funder, 2001). Second, extraversion predicts effective functioning and well-being across a wide variety of domains (Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006) from cognitive performance (Matthews, 1992) and social endeavors (Eaton & Funder, 2003) to social economic status (Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner, Caspi, & Goldberg, 2007). Third, extraversion predicts risk and also resilience for different forms of psychopathology (Trull & Sher, 1994; Widiger, 2005). 1Although occasionally one will see extroversion-introversion, the preferred spelling in psychological re- search is extraversion-introversion. For purposes of brevity we refer to the bipolar dimension of introversion- extraversion by referring to just one end of it, extraversion.
    [Show full text]
  • To What Extent Can the Big Five and Learning Styles Predict Academic Achievement
    Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.7, No.30, 2016 To What Extent Can the Big Five and Learning Styles Predict Academic Achievement Yaman Köseoğlu Lecturer; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Turkey Abstract Personality traits and learning styles play defining roles in shaping academic achievement. 202 university students completed the Big Five personality traits questionnaire and the Inventory of Learning Processes Scale and self-reported their grade point averages. Conscientiousness and agreeableness, two of the Big Five personality traits, related positively with all four learning styles, namely synthesis-analysis, methodical study, fact retention and elaborative processing. On the other hand, neuroticism was found to have a negative relationship with all four learning styles. Furthermore, both extraversion and openness appeared to have positive relationships with elaborative processing. The results of the Big Five personality traits explained 17% of the variance in grade point average and learning style added 5% , indicating that both contribute to academic performance. Further, the relationship between openness and GPA was mediated by synthesis-analysis and elaborative processing, both reflective learning styles. These findings suggest that when students process information thoroughly and meticulously and combine such an approach with intellectual curiosity, their academic performance will be enhanced. The impacts of these findings on teaching techniques and curriculum design are also deliberated. Keywords: Learning styles, reflective, synthesis-analysis, Big Five, conscientiousness, openness, academic achievement, 1. Introduction The way of processing, encoding, recalling, organizing and applying the knowledge assimilated changes from student to student in universities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Authentic Leadership Bronti Baptiste Walden University
    Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2018 The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Authentic Leadership Bronti Baptiste Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Bronti Baptiste has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Bernadette Dorr, Committee Chairperson, Psychology Faculty Dr. David Kriska, Committee Member, Psychology Faculty Dr. Thomas Edman, University Reviewer, Psychology Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2018 Abstract The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Authentic Leadership by Bronti A.M. Baptiste MA, Walden University, 2007 BS, Missouri Southern State University, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Organizational Psychology Walden University January 2018 Abstract Effective leadership, ethical leadership, and leadership emergence have been extensively researched, but there remains a lack of research on the relationship between the big 5 personality traits and authentic leadership. This quantitative study was based on the empirical principles of the big 5 model and guided by the big 5 theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Openness to Experience: a Four-Factor Model and Relations to Creative Achievement in the Arts and Sciences
    SCOTT BARRY KAUFMAN Opening up Openness to Experience: A Four-Factor Model and Relations to Creative Achievement in the Arts and Sciences ABSTRACT Openness to experience is the broadest personality domain of the Big Five, includ- ing a mix of traits relating to intellectual curiosity, intellectual interests, perceived intelligence, imagination, creativity, artistic and aesthetic interests, emotional and fan- tasy richness, and unconventionality. Likewise, creative achievement is a broad con- struct, comprising creativity across the arts and sciences. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between openness to experience and creative achievement. Toward this aim, I factor analyzed a battery of tests of cognitive ability, working mem- ory, Intellect, Openness, affect, and intuition among a sample of English Sixth Form students (N = 146). Four factors were revealed: explicit cognitive ability, intellectual engagement, affective engagement, and aesthetic engagement. In line with dual- process theory, each of these four factors showed differential relations with personality, impulsivity, and creative achievement. Affective engagement and aesthetic engagement were associated with creative achievement in the arts, whereas explicit cognitive ability and intellectual engagement were associated with creative achievement in the sciences. The results suggest that the Intellectual and Openness aspects of the broader openness to experience personality domain are related to different modes of information processing and predict different
    [Show full text]