What to Consider When Constructing Personality State Measures
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 304 4th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2018) The Relationship between Personality and Self-Esteem towards University Students in Malaysia Eswari A/P Varanarasamma Avanish Kaur A/P Gurmit Singh University of Sains Malaysia University of Sains Malaysia [email protected] [email protected] Kavitha A/P Nalla Muthu University of Sains Malaysia [email protected] Abstract. This research investigated the relationship between personality traits and self-esteem among university students in Malaysia. The main objective of this research is to assess the relationship between personality traits and self-esteem among university students. This research examined the predictive value of Big Five Personality Factors for university students’ self-esteem and surveyed the gender difference in Big Five Personality Factors. Participants of this study were 515 university students (258 females and 257 males). The sampling method that was used in this study is purposive sampling. Two highly versatile instruments were used in this research which are Big Five Personality Factor's Scale (Goldberg, 1999) and Coopersmith’s Esteem Scale (CSEI). The Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) is comprised of 44 items, Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree). This instrument has five subscales which are extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), openness (O) and neuroticism (N). The CSEI is a 58 item scale developed by Coopersmith (1967) to measure self-esteem. This scale was based on two options which are, “Like me” or “Unlike me”. Results show a significant positive correlation of self-esteem and personality. -
GRIT META-ANALYSIS 1 Much Ado About Grit
GRIT META-ANALYSIS 1 Much Ado about Grit: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of the Grit Literature Marcus Credé Department of Psychology, Iowa State University [email protected] Michael C. Tynan Department of Psychology, Iowa State University [email protected] Peter D. Harms School of Management, University of Alabama [email protected] ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION: JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (Not the Paper of Record) Corresponding Author: Marcus Credé, Department of Psychology, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Road, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011-1041, [email protected]. GRIT META-ANALYSIS 2 Abstract Grit has been presented as a higher-order personality trait that is highly predictive of both success and performance and distinct from other traits such as conscientiousness. This paper provides a meta-analytic review of the grit literature with a particular focus on the structure of grit and the relation between grit and performance, retention, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and demographic variables. Our results based on 584 effect sizes from 88 independent samples representing 66,807 individuals indicate that the higher-order structure of grit is not confirmed, that grit is only moderately correlated with performance and retention, and that grit is very strongly correlated with conscientiousness. We also find that the perseverance of effort facet has significantly stronger criterion validities than the consistency of interest facet and that perseverance of effort explains variance in academic performance even after controlling for conscientiousness. In aggregate our results suggest that interventions designed to enhance grit may only have weak effects on performance and success, that the construct validity of grit is in question, and that the primary utility of the grit construct may lie in the perseverance facet. -
Personality Theory and the Nature of Human Nature Robert Hogan
Personality Theory and The Nature of Human Nature Robert Hogan & Ryne A. Sherman Hogan Assessment Systems Pre-print under review for special issue at Personality and Individual Differences Abstract This overview of modern personality theory makes six points. First, personality theory is crucial for understanding life. Second, life is largely about competition. Third, there is competition within groups for individual status, and there is competition between groups for collective survival. Fourth, academic psychology focuses on within group competition, but between group competition can be more consequential. Fifth, successful within group competition depends on social skill; successful between group competition depends on leadership. And finally, personality determines/explains the outcome of both forms of competition. Personality Theory and The Nature of Human Nature People are the deadliest invasive species in the history of the earth. People have the potential to kill every living thing and, in certain instances have already done so (e.g., passenger pigeons, western black rhinoceros, great auk) or are on their way to doing so (e.g., sea turtles, elephants, tigers, polar bears). Given their frightful potential and world-wide presence, it would be useful to know something about people. Personality psychology is the “go-to” discipline for understanding people; personality psychology is the only discipline whose primary focus is the nature of human nature. What does personality psychology tell us about human nature? The answer depends on whom you ask; or more precisely, to which theory of personality you subscribe. Modern personality psychology began in Vienna at the end of the 19th century, where an amazing flowering of human creativity brought revolutions in a wide variety of fields including architecture, music, physics, medicine, music, painting, literature, economics, and especially philosophy. -
The Structure of Conscientiousness: an Empirical Investigation Based on Seven Major Personality Questionnaires
PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 58, 103–139 THE STRUCTURE OF CONSCIENTIOUSNESS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION BASED ON SEVEN MAJOR PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRES BRENT W. ROBERTS Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign OLEKSANDR S. CHERNYSHENKO University of Canterbury, New Zealand STEPHEN STARK University of South Florida LEWIS R. GOLDBERG Oregon Research Institute The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying structure of the trait domain of Conscientiousness using scales drawn from 7 major personality inventories. Thirty-six scales conceptually related to Consci- entiousness were administered to a large community sample (N = 737); analyses of those scales revealed a hierarchical structure with 6 factors: industriousness, order, self-control, responsibility, traditionalism, and virtue. All 6 factors demonstrated excellent convergent validity. Three of the 6 factors, industriousness, order, and self-control, showed good discriminant validity. The remaining 3 factors—responsibility, tradition- alism and virtue—appear to be interstitial constructs located equally between Conscientiousness and the remaining Big Five dimensions. In addition, the 6 underlying factors had both differential predictive va- lidity and provided incremental validity beyond the general factor of Conscientiousness when used to predict a variety of criterion variables, including work dedication, drug use, and health behaviors. In recent years, interest in personality measurement has increased among applied psychologists because of studies -
Leadership Theory: a Different Conceptual Approach
Journal of Leadership Education DOI:10.12806/V17/I2/T1 APRIL 2018 THEORY Leadership Theory: A Different Conceptual Approach William E. Allen, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Fort Hays State University Abstract Creating a logical and consistent picture of the state of leadership theory and research is a difficult task (Hernandez, Eberly, Avolio, & Johnson, 2011). Attempts to describe leadership studies occasionally include words such as “paradox,” “inconsistencies,” “contradictions,” and “messy” (Brungardt, 1996; Klenke, 1993). These adjectives flow from many diverse ways of thinking about leadership (Bass, 2008; Grint, 2000; Northouse, 2015; Ruben, 2012). This paper presents an alternative view of leadership theory providing practitioners, educators, and students with an additional-and perhaps a singular-conceptual framework for their toolbox. It also provides leadership studies students with a unifying perspective of leadership theory without taking anything away from individual theories. Introduction This idea for a thirty-thousand-foot alternative view of leadership theory developed out of the challenges associated with teaching leadership studies concepts in China cross-culturally to Chinese students. The understanding of leadership theory that follows allows the reader to grasp the depth and breadth of discipline content in a way that makes sense from a holistic perspective. The new point of view encourages discussion with the hope for a more efficacious understanding of leadership theory in any part of the world. Prior papers have noted this same need and interest (Harter, 2012; Martin & Allen, 2016; Paxton & Van Stralen, 2016; Perkins, 2009). Moreover, this paper answers the call for a critical perspective that goes well beyond the currently available approach by addressing core assumptions in the field (Tourish, 2015). -
A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11756 Behind Every High Earning Man Is a Conscientious Woman: A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages Susan Averett Cynthia Bansak Julie Smith AUGUST 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11756 Behind Every High Earning Man Is a Conscientious Woman: A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages Susan Averett Lafayette College and IZA Cynthia Bansak St. Lawrence University and IZA Julie Smith Lafayette College AUGUST 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. -
When Does Conscientiousness Become Perfectionism?
pSYCHIATRY When does conscientiousness become perfectionism? Traits, self-presentation styles, and cognitions suggest a persistent psychopathology r. C is a 50-year-old professional® writerDowden who Health Media recently made a serious suicide attempt. At his Minitial session, Mr. C was hesitant to discuss his situation and reason for attending.Copyright He did,For however, personal bring use only a copy of his résumé so the therapist could “get to know him quickly.” He said he had been depressed for a long time, especially since he found an error in one of his published works. His confi dence and writing abilities seemed to decline after this discovery, his career took a downturn, and ultimately he was fi red from his position. He described often being at odds with his supervisors at work, whom he saw as critical and condescending. He was mortifi ed by his job loss and LARDY did not inform his wife or friends of his fi ring. PHILIPPE 2007 Mr. C had always been a bit of a loner, and after losing © his job he further distanced himself from others. He began drinking heavily to avoid the pain of “letting everyone Paul L. Hewitt, PhD, RPsych down.” His wife, family, and friends were shocked at the Professor of psychology University of British Columbia suicide attempt and expressed dismay that Mr. C had not Vancouver confi ded in anyone. Gordon L. Flett, PhD Mr. C describes himself as being perfectionistic Canada Research Chair in Personality and Health throughout his life and never being quite good enough York University Toronto in any of his pursuits. -
The Dirty Dozen: a Concise Measure of the Dark Triad
Psychological Assessment © 2010 American Psychological Association 2010, Vol. 22, No. 2, 420–432 1040-3590/10/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0019265 The Dirty Dozen: A Concise Measure of the Dark Triad Peter K. Jonason Gregory D. Webster University of West Florida University of Florida There has been an exponential increase of interest in the dark side of human nature during the last decade. To better understand this dark side, the authors developed and validated a concise, 12-item measure of the Dark Triad: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism. In 4 studies involving 1,085 participants, they examined its structural reliability, convergent and discriminant validity (Studies 1, 2, and 4), and test–retest reliability (Study 3). Their measure retained the flexibility needed to measure these 3 independent-yet-related constructs while improving its efficiency by reducing its item count by 87% (from 91 to 12 items). The measure retained its core of disagreeableness, short-term mating, and aggressiveness. They call this measure the Dirty Dozen, but it cleanly measures the Dark Triad. Keywords: Dark Triad, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, measurement The Dark Triad is a term used to describe a constellation of quiring scores on each measure to be standardized (Jonason, Li, three socially undesirable personality traits: narcissism, psychop- Webster, & Schmitt, 2009). athy, and Machiavellianism (Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Research Second, assessing the Dark Triad’s 91 items is inefficient, on the Dark Triad has increased exponentially over the last decade. time-consuming, and may cause response fatigue in some partic- An analysis of Google Scholar hit counts for “Dark Triad” in ipants. When studying the Dark Triad and one or more other scientific works reveals an explosive increase from one in 2002 to measures of interest (e.g., self-esteem, Big Five personality traits), at least 38 in 2009. -
Personality Traits
Personality Traits SECOND EDITION GERALD MATTHEWS University of Cincinnati IAN J. DEARY University of Edinburgh MARTHA C. WHITEMAN University of Edinburgh published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1998. Reprinted 1999, 2000, 2002 Second edition 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typefaces Times 10/13 pt. Formata System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Matthews, Gerald. Personality traits / Gerald Matthews, Ian J. Deary, Martha C. Whiteman. – 2nd edn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 83107 5 – ISBN 0 521 53824 6 (pb) 1. Personality. I. Deary, Ian J. II. Whiteman, Martha C. III. Title. BF698.M3434 2003 155.23 – dc21 2003046259 ISBN 0 521 83107 5 hardback ISBN 0 521 53824 6 paperback The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. -
Trait Conscientiousness and Agreeableness in Relation to Positive and Negative Mood Self-Perceived Altruism
BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Summer 2020 Trait Conscientiousness and Agreeableness in Relation to Positive and Negative Mood Self-Perceived Altruism Justin Thomas Robertello Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Personality and Social Contexts Commons Recommended Citation Robertello, Justin Thomas, "Trait Conscientiousness and Agreeableness in Relation to Positive and Negative Mood Self-Perceived Altruism" (2020). MSU Graduate Theses. 3530. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3530 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRAIT CONSCIENTIOUSNESS AND AGREEABLENESS IN RELATION TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MOOD SELF-PERCEIVED ALTRUISM A Master's Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State -
The Psychometric Evaluation of a Personality Selection Tool
Seattle aP cific nivU ersity Digital Commons @ SPU Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations Psychology, Family, and Community, School of Spring January 18th, 2017 The syP chometric Evaluation of a Personality Selection Tool James R. Longabaugh Seattle Pacific nU iversity Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/iop_etd Part of the Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Longabaugh, James R., "The sP ychometric Evaluation of a Personality Selection Tool" (2017). Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations. 10. https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/iop_etd/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology, Family, and Community, School of at Digital Commons @ SPU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ SPU. The Psychometric Evaluation of a Personality Selection Tool James Longabaugh A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Seattle Pacific University January, 2017 THE PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF A PERSONALITY INSTRUMENT i Acknowledgments The question of whether it is the journey or the destination that is more important has never been so clear; it is the journey. There have been so many people who have helped and supported me along the way, and I only hope that I can acknowledge as many of them as possible. It is with great gratitude that I extend thanks to each and every one who has helped me attain this high honor, but more so for their contributions of inspiration and motivation along the way. First and foremost, my advisor, my mentor, and my dissertation chair, Dr. -
Domains and Facets: Hierarchical Personality Assessment Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT, 1995,64(1), 21-50 Copyright Q 1995, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Domains and Facets: Hierarchical Personality Assessment Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory Paul T. Costa, Jr. and Robert R. McCrae Gerontology Research Center National Institute on Aging, NZH Baltimore, MD Personality traits are organized hierarchically, with narrow, specific traits com- bining to define broad, global factors. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992c) assesses personality at bo1.h levels, with six specific facet scales in each of five broad domains. This article describes conceptual issues in specifying facets of a domain and reports evidence on the validity of NEO-PI-R facet scales. Facet analysis-the interpretation of a scale in terms of the specific facets with which it correlates-is illustrated using alternative measures of the five-factor model and occupational scales. Finally, the hierarchical interpretation of personality profiles is discussed. Interpreta- tion on the domain level yields a rapid understanding of the individual; inter- pretation of specific facet scales gives a more detailed assessment. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992c) is a 240-item questionnaire designed to operationalize the five-factor model of personality (FFM; Digman, 1990; McCrae & John, 1992). Over the past decade, the FFM has become a dominant paradigm in personality psy- chology, yet most attention has been focused on the EIig Five factors them- selves, to the neglect of the specific traits that define these factors. In this article we emphasize the facet scales of the NEO-PI-R, discussing the logic behind their development, the evidence of their discriminant validity, and their utility in interpreting the nature of other personality scales.