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L E F R a N C E le magicien d'Oz The wizard of O Z FFICHE FILM de Victor Fleming fiche technique USA 1938/39 1H40 Réalisateur : Victor Fleming Scénario : N .Langley F. Ryerson d'après le roman de Franck Baum "The won- derful wizard of Oz" Musique : Harold Arlen Interprètes : Judy Garland dans Le Magicien d'Oz Judy Garland Résumé Billie Burke Magaret Hamilton Dorothy est une petite orpheline qui vit et de le ramener à la maison, c’est de avec sa tante et son oncle, qu’elle adore, s’emparer des chaussures rouges de la Ray Bolger presque autant que son chien Toto. Mais méchante fée et d’aller voir le Grand Jack Kaley celui-ci est la bête noire de Miss Peabody Magicien dans son palais d’Emeraude, à Bert Lhar l’institutrice. Et celle-ci de rêver à un Oz. Et la voilà qui part sur la route de monde plus beau, plus coloré, plus heu- pavés jaunes (“The yellow brick road”). En reux, “là-bas, de l’autre côté de chemin, elle rencontre un homme de l’arc-en-Ciel” (“over the rainbow”). Monde paille, qui en a assez d’être un épouvantail dans lequel, à la suite d’une tornade, elle au coin d’un champ et qui voudrait avoir se trouve transportée au pays des un cerveau ; un homme de métal qui vou- Munchkins, créatures minuscules, protégés drait avoir un cœur, et un lion peureux qui par Glinda, la bonne fée de l’Est, mais voudrait avoir du courage. Et tous les constamment menacés par la mauvaise fée quatre, ils partent pour le pays d’Oz. Leur de l’Ouest (le sosie de Miss Peabody). La chemin sera jonché d’embûches tendues seule chance de Dorothy de retrouver Toto par la méchante fée. En chemin, l’homme L E F R A N C E 1 D O C U M E N T S de paille fera preuve d’intelligence, Henri Béhar plutôt Chirley Temple ! Grâce à Dieu, la l’homme de métal de cœur, et le lion de Le film référence de la carrière de 20th Century Fox ne "la prêta pas". Du courage, et peu importe si le magicien Judy.Une double identification : la petite moins pas pour ce film ! J'ai demandé à d’Oz n’est qu’un savant imposteur. Se fermière du Kansas, jeune fille américai- Harold Arlen et 'Yip'Harburg d'écrire la réveillant de son évanouissement (car ne saine, et la chanson "Over the musique. "Over the Rainbow" fut retiré Rainbow" symbolisant la quête de l'inac- tout cela n’était qu’un rêve) Dorothy du film après une présentation aux pro- cessible . comprend que le bonheur est parfois à A l'origine,ouvrage de littérature enfan- fessionnels, mais je décidai de la portée de la main et qu’il n’est pas tou- tine (déjà adapté à Hollywood en 1925 remettre avant la sortie du film." jours nécessaire d’aller le chercher dans une version muette), le conte se Ext. de Judy Garland ailleurs, de l’autre côté de l’arc-enciel. prête à diverses interprétations : méta- de J. Morella et E.Z. Epstein physique (la recherche de l'absolu), fan- éd. Henri Veyrier tastique (l'arc-en-ciel ,c'est "l'autre côté du miroir").Prudent ,le studio se garda Analyse de développer l'aspect psychanalytique en faisant émerger très vite Judy de son Après le succès colossal, au début de Jouant à fond la féérie, Le magicien univers onirique, peuplé de créatures 1938, de Blanche-Neige et les sept d’Oz, noir et blanc jusqu’à la tornade, perverses .Dorothy est convaicue à tout nains, premier long métrage de Walt devient film en couleurs dès que l’on jamais que "rien ne vaut un bon chez Disney, qui combinait les formules du passe de “l’autre côté de l’arc-en-ciel” soi!" En 1972, John Boorman fit référen- conte pour enfants, du récit fantastique où l’on se retrouve dans un monde ce à cet univers occulte dans son film et de la comédie musicale, la MGM va proche du dessin animé, autant que cela Zard Oz (anagramme du titre original, essayer de conquérir le même public est possible avec des acteurs. Même The Wizard of Oz.) avec ses moyens propres. C’est Arthur liberté du “tout peut animer” lorsque Judy avait 17 ans lorsque le film sortit Freed, auteur de Iyrics pour la firme et l’imagination est au pouvoir. Décors en 1939. Elle obtient une récompense futur producteur associé du Magicien peints à la main (la serpentine “route de spéciale pour ce rôle jugé : "la meilleure d’Oz, qui conseillera à Louis B. Mayer briques jaunes” est devenue légendaire interprétation enfantine de l'année".La d’acquérir les droits des histoires de L. - l’expression fait partie du langage M.G.M. n'avait pas lésiné sur le budget Frank Baum célèbres à travers toute commun ; on dit de quelqu’un : “il est de l'entreprise : photographie en noir et l’Amérique (elles avaient d’ailleurs fait aussi droit que la ligne de briques blanc et en couleur (pour symboliser le l’objet de plusieurs adaptations à jaunes” pour signifier qu’il est faux jeton rêve) ,et un décor fabuleux pour recréer l’époque du muet). L’autre apport déter- comme pas deux), personnages exem- la terre magique d'Oz. On n'oubliera pas minant d’Arthur Freed au film sera de plaires et mythiques : l’épouvantail, le les personnages féériques rencontrés défendre contre vents et marées le lion, l’homme de métal. sur la Yellow brick road: les minuscules choix de Judy Garland pour le rôle prin- Le message “le bonheur est au pas de Munchkins interprétés par une troupe de cipal. Très vite la préparation et la votre porte” n’est pas asséné, mais sim- comédiens de vaudeville, l'épouvantail : pré-production du film indiquent que Le plement et astucieusement mêlé à la Ray Bolger, l'homme de fer : Jack Haley Magicien d’Oz sera placé, comme un trame dramatique et musicale (ce n’est et Bert Lahr en lion peureux.Mention peu plus tard Autant en emporte le pas un hasard si ce film est sorti aux spéciale pour la vilaine sorcière : vent, sous le signe du gigantisme (65 USA en 1939). Ce film, qui devait défini- Margaret Hamilton. décors, 4 000 costumes pour I 000 inter- tivement lancer Judy Garland a failli se Arthur Freed déclare à propos du tourna- prètes, 136 jours de tournage, un coût faire sans elle, la MGM souhaitant ge:"Lorsque Louis B. Mayer me parla de final de 2 700 000 dollars) et de la mul- engager Shirley Temple pour ce rôle de la possibilité de devenir producteur, tiplication des difficultés. La plupart des Dorothy, allant jusqu’à proposer à la j'achetai à Sam Goldwyn The Wizard postes de production et des principaux Warner Bros, qui tenait Shirley Temple of Oz . Il détenait les droits depuis plu- rôles seront tenus par une succession sous contrat, de leur prêter en échange sieurs années. Je commençai par être de protagonistes plus ou moins provi- Clark Gable et Jean Harlow. Exemple producteur associé du film, mais le bud- soires. Si le scénario est signé par trois type de film de producteur ou de film de get était tel que Louis B.Mayer me sug- auteurs, une dizaine de rédacteurs tra- studio : les réalisateurs se sont succédé géra de prendre pour producteur Mervin vaillèrent à son élaboration et à ses - et si le film est signé Victor Fleming, la Le Roy. Mervin et moi voulions tous diverses versions (parmi lesquels séquence où Judy Garland chante “Over deux Judy pour le rôle de Dorothy.Mais Herman Mankiewicz, Samuel the rainbow” est, elle, de King Vidor. les financiers du studio conseillaient Hoffenstein, Ogden Nash, John Lee L E F R A N C E SALLE D'ART ET D'ESSAI CLASSÉE RECHERCHE 8, RUE DE LA VALSE 42100 SAINT-ETIENNE RÉPONDEUR : 77.32.71.71 2 77.32.76.96 Fax:77.25.11.83 D O C U M E N T S Mahin, etc.). Vu dans ses grandes tenir la partie musicale - pourtant res- permanente à l’esprit que la firme lignes, ce scénario présente par rapport treinte - de son rôle. On peut penser - entendait donner au film. Tant d’efforts à l’œuvre originale quelques différences quitte à scandaliser les inconditionnels financiers, techniques et humains abou- notables qu’on peut attribuer à l’esprit de Judy Garland - qu’elle aurait été une tirent, dès la sortie, à un succès triom- précautionneux et bien pensant de la Dorothy plus vivante et au jeu plus varié phal qui ne se démentit pas lors des Metro. Le voyage au Pays d’Oz est pré- que celle que nous connaissons. Dans le deux grandes ressorties des années 40 senté dans le film comme un rêve, alors rôle du Tin Man (I’Homme en fer blanc), et 50 puis lors des nombreux passages qu’il est une réalité chez L. Frank Baum; Buddy Ebsen laissa la place, à la fin des à la télévision. (En France, la réputation et toute la violence, la monstruosité des deux semaines de tournage avec du Magicien d’Oz est surtout d’ordre personnages et des péripéties qu’il avait Richard Thorpe, à Jack Haley et le film cinéphilique et date de sa ressortie en inventés ont disparu de l’intrigue. La n’y gagna sûrement rien. Mais le regret circuit art et essai, il y a une vingtaine première altération a au moins eu majeur est sans doute que W.C.
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