CHAPTER 5 PRODUCTS of ANIMAL ORIGIN, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED I 5-1 Notes: 1
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Keeping Pheasants
KKKEEEEEEPPPIIINNNGGG PPPHHHEEEAAASSSAAANNNTTTSSS AAASSS AAA HHHOOOBBBBBBYYY Text and photos: Jan Willem Schrijvers Photo above: Siamese Fireback pheasant male(Lophura diardi). ORIGIN AND LIFESTYLE OF THE WILD PHEASANT Pheasants are wild gallinaceous birds all originating in Asia. One exception is the Congo peacock from Africa. (The pheasants also include game fowl and peacocks.) Each species has its own characteristics and life habits. There are species that live in tropical rain forests, but there are species that live in the mountains, on cold plains. This is something to take in account when housing our pheasants (with or without a night coop, with or without heating). Most species live in and around the mountains with a woodland vegetation, where they can find lots of berries, greens and seeds. It is of utmost importance to first consider the habits and living conditions of the species you want to keep. Only with proper housing will these beautiful birds show to their fullest, and reproduce. PHEASANTS IN AVIARIES In the past there were some "pheasant farms" which mainly bred the common pheasant (also known as ring-neck pheasant). The birds on these farms were bred for sport hunting. They were released en masse in the autumn in the fields and other areas to be shot for the sport. Some escaped from the hunters and that is why today we can see wild pheasants roam our fields and woods. These pheasants have also succeeded in reproducing themselves, even though they are not native birds. The birds are also kept for their colourful feathers. Each year I see Prince Carnival walk again with the beautiful feathers of the Reeves's Pheasant at his cocked hat. -
Changes to Category C of the British List†
Ibis (2005), 147, 803–820 Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Changes to Category C of the British List† STEVE P. DUDLEY* British Ornithologists’ Union, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK In its maintenance of the British List, the British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee (BOURC) is responsible for assigning species to categories to indicate their status on the List. In 1995, the British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU) and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) held a conference on naturalized and introduced birds in Britain (Holmes & Simons 1996). This led to a review of the process of establishment of such species and the terms that best describe their status (Holmes & Stroud 1995) as well as a major review of the categorization of species on the British List (Holmes et al. 1998). The BOURC continues to review the occurrence and establishment of birds of captive origin in Britain. This paper sum- marizes the status of naturalized and introduced birds in Britain and announces changes to the categorization of many on the British List or its associated appendices (Categories D and E): Mute Swan Cygnus olor Categories AC change to AC2 Black Swan Cygnus atratus Category E* – no change Greylag Goose Anser anser Categories ACE* change to AC2C4E* Snow Goose Anser caerulescens Categories AE* change to AC2E* Greater Canada Goose Branta canadensis Categories ACE* change to C2E* Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis Categories AE* change to AC2E* Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus Categories CE* change -
Golden Pheasant Chrysolophus Pictus
Young Golden Pheasant Chrysolophus pictus What is the history of my relationship to man? The Golden Pheasant is commonly found in zoos and aviaries, but often as impure specimens that have the similar Lady Amherst's Pheasant in their lineage. Habitat / Climate Where am I from? dark young conifer forests The Golden Pheasant or "Chinese Pheasant",is a parrot like Map with sparse undergrowth gamebird of the order Galliformes. It is native to forests in mountainous areas of western China but feral populations have been established in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Other family members: Caspian snowcock Who are my relatives? Gray partridge Silver Pheasant, Little chachalaca, Yellow- knobbed curassow and Western capercaillie the Turkey Breeding Potential How am I born? We lay 8-12 eggs at a time and will then incubate these for around 22-23 days. Clutch size 8 to 12 eggs When we hatch we are able to walk and look for food with in hours. By a few weeks we will loose our down and have our feathers in. How long does it take me to grow up and how long do I live Once we have gotten our feathers we will keep getting bigger. By 3 months we will be full Breeding Season grown, we might add a few pounds after that but wont get larger. We can live up to 6 years. J F M A M J J A S O N D A E A P A U U U E C O E N B R R Y N L G P T V C What kind of family life do I have? We are extremely territorial. -
Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Paul Johnsgard Collection Papers in the Biological Sciences 1983 Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants" (1983). Paul Johnsgard Collection. 17. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Paul Johnsgard Collection by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. HYBRIDIZATION & ZOOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN PHEASANTS PAUL A. JOHNSGARD The purpose of this paper is to infonn members of the W.P.A. of an unusual scientific use of the extent and significance of hybridization among pheasants (tribe Phasianini in the proposed classification of Johnsgard~ 1973). This has occasionally occurred naturally, as for example between such locally sympatric species pairs as the kalij (Lophura leucol11elana) and the silver pheasant (L. nycthelnera), but usually occurs "'accidentally" in captive birds, especially in the absence of conspecific mates. Rarely has it been specifically planned for scientific purposes, such as for obtaining genetic, morphological, or biochemical information on hybrid haemoglobins (Brush. 1967), trans ferins (Crozier, 1967), or immunoelectrophoretic comparisons of blood sera (Sato, Ishi and HiraI, 1967). The literature has been summarized by Gray (1958), Delacour (1977), and Rutgers and Norris (1970). Some of these alleged hybrids, especially those not involving other Galliformes, were inadequately doculnented, and in a few cases such as a supposed hybrid between domestic fowl (Gallus gal/us) and the lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae) can be discounted. -
Proposal for Amendment of Appendix I Or II for CITES Cop16
Original language: French CoP16 Prop. 17 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok (Thailand), 3-14 March 2013 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Delete Lophura imperialis from Appendix I and Amend the standard reference for birds adopted by the Conference of the Parties in the Annex to Resolution Conf. 12.11 (Rev. CoP15): "Dickinson, E. C. (ed.)(2003): The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Revised and enlarged 3rd Edition. 1039 pp. London (Christopher Helm)", inserting the following text in square brackets: [for all bird species – except for Lophura imperialis and the taxa mentioned below] B. Proponent Switzerland, as Depositary Government, at the request of the Animals Committee (proposal prepared by France)1. C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Aves 1.2 Order: Galliformes 1.3 Family: Phasianidae 1.4 Genus, species, including author and year: Lophura imperialis, Delacour et Jabouille, 1924 Birdlife International no longer recognizes the imperial pheasant (Lophura imperialis) as a species (2011). According to the IUCN Species Survival Commission / World Pheasant Association Galliformes Specialist Group, Lophura imperialis is no longer a valid name and the taxon should be considered a natural hybrid between the species Lophura edwardsi (Oustalet, 1896) and Lophura nycthemera (Linné, 1758). As a result, Lophura imperialis has been removed from the IUCN Red List. 1 The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Rank Badges for Civil Officials
Section 2. Cranes and Peacocks: Rank Badges for Civil Officials Introduction Scholar-officials (called mandarins by Westerners) held the most prestigious positions in the Chinese imperial bureaucracy. As early as the Zhou dynasty (1027–256 BCE), court officials were selected based on ability. In the Tang dynasty (618–907) candidates for office were tested on their literary knowledge. It was the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), however, that refined the multi-tiered examination system; until their abolition in 1905, passing these examinations was the most certain path to social and material advancement for the successful candidate and his family. Candidates aspired to posts on the emperor’s advisory council (for first-rank officials) or to a provincial post. With further study a mandarin might gain promotion to the higher ranks—some ranks could also be purchased. There were nine civil ranks, each represented by a bird, with minor variations between the Ming and Qing dynasties. Birds were selected because they featured frequently in literary works and literati paintings. It could take years to obtain an appointment and once achieved, there were rules of appropriate behavior for civil officials. For example, they were not permitted to walk, but were required to travel in a sedan chair with the number of attendants and outriders appropriate to their rank—these could number more than fifty men. For mandarins above the fourth rank, all street traffic had to stop when they passed, gongs were beaten, and cannon fired when they entered or left a building. From a very early age boys were prepared for success in the examinations. -
The Introduced Silver Pheasant (Lophura Nycthemera) in Patagonia: Abundance, Group Structure, Activity Patterns and Association to Human Disturbance
2017Hornero 32(2):227–236, 2017 SILVER PHEASANT IN PATAGONIA 227 THE INTRODUCED SILVER PHEASANT (LOPHURA NYCTHEMERA) IN PATAGONIA: ABUNDANCE, GROUP STRUCTURE, ACTIVITY PATTERNS AND ASSOCIATION TO HUMAN DISTURBANCE VALERIA L. MARTIN-ALBARRACIN 1,3, GUILLERMO C. AMICO 1 AND MARTÍN A. NUÑEZ 2 1 Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Quintral 1250, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. 2 Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Av. de los Pioneros 2350, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT.— Phasianids are one of the groups of introduced birds with highest impact on native ecosystems. In Patagonia several phasianids are established or in process of establishment, thus it is relevant to know their impacts on ecosystems. The Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera) was introduced to Isla Victoria in the 1950’s and successfully established all over the island. The aim of this work is to study the population of this species on Isla Victoria in terms of abundance and association to human disturbance as a first step to know its potential impact in the ecosystem. We conducted camera-trapping and direct observations in linear transects located in highly dis- turbed and in lowly disturbed areas. Using camera-trapping data we estimated an index of rela- tive abundance to compare habitat use between areas. We used the distance-sampling approach to estimate population density with the data from direct observations. The Silver Pheasant used much more frequently areas with a high level of disturbance, suggesting that the presence of disturbed habitats could facilitate establishment and spread of this species in Patagonia. -
The First Report of Morbidity and Mortality in Golden Pheasant, Chrysolophus Pictus , Due to a Mixed Infection of Heterakis Gall
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Turk J Vet Anim Sci (2013) 37: 611-614 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/ © TÜBİTAK Case Report doi:10.3906/vet-1206-31 The first report of morbidity and mortality in Golden Pheasant, Chrysolophus pictus, due to a mixed infection of Heterakis gallinarum and H. isolonche in Iran 1, 2 3 3 Ali HALAJIAN *, John Michael KINSELLA , Pejman MORTAZAVI , Mohammad ABEDI 1 Department of Biodiversity (Zoology), University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727 Polokwane, South Africa 2 HelmWest Laboratory, Missoula, Montana, USA 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialised Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Received: 25.06.2012 Accepted: 12.01.2013 Published Online: 26.08.2013 Printed: 20.09.2013 Abstract: Following deaths in a flock of Golden Pheasants, Chrysolophus pictus, in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, during June 2008, necropsies of dead birds were undertaken and revealed a heavy mixed infection of Heterakis isolonche and H. gallinarum in the caeca, which were heavily swollen with gross nodules on the surface. Infected caeca were studied histopathologically and surviving birds were treated with fenbendazole 2.5% (20 mg/kg), with a second course 3 weeks later. No further mortality was seen in the flock. This is the first documented report of Heterakis isolonche in Iran, and also the first report of a concurrent infection of 2 species of Heterakis in birds in Iran. Key words: Heterakis isolonche, Heterakis gallinarum, Iran, pheasant 1. Introduction In all the dead birds, caeca were swollen. In dissection, There are approximately 512 species of birds in Iran (1). -
Silver Pheasants Have Been Kept As Species Which Made It to America Have with a Glossy Bluish-Black Belly
Jean Delacour describes 14 subspecies and hens. I have had many males that in Pheasants ofthe World, with the True I have had to ward off with a stick and Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera on the other hand, our current Silver nycthemera being the most commonly male is perfectly harmless. kept. The True Silver is the largest of the Males can sometimes have very bad subspecies and is found in southeastern attitudes. It is tough to break them from China. The other subspecies include being mean once they have started. My the Lewis's Silver Pheasant L.n. lewisi, first breeder male would kill every hen the Annamese Silver Pheasant L. n. placed with him, while another would annamensis, the Boloven Silver spend his time picking fights through Pheasant L. n. engelbachi, the Bel's the mesh with other birds and attacking Silver Pheasant L. n. beli, the Berlioz's our legs! Their attitudes usually depend Silver Pheasant L. n. berliiozi, the on the bird. I once had one male that Silver Ruby Mines Silver Pheasant L. .n. would petform his wing-whirl display rufipes, the Rippon's Silver Pheasant when I would clap my hands and L. n. ripponi, the Jones's Silver would follow me around his enclosure Pheasants Pheasant L. n. jonesi, the Western looking for a hand-out. Silver Pheasant L. n. occidentalis, the Lophura nycthemera They are big birds that are extreme Lao Silver Pheasant L. n . beaulieui, ly tough and hardy. We once had an the Fokien Silver Pheasant L. n. fok by Dan Cowell ice storm and had to go pull the Silvers iensis, the Hainan Silver Pheasant L. -
Pheasants by Mary Dam Haines City, Florida
Bulwer's pheasant, Lophura bu/wen·. Temminck Tragopan, Tragopan temmincki. Golden pheasant, Chrysolophus pictus. Burmese grey peacock pheasant, Polyplectron bicalcaratum bicalcaratum 8 Pheasants by Mary Dam Haines City, Florida t he propagating of pheasants has been may form close ties. However, pheasants a happy experience for our family for 15 generally do not form a bond as do many years. At TruLi D Farm we raise phea other birds. sants, ducks, geese, swans and assorted 3. It is interesting to note that polygamy or other birds. It is a family project and is so loose association exists among birds of all varied to accommodate the interests of all orders in which the male shows a highly family members. We began this avicul specialized and ornamental plummage. ~ tural hobby with pheasants, and these in 4. There is a great variation in male court teresting birds continue to be the most ship display. Some of the more colorful We challenging and fascinating of all the birds birds are magnificent with a projecting of Buy Birds to us. We began our collection with the horns from the head and an extension of most common of pheasants and kept add wattles all the way to the ground. Some of We Sh1p Birds ing to the number until we, at one time or the pheasants use foot stomping and COMPLETE BIRD SUPPLIES another, have kept most of the species. As emit a piercing scream which can be heard we matured in our expertise, and more im for miles. (714) 527-3387 portantly in our thinking, we finally settled 5. -
Notable Bird Records from Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China
FORKTAIL 21 (2005): 33–41 Notable bird records from Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China CHAN BOSCO PUI LOK, LEE KWOK SHING, ZHANG JIAN-FENG and SU WEN-BA Bird surveys, include the use of camera traps, were conducted in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan province, China, during 1998–2005. A total of 143 species were recorded in the reserve and its immediate environs, including three new records for the island (Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus,Yellow-cheeked Tit Parus spilonotus and Mountain Tailorbird Orthotomus cucula- tus), two threatened species (Hainan Partridge Arborophila ardens and Hainan Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus hainanus) and two Near Threatened species (Japanese Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata and Yellow-billed Nuthatch Sitta solangiae). Other notable records included the endemic Hainan Peacock Pheasant Polyplectron katsumatae and a number of endemic races (e.g. Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera whiteheadi, Black-browed Barbet Megalaima oorti faber, Indochinese Green Magpie Cissa hypoleuca katsumatae and Orange-headed Thrush Zoothera citrina aurimacula), some of which were photographed, apparently for the first time. INTRODUCTION four restricted-range species now considered to be globally threatened or Near Threatened: White-eared The tropical island of Hainan is surrounded by the Night Heron Gorsachius magnificus (Endangered), South China Sea, and is the southernmost province of Hainan Partridge Arborophila ardens (Vulnerable), China, with a land area of c.33,600 km2. In 1998, Hainan Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus hainanus BirdLife International identified Hainan as an (Vulnerable) and Yellow-billed Nuthatch Sitta solangiae Endemic Bird Area (EBA 142) of critical priority, with (Near Threatened: Stattersfield et al. 1998, BirdLife Figure 1. -
Phasianinae Species Tree
Phasianinae Blood Pheasant,Ithaginis cruentus Ithaginini ?Western Tragopan, Tragopan melanocephalus Satyr Tragopan, Tragopan satyra Blyth’s Tragopan, Tragopan blythii Temminck’s Tragopan, Tragopan temminckii Cabot’s Tragopan, Tragopan caboti Lophophorini ?Snow Partridge, Lerwa lerwa Verreaux’s Monal-Partridge, Tetraophasis obscurus Szechenyi’s Monal-Partridge, Tetraophasis szechenyii Chinese Monal, Lophophorus lhuysii Himalayan Monal, Lophophorus impejanus Sclater’s Monal, Lophophorus sclateri Koklass Pheasant, Pucrasia macrolopha Wild Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo Ocellated Turkey, Meleagris ocellata Tetraonini Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus Hazel Grouse, Tetrastes bonasia Chinese Grouse, Tetrastes sewerzowi Greater Sage-Grouse / Sage Grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus Gunnison Sage-Grouse / Gunnison Grouse, Centrocercus minimus Dusky Grouse, Dendragapus obscurus Sooty Grouse, Dendragapus fuliginosus Sharp-tailed Grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus Greater Prairie-Chicken, Tympanuchus cupido Lesser Prairie-Chicken, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus White-tailed Ptarmigan, Lagopus leucura Rock Ptarmigan, Lagopus muta Willow Ptarmigan / Red Grouse, Lagopus lagopus Siberian Grouse, Falcipennis falcipennis Spruce Grouse, Canachites canadensis Western Capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus Black-billed Capercaillie, Tetrao parvirostris Black Grouse, Lyrurus tetrix Caucasian Grouse, Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Tibetan Partridge, Perdix hodgsoniae Gray Partridge, Perdix perdix Daurian Partridge, Perdix dauurica Reeves’s Pheasant, Syrmaticus reevesii Copper Pheasant, Syrmaticus