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Migration Patterns of Serbian and Bosnia and Herzegovina Migrants in Austria: Causes and Consequences A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Landesmann, Michael; Mara, Isilda; Vidovic, Hermine Research Report Migration Patterns of Serbian and Bosnia and Herzegovina Migrants in Austria: Causes and Consequences wiiw Research Report, No. 389 Provided in Cooperation with: The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw) - Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche (wiiw) Suggested Citation: Landesmann, Michael; Mara, Isilda; Vidovic, Hermine (2013) : Migration Patterns of Serbian and Bosnia and Herzegovina Migrants in Austria: Causes and Consequences, wiiw Research Report, No. 389, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw), Vienna This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/204161 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu August 2013 Research Reports | 389 | Isilda Mara, Hermine Vidovic and Michael Landesmann Migration Patterns of Serbian and Bosnia and Herze- govina Migrants in Austria: Causes and Consequences Isilda Mara and Hermine Vidovic are research economists at the Vienna Institute for Interna- Isilda Mara, Hermine Vidovic tional Economic Studies (wiiw). Michael Landes- and Michael Landesmann mann is wiiw Research Director and Professor of Economics at Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Migration Patterns of Austria. The survey analysed in this study was con- ducted by the Austrian Gallup Institute. Serbian and Bosnia and Herzegovina Migrants in Research for this paper was financed by the Jubilee Fund of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Project Austria: Causes and Con- No. 14117). sequences Contents Abstract..................................................................................................................................... i Executive summary ................................................................................................................. ii 1. Introduction and motivation of research .......................................................................... 1 2. Background information ................................................................................................... 3 3. Demographic and economic characteristics of Serbian migrants versus other groups of migrants in Austria .................................................................................. 6 4. New insights from the recent survey on Serbian and BiH migrants in Austria ............. 12 4.1 Survey data and methodology ............................................................................. 12 4.2 The design of the questionnaire .......................................................................... 14 4.3 Socio-demographic characteristics of Serbian and BiH migrants in Austria ....... 14 4.4 Migration patterns ................................................................................................ 17 4.5 Education level and human capital formation in the destination country ............ 21 4.6 Employment and occupation in the destination country ...................................... 24 4.7 Job and qualification relationship ......................................................................... 28 4.8 Income and remittances....................................................................................... 29 4.9 Social access and integration issues, formal and informal ................................. 32 5. Return migration ............................................................................................................ 36 5.1 The profile of permanent migrants versus temporary migrants .......................... 36 5.2 Migration purposes and outcomes: permanent versus temporary migrants ...... 38 5.3 Labour market performance: permanent versus temporary migrants ................ 42 6. Empirical analysis of permanent versus temporary migration and labour market mismatch ................................................................................................ 49 6.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 50 6.2 Empirical specifications ........................................................................................ 52 7. Estimation results ........................................................................................................... 55 8. Main findings and conclusion ........................................................................................ 61 References ............................................................................................................................ 64 Annex A1 ............................................................................................................................... 66 Annex A2 ............................................................................................................................... 83 Annex A3 ............................................................................................................................... 89 List of Tables and Figures Table 1 Social and economic characteristics: BiH migrants, and Serbian migrants before and after visa liberalisation ..................................................................................... 15 Table 2 Migration plans, causes and outcomes of the migration experience: BiH migrants, and Serbian migrants before and after visa liberalisation ......................... 17 Table 3 Education, qualification and human capital formation abroad .......................................... 23 Table 4 Employment features and occupation before and during migration ................................. 24 Table 5 Job and qualification relationship ....................................................................................... 29 Table 6 Income, remittances ........................................................................................................... 30 Table 7 Social integration aspects .................................................................................................. 33 Table 8 Social integration aspects II ............................................................................................... 35 Table 9 Basic characteristics of potential permanent stayers versus potential return migrants .................................................................................................... 36 Table 10 Causes and outcomes of the migration decision: permanent versus returnees .............. 39 Table 11 Human capital formation in the destination country, potential permanent stayers versus returnees .................................................................. 43 Table 12 Occupational skill level, potential permanent stayers versus returnees ........................... 46 Table 13 ISCO-88 major groups and skill level ................................................................................ 47 Table 14 ISCED – education skill level ............................................................................................. 82 Table 15 Estimation results by education ISCED – occupation skill ISCO-88 matching ................ 83 Table 16 Estimation results by education ISCED – occupation skill ISCO-88 matching, permanent stayers versus returnees ................................................................................ 84 Table 17 Estimation results – seemingly unrelated bivariate probit regression, education-occupational skill matching, migration plans .................................................... 85 Table 18 Estimation results, seemingly unrelated regression, self assessment of occupational matching, migration plans ........................................................................ 87 Figure 1 Natives and migrants by age group, 2008 .......................................................................... 6 Figure 2 Natives and migrants by education level, 2008................................................................... 7 Figure 3 Employment status, Serbian migrants versus natives and other groups of migrants, 2008 ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 4 Employment status, Serbian migrants versus natives and other group of migrants, 2011 ...................................................................................... 9 Figure 5 Occupation of Serbian migrants versus other groups of migrants, 2011 ......................... 10
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