DOCSLIB.ORG

Reports ДОКЛАДЫ Conservation Status of Breeding Eagles in France

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reports ДОКЛАДЫ Conservation Status of Breeding Eagles in France Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2019, 38 93 Reports ДОКЛАДЫ Conservation Status of Breeding Eagles in France ПРИРОДООХРАННЫЙ СТАТУС ГНЕЗДЯЩИХСЯ ОРЛОВ ВО ФРАНЦИИ Pontalier H. (League for the Protection of Birds-France – LPO-France, Rochefort, France) Boudarel P. (DREAL, Montpellier, France) Canevet M.-F. (League for the Protection of Birds-Aquitaine – LPO Aquitaine, Villenave d’Ornon, France) Lhomer E. (Lorraine Association Nature – LOANA, Champougny, France) Michelat D. (Independent Researcher, France) Ponchon C. (Natural Areas Conservancy – CEN-PACA, Aix-en-Provence, France) Riols C. (Independent Researcher, France) Scher O. (Natural Areas Conservancy – Languedoc-Roussillon Region – CEN-LR, Montpellier, France) Понталье Х. (Лига защиты птиц Франции, Рошфор, Франция) Боударел П. (Региональный отдел окружающей среды, территориального планирования и жилья, Монпелье, Франция) Кэневе М.Ф. (Лига защиты птиц – Аквитания, Вильнав-д’Орнон, Франция) Льоме Е. (Ассоциация природы Лотарингии, Шампань, Франция) Мишеля Д. (независимый исследователь, Франция) Пончон С. (Охрана природных территорий – регион PACA, Прованс, Франция) Риёль К. (независимый исследователь, Франция) Шер О. (Охрана природных территорий – регион Лангедок-Руссильон, Монпелье, Франция) Contact: Ðåзюìå Hugo Pontalier Âî Францèè гнåçдятся 7 âèдîâ îрлîâ: бåрêуò (Aquila chrysaetos), малûé ïîдîрлèê (A. [Clanga] pomarina), LPO-France ястрåбèнûé îрёл (A. fasciata), îрёл-êарлèê (Hieraaetus pennatus), çмååяд (Circaetus gallicus), îрлан-бåлî- League for the Protec- хвост (Haliaeetus albicilla) è скопа (Pandion haliaetus). Ïîïуляцèè всех âèдîâ уâåлè÷èлèñь ñ на÷ала 2000-õ tion of Birds-France, гîдîâ, è èõ ÷èñлåнность на гнåçдîâанèè îцåнèâается â ñлåдуюùèõ раçмåраõ: 2500–3300 ïар â 2012 г. – çмå- 8 rue Pujos, 17300 åяд, 585–810 ïар â 2012 г. – îрёл-êарлèê, 450–500 ïар â 2012 гîду – бåрêуò, 80–90 ïар â 2015 г. – скопа, Rochefort, Francehugo. 33 ïарû â 2016 г. – ястрåбèнûé îрёл è ïî 1 ïарå â 2018 г. – малûé ïîдîрлèê è îрлан-бåлохвост. Ïрîèçâî- [email protected] дительность, âûражåнная êаê ÷èñлî ñлётков на ïару â гîд, îцåнèâается â ñрåднåм: 0,57 – çмååяд, 1,56 – ско- ïа, 1,18 – ястрåбèнûé îрёл, 0,82 – малûé ïîдîрлèê, 1,1 – îрлан-бåлохвост, 0,26–0,70 – бåрêуò. Оñнîâнûå Patrick Boudarel угрîçû õèùнèêам на гнåçдîâанèè ñâяçанû ñ уõудшåнèåм êачества ñрåдû îбèòанèя è уâåлè÷åнèåм ñмåрòности DREAL (Regional Head (на ЛЭÏ, ïî ïрè÷èнå браконьåрства è â рåçульòате отраâлåнèя). of Environment, Spatial Ключевые слова: ïåрнаòûå õèùнèêè, õèùнûå ïòèцû, îрлû, охрана, Францèя, ïрîдуêòèâность, мîниторèнг, planning and Dwelling) угрîçû, çмååяд, бåрêуò, малûé ïîдîрлèê, ястрåбèнûé îрёл, îрёл-êарлèê, îрлан-бåлохвост, скопа. Поступила в редакцию 15.11.2018 г. Принята к публикации 10.02.2019 г. 520 Allée Henri II de Montmorency, 34000 Abstract Montpellier, France Seven species of eagle breed in France: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Lesser Spotted Eagle (A. pomarina), patrick.boudarel@ Bonelli’s Eagle (A. fasciata), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Osprey developpement- (Pandion haliaetus) and White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Populations of all species have increased since durable.gouv.fr the beginning of the 2000s and breeding pairs are estimated at: 2500–3300 in 2012 (Short-Toed Eagle), 585–810 in 2012 (Booted Eagle), 450–500 in 2012 (Golden Eagle), 80–90 in 2015 (Osprey), 33 in 2016 (Bonelli’s Eagle) Marie-Françoise Canevet and 1 each in 2018 (Lesser spotted Eagle and White-Tailed Eagle). Productivity, expressed as fledgling/pair/year, LPO Aquitaine (League is estimated to be on average 0.57 (Short-Toed Eagle), 1.56 (Osprey), 1.18 (Bonelli’s Eagle), 0.82 (Lesser spotted for the Protection of Eagle), 1.1 (White-Tailed Eagle) and from 0.26 (min) to 0.70 (max) (Golden Eagle). The main threats to reproduc- Birds-Aquitaine) tion relate to decreases in habitat quality and the increase of mortality (from power lines, poaching and poisoning). 33140 Villenave d’Or- Keywords: raptors, birds of prey, eagles, conservation, France, productivity, monitoring, threats, Short-Toed non, France Eagle, Golden Eagle, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Bonelli’s Eagle, Booted Eagle, White-Tailed Eagle, Osprey. [email protected] Received: 15/11/2018. Accepted: 10/02/2019. DOI: 10.19074/1814-8654-2018-38-93-108 94 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2019, 38 Изучåíèå пåðíàòûõ хищников Edouard Lhomer Ââåäåíèå Introduction LOANA (Lorraine Asso- Âî Францèè мîжнî наблюдаòь âîñåмь Eight eagle species can be observed in ciation Nature) Le Fort, 55140 Cham- âèдîâ îрлîâ: бåрêуòа (Aquila chrysae- France: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), pougny, France tos), бîльшîгî ïîдîрлèêа (Aquila [Clanga] Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila [Clanga] clan- lorraine_association_na- clanga), малîгî ïîдîрлèêа (Aquila [Clan- ga), Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila [Clanga] [email protected] ga] pomarina), яñòрåбèнîгî îрла (Aquila pomarina), Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata), Dominique Michelat fasciata), îрла-êарлèêа (Hieraaetus penna- Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Short- dominique.michelat@ tus), çмååяда (Circaetus gallicus), îрлана- Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), White-Tailed wanadoo.fr бåлîõâîñòа (Haliaeetus albicilla) è ñêîïу Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and Osprey (Pan- (Pandion haliaetus) èç êîòîрûõ ñåмь âè- dion haliaetus) and seven species breed in Cécile Ponchon CEN-PACA дîâ гнåçдèòñя âî Францèè (âñå ïåрå÷èñ- France (all cited above excepted the Greater Natural Areas Conser- лåннûå âûшå, çа èñêлю÷åнèåм бîльшîгî Spotted Eagle). At the European scale, (in- vancy – PACA Region, ïîдîрлèêа).  маñшòабå Åâрîïû (âêлю÷ая cluding the breeding population in European Atrium Bât. B, 4 avenue гнåçдяùуюñя ïîïуляцèю â åâрîïåéñêîé Russia), France supports 14% of Short-Toed Marcel Pagnol, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France ÷аñòè Рîññèè) Францèя ïîддåржèâаåò Eagle, 4% of Golden Eagle, 3% of Booted Ea- cecile.ponchon@ 14% ïîïуляцèè çмååяда, 4% бåрêуòа, ïî gle, 3% of Bonelli’s Eagle, 1% of Osprey and cen-paca.org 3% îрла-êарлèêа è яñòрåбèнîгî îрла, 1% less than 1% of both Lesser Spotted Eagle ñêîïû è мåнåå 1% ïîïуляцèé малîгî ïî- and White-Tailed Eagle breeding populations Christian Riols christian.riols-loyrette@ дîрлèêа è îрлана-бåлîõâîñòа (BirdLife, (BirdLife, 2015). Despite these apparent low orange.fr 2015). Нåñмîòря на эòè î÷åâèднî нèçêèå numbers, there is a very high commitment цèфрû, ñïåцèалèñòû ïî îõранå ïрèрî- from conservation professionals and volun- Olivier Scher дû è âîлîнòёрû ïî âñåé ñòранå ñèльнî teers across the country to protect and main- CEN-LR Natural Areas Conser- ïрèâåржåнû дåлу îõранû è ïîддåржа- tain the breeding populations. Each of these vancy – Langue- нèя раçмнîжаюùèõñя ïîïуляцèé õèùнûõ species benefit from dedicated conservation doc-Roussillon Region, ïòèц. Каждûé èç 7 âèдîâ îрлîâ наõîдèòñя groups that monitor as many breeding pairs 26 Allée de Mycènes, ïîд çаùèòîé ñïåцèальнûõ ïрèрîдîîõран- as possible throughout the season. Other ac- 34000 Montpellier France olivier.scher@ нûõ груïï, êîòîрûå ñлåдяò çа êаê мîжнî tions undertaken by the groups’ members cenlr.org бîльшèм êîлè÷åñòâîм гнåçдяùèõñя ïар include scientific projects on breeding suc- â òå÷åнèå гîда. Äругèå дåéñòâèя, ïрåд- cess, population dynamics, habitat use and ïрèнèмаåмûå ÷лåнамè груïï, âêлю÷аюò habitat connectivity. This paper is a review нау÷нûå ïрîåêòû ïî уñïåшнîñòè раçмнî- of the knowledge of the conservation status жåнèя, дèнамèêå ÷èñлåннîñòè ïîïуля- of the seven breeding species, the identi- цèé, èñïîльçîâанèю мåñò îбèòанèя è ò.д. fied threats and the conservation actions that Äанная ñòаòья ïрåдñòаâляåò ñîбîé îбçîр have been undertaken or to be adopted in çнанèé î ñòаòуñå ñåмè раçмнîжаюùèõ- France. ñя âî Францèè âèдîâ êруïнûõ ïåрнаòûõ õèùнèêîâ, âûяâлåннûõ угрîçаõ è мåраõ Materials and Methods ïî ñîõранåнèю эòèõ âèдîâ, êîòîрûå бûлè Data were predominantly drawn from ïрåдïрèняòû èлè дîлжнû бûòь ïрèняòû the dedicated species’ monitoring âî Францèè. groups. Data from each species’ conser- vation group came from their long-term Мàòåðèàëû è ìåòîäû monitoring databases. These conservation Äаннûå бûлè ïîлу÷åнû â îñнîâнîм от groups have conducted annual monitor- груïï ïî мîниторèнгу отдåльнûõ âèдîâ, ing for all seven breeding species; White- ñîбраннûõ â èõ баçаõ даннûõ ïî дîлгî- Tailed Eagle since 2009, Golden Eagle ñрочнîму мîниторèнгу. Эòè ïрèрîдî- since 2008, Booted Eagle since 2005, Less- îõраннûå груïïû ïрîâîдяò åжåгîднûé er Spotted Eagle since 2003, Short-Toed мîнèòîрèнг для âñåõ ñåмè гнåçдяùèõñя Eagle since 2002, Osprey since the 1990s âèдîâ îрлîâ Францèè: îрлана-бåлîõâî- and Bonelli’s Eagle since the 1980s. These ñòа – ñ 2009 г., бåрêуòа – ñ 2008 г., îр- groups are composed mostly of volunteers ла-êарлèêа – ñ 2005 г., малîгî подîрлè- involved in raptor monitoring. These sur- êа – ñ 2003 г., çмååяда – ñ 2002 г., скопы veyors record nest locations, number of – ñ 1990-õ гг. ХХ ñòîлåòèя è яñòрåбèнîгî hatchlings, number of fledglings and fate of îрла ñ 1980-õ гг. Эòè груïïû ñîñòîяò â îñ- reproduction (success or failure). Given that нîâнîм èç дîбрîâîльцåâ, у÷аñòâуюùèõ â some of the species have a large distribu- мîнèòîрèнгå ïåрнаòûõ õèùнèêîâ. Члåнû tion area and/or have a very large number груïï рåгèñòрèруюò мåñòа гнåçдîâанèя, of breeding pairs, the monitoring is exhaus- êîлè÷åñòâî ïòåнцîâ, êîлè÷åñòâî ñлёòêîâ tive only for Osprey, Lesser Spotted Eagle è уñïåõ раçмнîжåнèя у ïîдîïå÷нûõ ïар and White-Tailed Eagle. Other sources in- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2019, 38 95 Змееяд (Circaetus gallicus). Фото М. Кэневе. Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Multi-Gene Phylogeny of Aquiline Eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) Reveals Extensive Paraphyly at the Genus Level
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com MOLECULAR SCIENCE•NCE /W\/Q^DIRI DIRECT® PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION ELSEVIER Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (2005) 147-164 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level Andreas J. Helbig'^*, Annett Kocum'^, Ingrid Seibold^, Michael J. Braun^ '^ Institute of Zoology, University of Greifswald, Vogelwarte Hiddensee, D-18565 Kloster, Germany Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA Received 19 March 2004; revised 21 September 2004 Available online 24 December 2004 Abstract The phylogeny of the tribe Aquilini (eagles with fully feathered tarsi) was investigated using 4.2 kb of DNA sequence of one mito- chondrial (cyt b) and three nuclear loci (RAG-1 coding region, LDH intron 3, and adenylate-kinase intron 5). Phylogenetic signal was highly congruent and complementary between mtDNA and nuclear genes. In addition to single-nucleotide variation, shared deletions in nuclear introns supported one basal and two peripheral clades within the Aquilini. Monophyly of the Aquilini relative to other birds of prey was confirmed. However, all polytypic genera within the tribe, Spizaetus, Aquila, Hieraaetus, turned out to be non-monophyletic. Old World Spizaetus and Stephanoaetus together appear to be the sister group of the rest of the Aquilini. Spiza- stur melanoleucus and Oroaetus isidori axe nested among the New World Spizaetus species and should be merged with that genus. The Old World 'Spizaetus' species should be assigned to the genus Nisaetus (Hodgson, 1836). The sister species of the two spotted eagles (Aquila clanga and Aquila pomarina) is the African Long-crested Eagle (Lophaetus occipitalis).
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of Less Familiar Birds Ij2 Lesser Spotted Eagle B.-U
    Studies of less familiar birds ij2 Lesser Spotted Eagle B.-U. Meyburg Plates 61-64. Of all European eagles, the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina has the smallest world breeding range, the nominate race being confined to eastern parts of Germany, Poland, eastern Czechoslovakia, Hun­ gary, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, north-east Greece, western Turkey (Thrace), and the Soviet Union north to Leningrad and east to about 35°E. There are no published records of proved breeding in eastern Austria this century, though pairs from Hungary hunt over the land around Lake Neusiedl. There is no clear information on the current position in the Caucasus and the south Caspian lowlands. In Germany the breeding area stretches only to the north of Berlin, westwards beyond the rivers Oder and Neisse but stopping short of the Elbe. In 1969 there were 53 known broods in this area, and possibly a further nine (H. Weber in Glutz von Blotzheim et al. 1971). Even at the beginning of this century, the breeding range extended much further westwards, at least as far as the River Weser in Niedersachsen. A second subspecies, A. p. hastata, breeds in parts of India, in particular the Ganges Valley and West Bengal, and also in Bangla Desh. Hardly anything is known about this form, which appears to be rare. The first autumn plumage is said to be quite different from that of the nominate race, which has led some authors to treat it as a separate species. The Lesser Spotted Eagle presents a very difficult problem to field and museum ornithologists alike—the clear differentiation between it and the very closely related Spotted Eagle A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuweveld North Wind Farm
    Nuweveld North Wind Farm Red Cap Nuweveld North (Pty) Ltd Avifaunal assessment October 2020 REPORT REVIEW & TRACKING Document title Nuweveld North Wind Farm - Avifaunal Impact study (Scoping Phase) Client name Patrick Killick Aurecon Status Final-for client Issue date October 2020 Lead author Jon Smallie – SACNASP 400020/06 WildSkies Ecological Services (Pty) Ltd 36 Utrecht Avenue, East London, 5241 Jon Smallie E: [email protected] C: 082 444 8919 F: 086 615 5654 2 Regulation GNR 326 of 4 December 2014, as amended 7 April 2017, Appendix 6 Section of Report (a) details of the specialist who prepared the report; and the expertise of that specialist to Appendix 5 compile a specialist report including a curriculum vitae ; (b) a declaration that the specialist is independent in a form as may be specified by the Appendix 6 competent authority; (c) an indication of the scope of, and the purpose for which, the report was prepared; Section 1.1 & 2 .1 an indication of the quality and age of base data used for the specialist report; Section 3 a description of existing impacts on the site, cumulative impacts of the proposed development Section 3.8 and levels of acceptable change; (d) the duration, date and season of the site investigation and the relevance of the season to Section 2.5 to 2.7 the outcome of the assessment; (e) a description of the methodology adopted in preparing the report or carrying out the Section 2 specialised process inclusive of equipment and modelling used; (f) details of an assessment of the specific identified sensitivity
    [Show full text]
  • The Eagle Genus Hieraaetus Is Distinct from Aquila, with Comments on the Name Ayres’ Eagle
    William S. Clark 295 Bull. B.O.C. 2012 132(4) The eagle genus Hieraaetus is distinct from Aquila, with comments on the name Ayres’ Eagle by William S. Clark Received 16 April 2012 Consensus has long existed among taxonomists as to the placement of the species of the eagles in the genera Aquila and Hieraaetus, the only exception being Wahlberg’s Eagle, which has been treated either as A. wahlbergi or H. wahlbergi. However, recent comparisons of DNA sequences of these eagles revealed that both genera were polyphyletic (Helbig et al. 2005, Lerner & Mindell 2005, Griffiths et al. 2007, Haring et al. 2007). To ensure monophyly, these authors recommended that some species be moved into and out of both genera and placed Wahlberg’s Eagle definitely in Hieraaetus. On the other hand, Sangster et al. (2005) recommended that Hieraaetus be subsumed into Aquila, for which they cite eight recent phylogenetic studies, only four of them published in peer-reviewed journals (Roulin & Wink 2004, Bunce et al. 2005, Helbig et al. 2005, Lerner & Mindell 2005); all of which, nevertheless, retained Hieraaetus. Thus, none of the four peer-reviewed journal articles cited by Sangster et al. (2005) to justify placing Hieraaetus into Aquila actually recommended this. Further, Sangster et al. (2005) proposed only that Booted Eagle (pennatus) be included in Aquila, because their recommendations only considered European birds. The generic treatment of Sangster et al. (2005) was followed without comment by Gjershaug et al. (2009) in describing Weiske’s or Pygmy Eagle (weiskei) as a species separate from Little Eagle H.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative Nesting by a Trio of Booted Eagles &Lpar;<I>Hieraaetus
    92 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS VOL. 39, NO. 1 y los polluelos salieron de los nidos entre noviembrey DELHOYO, J., A. ELLIOTT,AND J. SARGATAL(EDS.). 1994 diciembre. Los nidos fueron de construcci6nendeble y Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 2. New constituidospor ramas secasy se situaron en las bifur- World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barce- cacionesde las ramas de firboles a una altura promedio lona, Spain. de 15 m sobre el suelo (N = 3). Las dimensionespro- FERGUSON-LEE,J. AND D.A. CHRISTIE.2001. Raptors of the medio de los nidos fueron 39.5 X 39.5 cm y 13.9 cm de world. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA profundidadexterior, con una copa de 21.5 x 22.5 cm y U.S.A. 7 8 cm de profundidad.E1 tamafio modal de la nidada FERRARI,S.F. 1990. A foraging associationbetween two fue dos (N = 3 nidos). Los huevospresentaron manchas kite species(Ictinia plumbeaand Leptodoncayanensis) de color car6 con marcas mils ruerres en la base (N = 6 and buffy-headed marmosets (Callithrixfiaviceps) in huevos)y tuvieronun tamafio promedio de 51.5 x 40.8 southeastern Brazil. Condor 92:781-783. mm (N = 4). Los polluelos eclosionaronde forma asin- FOSTER,n.s. 1971. Plumage and behavior of a juvenile cr6nica. En total, de tres intentos de nidificaci6n, dos Gray-headedKite. Auk 88:163-166. polluelos emplumaron exitosamente,lo que representa HAVERSCHMIDT,F. 1962. Notes on the feeding habitsand un 6xito de nidificaci6ndel 66.6%. Todaslas presas11e- food of some hawks in Surinam. Condor 64:154-158. vadasa los polluelosen el nido fueron serpientes(N = LINS, L.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Report Colour Morph Does Not Predict Brood Size in the Booted Eagle
    Ornis Fennica 93: 130–136. 2016 Brief report Colour morph does not predict brood size in the Booted Eagle José Enrique Martínez*, José Francisco Calvo, María Victoria Jiménez-Franco, Iñigo Zuberogoitia & Pascual López-López J.E. Martínez, Bonelli’s Eagle Study and Conservation Group, Apdo. 4009, 30080 Murcia, Spain. * Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] J.E. Martínez, J.F. Calvo, M.V. Jiménez-Franco, Departamento de Ecología e Hidro- logía. Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain I. Zuberogoitia, Estudios Medioambientales Icarus, S.L. C/ San Vicente, 8. 6ª Planta. Dpto 8. Edificio Albia I, 48001 Bilbao, Spain P. López-López, Terrestrial Vertebrates Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, E-46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain Received 22 October 2015, accepted 19 February 2016 Mechanisms regulating colour polymorphism remain largely unknown and detailed in- vestigation is required to explore the biological consequences on population dynamics. This paper presents the first study of the possible connection between colour polymor- phism and productivity in a Booted Eagle (Aquila pennata) population breeding in south- eastern Spain. To that end we used 19 years of data of non-marked individuals. A total of 738 pale (91.6%) and 68 dark (8.4%) adult Booted Eagles were observed in our study area, including 57 territories. Our results suggest that colour morph of both sexes re- mained stable in the population over the study period. Although we found a higher num- ber of offspring produced by parents exhibiting the dark morph than those of the pale morph, statistical differences were not significant.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquila Eagles in Kerala, India C
    Newsletter for Ornithologists Vol. 1 No. 4 (July-August 2004) 53 Aquila eagles in Kerala, India C. Sashikumar # 9 Subhash Nagar, Kannur 670002, Kerala, India. Email: [email protected] Ali (1969), Neelakantan et al. (1993), or any other earlier this species. This eagle was distinct: compared to the Greater Spotted ornithologists have not reported the presence of any species of Eagle, it was warmer brown in colour and had narrower wings and Aquila eagles in Kerala, India. This note compiles the recent records a longer tail. The spots on the upper wing were smaller appearing and apparent status of four species of Aquila eagles in this State. as a thin line. The darker flight feathers and pale under wing-coverts After spending ten days at Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary, clinched the identification; the inner primaries were very pale in Bharatpur attending the Raptor Identification Workshop organized some individuals. On the upper parts, the white base of inner by Bombay Natural History Society and conducted by William S. primaries was prominent, so was the U-shaped white upper tail Clarke and Dr Vibhu Prakash in November 1993, I became rather coverts. On several occasions, it was possible to compare the familiar with some species of the Aquila eagles. Since then, I had soaring Indian Spotted Eagle with the Greater Spotted Eagle directly been on the look out for them in the wetlands of Kerala, especially as both the eagles came within the same frame through the Kattampally, Kannur District, where I have watched birds regularly binoculars. 1-3 individuals, all immature birds, were usually present since 1980.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Serpent and Hawk Eagle Species, Their
    1 The taxonomy, status and conservation of serpent eagles (Circaetnae) and booted eagles 2 (Aquilinae). 3 4 M.J. McGrady Natural Research Ltd, Banchory, Scotland; L. Kiff Peregrine Fund Boise, Idaho, USA; J. 5 O. Gjershaug Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway; J. Parry-Jones International 6 Centre for Birds of Prey, Newent, England; A. Gamauf Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria; T. 7 Yamazaki Asian Raptor Research and Conservation Network, Japan 8 9 Abstract Serpent and booted eagles as groups are generally imperilled. Eagles within these groups 10 often have small population sizes, limited distribution (sometimes confined to islands), and occupy 11 habitats (especially tropical forests in Asia and Africa) under threat. In addition, the ecology of many of the 12 species in these groups is not well known and this undermines conservation efforts. As a first step in 13 understanding which species should be made a conservation priority we aimed to assemble the dispersed 14 data on population size and conservation status, main conservation threats and main on-going 15 conservation activities. Because of new taxonomy resulting from recent genetic work, we made some 16 effort to clarify species nomenclature within the context of the main aims of assembling the data. We 17 review information from a variety of sources for 61 eagle species in the (current and historical) genera: 18 Eutriorchis, Spilornis, Pithecophaga, Terathopius, Circaetus, Dryotriorchis, Nisaetus, Stephanoatus, 19 Spizaetus, Hieraaetus, Polemaetus, Lophaetus, Lophotriorchis, Ictinaetus, and Aquila. In reviewing all 20 species in these groups we sought also to identify species where relatively low cost solutions to 21 conservation problems might be applied.
    [Show full text]
  • Witberg Wind Farm Juvenile Verreaux's Eagle
    WITBERG WIND FARM JUVENILE VERREAUX’S EAGLE MONITORING FINAL REPORT Prepared for: Sebastian Hirschmann G7 Renewable Energies (Pty) Ltd Prepared by: Page 1 Juvenile Verreaux’s Eagle monitoring at the Witberg wind farm site Background The wind farm site at the Witberg, near Matjiesfontein, in the western Karoo was proposed by G7 Renewable Energies, and was originally planned with 70 turbines. Following the EIA and pre- construction monitoring of the possible bird impacts (Avisense 2010, Turpie et al. 2012) it was revealed that the area held three breeding pairs of Verreaux’s Eagles Aquila verreauxii on the ridges, and a breeding Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus pair below the ridge. Buffers of 1.5 km and 2.5 km around the Verreaux’s and Martial Eagle nests respectively were suggested (following the recommendations of Avisense 2010) and reduced the number, and altered the placement of, the turbines. Birdlife South Africa, as an interested and affected party, objected to the Environmental Authorization and called for Collision-Risk modelling to quantitatively assess the impact to the Verreaux’s Eagles there, considering it was too risky to have turbines so close to active nests. That was followed by collision-risk modelling of adult eagles by Shoney Renewables (Percival 2013), based on flight paths collected during the Turpie et al. report (2012). Turbine numbers were reduced to 27 as a result of that report and further consultation, and some turbines moved to other locations. However, no juvenile eagles were present in the environment during these exercises, so it was recommended that further study be undertaken to determine flight paths and patterns of juvenile eagles to assess the risks to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Eagle and Osprey Wildlife Note
    32. Eagles & Osprey Large, striking and charismatic birds of prey, the bald eagle, golden eagle and osprey seem to embody power and majesty. All regularly occur in Pennsylvania, but only the bald eagle and osprey nest here. The golden eagle migrates through the state on a pathway connecting its breeding and wintering territories. In the not so distant past, direct persecution and environmental contaminants drove eagle and osprey populations to catastrophically low levels. Protection at and Golden Eagle Protection Act, the Lacey Act and the both state and federal levels, tremendous conservation Migratory Bird Protection Treaty Act. In Pennsylvania, the efforts and improved waterway quality enabled them to bald eagle is given additional protections under the state rebound in Pennsylvania and elsewhere. Game and Wildlife Code. While persecution and environmental contaminants Adult bald eagles are 30 to 40 inches in length and weigh continue to impact these large raptors, today’s primary 8 to 14 pounds. Their wingspans are 6 to 8 feet, and they threats include loss of habitat due to land-use changes and stand about 2 feet tall. As with other birds of prey, the declining habitat quality. female is larger than the male. Taxonomists place bald and golden eagles in the same Bald eagles fly with strong, deep strokes, or soar on family as hawks, kites, harriers and Old World vultures – flattened wings. Their eyesight is among the keenest in the the family Accipitridae. The osprey is the only species of animal world, five or six times sharper than a human’s. A the family Pandionidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Kites, Eagles, Hawks and Alli
    Text extracted from Gill B.J.; Bell, B.D.; Chambers, G.K.; Medway, D.G.; Palma, R.L.; Scofield, R.P.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Worthy, T.H. 2010. Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. 4th edition. Wellington, Te Papa Press and Ornithological Society of New Zealand. Pages 169-170. Order ACCIPITRIFORMES: Secretary-bird, Kites, Eagles, Hawks and Allies The diurnal birds-of-prey (Accipitridae, Sagittariidae, Falconidae and Cathartidae) were long grouped in a single order usually named Falconiformes (from Sharpe 1874, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. 1: ix, 1 – suborder Falcones; type Falco Linnaeus), e.g. Peters (1934), Wetmore (1960), Stresemann & Amadon (1979), del Hoyo et al. (1994). However, the strict monophyly of this group is strongly doubted, as revealed by the DNA-hybridisation studies (Sibley et al. 1988, Sibley & Ahlquist 1990) and karyological, pterylogical and morphological studies reviewed in Holdaway (1994a). This has resulted in the removal of Cathartidae, either to its own order or to within storks to which they are most closely related. Increasing evidence suggests that Falconidae and Accipitridae are not closely related (e.g. Fain & Houde 2004, Ericson et al. 2006). We follow Christidis & Boles (2008) in treating these two groups as separate orders. Within Accipitriformes as so defined, genera, as listed by, e.g. del Hoyo et al. (1994) and Dickinson (2003), are demonstrably non-monophyletic based on nuclear and mitochondrial genome data (Bunce et al. 2005, Helbig et al. 2005, Lerner & Mindell 2005, Griffiths et al. 2007). As a result of these and other phylogenetic studies concerning Aquila, Sangster et al.
    [Show full text]
  • BOOTED EAGLE | Aquila Pennatus (Hieraaetus Pennatus)
    BOOTED EAGLE | Aquila pennatus (Hieraaetus pennatus) RE Simmons | Reviewed by: R Martin © Per Holmen www.pers-birding-pages.com © Per © B Miller Conservation Status: Endangered Southern African Range: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe Area of Occupancy: 109,000 km2 Population Estimate: 20 pairs, 250 individuals Population Trend: Fluctuating according to conditions Habitat: Mountains, inselbergs Threats: Few in Namibia, but vagaries could critically reduce the already small population DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE now recognized as a genetically distinct subspecies A. p. minisculus (Hieraaetus pennatus minisculus), significantly This is both a palearctic migrant to southern Africa and smaller than the Palearctic subspecies (Yosef et al. 2000). a breeding species within the region (Brooke et al. 1980, Steyn 1982). Palearctic migrants leave Namibia in March, The area of occupancy in Namibia covers 109,000 km2 but there is some uncertainty around the distribution but this includes both migrant and breeding birds. The and migratory patterns, as southern African breeding area occupied by breeding (resident) birds is smaller at populations also show migratory movements within the about 70,700 km2 and is generally in western Namibia. region (Tarboton & Allan 1984, Boshoff & Allan 1997b). Booted Eagles have been recorded in winter from the It has been suggested that three populations occur in Waterberg Plateau (up to eight birds: Brown & Cooper Namibia: (i) palearctic migrants, present from November to 1987), in the Kaokoveld Mountains in north-west Namibia, March; (ii) non-breeding migrants from the South African where birds were performing undulating flights (S Braine in breeding population, present from March to July; and (iii) Brown & Cooper 1987), two to three birds from the Erongo Namibian breeding birds present from March to December Mountains (RE Simmons pers.
    [Show full text]