Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2019, 38 93 Reports ДОКЛАДЫ Conservation Status of Breeding Eagles in France ПРИРОДООХРАННЫЙ СТАТУС ГНЕЗДЯЩИХСЯ ОРЛОВ ВО ФРАНЦИИ Pontalier H. (League for the Protection of Birds-France – LPO-France, Rochefort, France) Boudarel P. (DREAL, Montpellier, France) Canevet M.-F. (League for the Protection of Birds-Aquitaine – LPO Aquitaine, Villenave d’Ornon, France) Lhomer E. (Lorraine Association Nature – LOANA, Champougny, France) Michelat D. (Independent Researcher, France) Ponchon C. (Natural Areas Conservancy – CEN-PACA, Aix-en-Provence, France) Riols C. (Independent Researcher, France) Scher O. (Natural Areas Conservancy – Languedoc-Roussillon Region – CEN-LR, Montpellier, France) Понталье Х. (Лига защиты птиц Франции, Рошфор, Франция) Боударел П. (Региональный отдел окружающей среды, территориального планирования и жилья, Монпелье, Франция) Кэневе М.Ф. (Лига защиты птиц – Аквитания, Вильнав-д’Орнон, Франция) Льоме Е. (Ассоциация природы Лотарингии, Шампань, Франция) Мишеля Д. (независимый исследователь, Франция) Пончон С. (Охрана природных территорий – регион PACA, Прованс, Франция) Риёль К. (независимый исследователь, Франция) Шер О. (Охрана природных территорий – регион Лангедок-Руссильон, Монпелье, Франция) Contact: Ðåзюìå Hugo Pontalier Âî Францèè гнåçдятся 7 âèдîâ îрлîâ: бåрêуò (Aquila chrysaetos), малûé ïîдîрлèê (A. [Clanga] pomarina), LPO-France ястрåбèнûé îрёл (A. fasciata), îрёл-êарлèê (Hieraaetus pennatus), çмååяд (Circaetus gallicus), îрлан-бåлî- League for the Protec- хвост (Haliaeetus albicilla) è скопа (Pandion haliaetus). Ïîïуляцèè всех âèдîâ уâåлè÷èлèñь ñ на÷ала 2000-õ tion of Birds-France, гîдîâ, è èõ ÷èñлåнность на гнåçдîâанèè îцåнèâается â ñлåдуюùèõ раçмåраõ: 2500–3300 ïар â 2012 г. – çмå- 8 rue Pujos, 17300 åяд, 585–810 ïар â 2012 г. – îрёл-êарлèê, 450–500 ïар â 2012 гîду – бåрêуò, 80–90 ïар â 2015 г. – скопа, Rochefort, Francehugo. 33 ïарû â 2016 г. – ястрåбèнûé îрёл è ïî 1 ïарå â 2018 г. – малûé ïîдîрлèê è îрлан-бåлохвост. Ïрîèçâî- [email protected] дительность, âûражåнная êаê ÷èñлî ñлётков на ïару â гîд, îцåнèâается â ñрåднåм: 0,57 – çмååяд, 1,56 – ско- ïа, 1,18 – ястрåбèнûé îрёл, 0,82 – малûé ïîдîрлèê, 1,1 – îрлан-бåлохвост, 0,26–0,70 – бåрêуò. Оñнîâнûå Patrick Boudarel угрîçû õèùнèêам на гнåçдîâанèè ñâяçанû ñ уõудшåнèåм êачества ñрåдû îбèòанèя è уâåлè÷åнèåм ñмåрòности DREAL (Regional Head (на ЛЭÏ, ïî ïрè÷èнå браконьåрства è â рåçульòате отраâлåнèя). of Environment, Spatial Ключевые слова: ïåрнаòûå õèùнèêè, õèùнûå ïòèцû, îрлû, охрана, Францèя, ïрîдуêòèâность, мîниторèнг, planning and Dwelling) угрîçû, çмååяд, бåрêуò, малûé ïîдîрлèê, ястрåбèнûé îрёл, îрёл-êарлèê, îрлан-бåлохвост, скопа. Поступила в редакцию 15.11.2018 г. Принята к публикации 10.02.2019 г. 520 Allée Henri II de Montmorency, 34000 Abstract Montpellier, France Seven species of eagle breed in France: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Lesser Spotted Eagle (A. pomarina), patrick.boudarel@ Bonelli’s Eagle (A. fasciata), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Osprey developpement- (Pandion haliaetus) and White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Populations of all species have increased since durable.gouv.fr the beginning of the 2000s and breeding pairs are estimated at: 2500–3300 in 2012 (Short-Toed Eagle), 585–810 in 2012 (Booted Eagle), 450–500 in 2012 (Golden Eagle), 80–90 in 2015 (Osprey), 33 in 2016 (Bonelli’s Eagle) Marie-Françoise Canevet and 1 each in 2018 (Lesser spotted Eagle and White-Tailed Eagle). Productivity, expressed as fledgling/pair/year, LPO Aquitaine (League is estimated to be on average 0.57 (Short-Toed Eagle), 1.56 (Osprey), 1.18 (Bonelli’s Eagle), 0.82 (Lesser spotted for the Protection of Eagle), 1.1 (White-Tailed Eagle) and from 0.26 (min) to 0.70 (max) (Golden Eagle). The main threats to reproduc- Birds-Aquitaine) tion relate to decreases in habitat quality and the increase of mortality (from power lines, poaching and poisoning). 33140 Villenave d’Or- Keywords: raptors, birds of prey, eagles, conservation, France, productivity, monitoring, threats, Short-Toed non, France Eagle, Golden Eagle, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Bonelli’s Eagle, Booted Eagle, White-Tailed Eagle, Osprey. [email protected] Received: 15/11/2018. Accepted: 10/02/2019. DOI: 10.19074/1814-8654-2018-38-93-108 94 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2019, 38 Изучåíèå пåðíàòûõ хищников Edouard Lhomer Ââåäåíèå Introduction LOANA (Lorraine Asso- Âî Францèè мîжнî наблюдаòь âîñåмь Eight eagle species can be observed in ciation Nature) Le Fort, 55140 Cham- âèдîâ îрлîâ: бåрêуòа (Aquila chrysae- France: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), pougny, France tos), бîльшîгî ïîдîрлèêа (Aquila [Clanga] Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila [Clanga] clan- lorraine_association_na- clanga), малîгî ïîдîрлèêа (Aquila [Clan- ga), Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila [Clanga] [email protected] ga] pomarina), яñòрåбèнîгî îрла (Aquila pomarina), Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata), Dominique Michelat fasciata), îрла-êарлèêа (Hieraaetus penna- Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Short- dominique.michelat@ tus), çмååяда (Circaetus gallicus), îрлана- Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), White-Tailed wanadoo.fr бåлîõâîñòа (Haliaeetus albicilla) è ñêîïу Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and Osprey (Pan- (Pandion haliaetus) èç êîòîрûõ ñåмь âè- dion haliaetus) and seven species breed in Cécile Ponchon CEN-PACA дîâ гнåçдèòñя âî Францèè (âñå ïåрå÷èñ- France (all cited above excepted the Greater Natural Areas Conser- лåннûå âûшå, çа èñêлю÷åнèåм бîльшîгî Spotted Eagle). At the European scale, (in- vancy – PACA Region, ïîдîрлèêа).  маñшòабå Åâрîïû (âêлю÷ая cluding the breeding population in European Atrium Bât. B, 4 avenue гнåçдяùуюñя ïîïуляцèю â åâрîïåéñêîé Russia), France supports 14% of Short-Toed Marcel Pagnol, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France ÷аñòè Рîññèè) Францèя ïîддåржèâаåò Eagle, 4% of Golden Eagle, 3% of Booted Ea- cecile.ponchon@ 14% ïîïуляцèè çмååяда, 4% бåрêуòа, ïî gle, 3% of Bonelli’s Eagle, 1% of Osprey and cen-paca.org 3% îрла-êарлèêа è яñòрåбèнîгî îрла, 1% less than 1% of both Lesser Spotted Eagle ñêîïû è мåнåå 1% ïîïуляцèé малîгî ïî- and White-Tailed Eagle breeding populations Christian Riols christian.riols-loyrette@ дîрлèêа è îрлана-бåлîõâîñòа (BirdLife, (BirdLife, 2015). Despite these apparent low orange.fr 2015). Нåñмîòря на эòè î÷åâèднî нèçêèå numbers, there is a very high commitment цèфрû, ñïåцèалèñòû ïî îõранå ïрèрî- from conservation professionals and volun- Olivier Scher дû è âîлîнòёрû ïî âñåé ñòранå ñèльнî teers across the country to protect and main- CEN-LR Natural Areas Conser- ïрèâåржåнû дåлу îõранû è ïîддåржа- tain the breeding populations. Each of these vancy – Langue- нèя раçмнîжаюùèõñя ïîïуляцèé õèùнûõ species benefit from dedicated conservation doc-Roussillon Region, ïòèц. Каждûé èç 7 âèдîâ îрлîâ наõîдèòñя groups that monitor as many breeding pairs 26 Allée de Mycènes, ïîд çаùèòîé ñïåцèальнûõ ïрèрîдîîõран- as possible throughout the season. Other ac- 34000 Montpellier France olivier.scher@ нûõ груïï, êîòîрûå ñлåдяò çа êаê мîжнî tions undertaken by the groups’ members cenlr.org бîльшèм êîлè÷åñòâîм гнåçдяùèõñя ïар include scientific projects on breeding suc- â òå÷åнèå гîда. Äругèå дåéñòâèя, ïрåд- cess, population dynamics, habitat use and ïрèнèмаåмûå ÷лåнамè груïï, âêлю÷аюò habitat connectivity. This paper is a review нау÷нûå ïрîåêòû ïî уñïåшнîñòè раçмнî- of the knowledge of the conservation status жåнèя, дèнамèêå ÷èñлåннîñòè ïîïуля- of the seven breeding species, the identi- цèé, èñïîльçîâанèю мåñò îбèòанèя è ò.д. fied threats and the conservation actions that Äанная ñòаòья ïрåдñòаâляåò ñîбîé îбçîр have been undertaken or to be adopted in çнанèé î ñòаòуñå ñåмè раçмнîжаюùèõ- France. ñя âî Францèè âèдîâ êруïнûõ ïåрнаòûõ õèùнèêîâ, âûяâлåннûõ угрîçаõ è мåраõ Materials and Methods ïî ñîõранåнèю эòèõ âèдîâ, êîòîрûå бûлè Data were predominantly drawn from ïрåдïрèняòû èлè дîлжнû бûòь ïрèняòû the dedicated species’ monitoring âî Францèè. groups. Data from each species’ conser- vation group came from their long-term Мàòåðèàëû è ìåòîäû monitoring databases. These conservation Äаннûå бûлè ïîлу÷åнû â îñнîâнîм от groups have conducted annual monitor- груïï ïî мîниторèнгу отдåльнûõ âèдîâ, ing for all seven breeding species; White- ñîбраннûõ â èõ баçаõ даннûõ ïî дîлгî- Tailed Eagle since 2009, Golden Eagle ñрочнîму мîниторèнгу. Эòè ïрèрîдî- since 2008, Booted Eagle since 2005, Less- îõраннûå груïïû ïрîâîдяò åжåгîднûé er Spotted Eagle since 2003, Short-Toed мîнèòîрèнг для âñåõ ñåмè гнåçдяùèõñя Eagle since 2002, Osprey since the 1990s âèдîâ îрлîâ Францèè: îрлана-бåлîõâî- and Bonelli’s Eagle since the 1980s. These ñòа – ñ 2009 г., бåрêуòа – ñ 2008 г., îр- groups are composed mostly of volunteers ла-êарлèêа – ñ 2005 г., малîгî подîрлè- involved in raptor monitoring. These sur- êа – ñ 2003 г., çмååяда – ñ 2002 г., скопы veyors record nest locations, number of – ñ 1990-õ гг. ХХ ñòîлåòèя è яñòрåбèнîгî hatchlings, number of fledglings and fate of îрла ñ 1980-õ гг. Эòè груïïû ñîñòîяò â îñ- reproduction (success or failure). Given that нîâнîм èç дîбрîâîльцåâ, у÷аñòâуюùèõ â some of the species have a large distribu- мîнèòîрèнгå ïåрнаòûõ õèùнèêîâ. Члåнû tion area and/or have a very large number груïï рåгèñòрèруюò мåñòа гнåçдîâанèя, of breeding pairs, the monitoring is exhaus- êîлè÷åñòâî ïòåнцîâ, êîлè÷åñòâî ñлёòêîâ tive only for Osprey, Lesser Spotted Eagle è уñïåõ раçмнîжåнèя у ïîдîïå÷нûõ ïар and White-Tailed Eagle. Other sources in- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2019, 38 95 Змееяд (Circaetus gallicus). Фото М. Кэневе. Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus