SGI 10 Gigabit Ethernet Network Adapter
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ebook - Informations About Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download
eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org AIX Internet: AIX AmigaOS Internet: AmigaOS AtheOS Internet: AtheOS BeIA Internet: BeIA BeOS Internet: BeOS BSDi Internet: BSDi CP/M Internet: CP/M Darwin Internet: Darwin EPOC Internet: EPOC FreeBSD Internet: FreeBSD HP-UX Internet: HP-UX Hurd Internet: Hurd Inferno Internet: Inferno IRIX Internet: IRIX JavaOS Internet: JavaOS LFS Internet: LFS Linspire Internet: Linspire Linux Internet: Linux MacOS Internet: MacOS Minix Internet: Minix MorphOS Internet: MorphOS MS-DOS Internet: MS-DOS MVS Internet: MVS NetBSD Internet: NetBSD NetWare Internet: NetWare Newdeal Internet: Newdeal NEXTSTEP Internet: NEXTSTEP OpenBSD Internet: OpenBSD OS/2 Internet: OS/2 Further operating systems Internet: Further operating systems PalmOS Internet: PalmOS Plan9 Internet: Plan9 QNX Internet: QNX RiscOS Internet: RiscOS Solaris Internet: Solaris SuSE Linux Internet: SuSE Linux Unicos Internet: Unicos Unix Internet: Unix Unixware Internet: Unixware Windows 2000 Internet: Windows 2000 Windows 3.11 Internet: Windows 3.11 Windows 95 Internet: Windows 95 Windows 98 Internet: Windows 98 Windows CE Internet: Windows CE Windows Family Internet: Windows Family Windows ME Internet: Windows ME Seite 1 von 138 eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org Windows NT 3.1 Internet: Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 4.0 Internet: Windows NT 4.0 Windows Server 2003 Internet: Windows Server 2003 Windows Vista Internet: Windows Vista Windows XP Internet: Windows XP Apple - Company Internet: Apple - Company AT&T - Company Internet: AT&T - Company Be Inc. - Company Internet: Be Inc. - Company BSD Family Internet: BSD Family Cray Inc. -
A Ballista Retrospective
Software Robustness Testing A Ballista Retrospective Phil Koopman [email protected] http://ballista.org With contributions from: Dan Siewiorek, Kobey DeVale John DeVale, Kim Fernsler, Dave Guttendorf, Nathan Kropp, Jiantao Pan, Charles Shelton, Ying Shi Institute for Complex Engineered Systems Overview Introduction • APIs aren’t robust (and people act as if they don’t want them to be robust!) Top 4 Reasons people give for ignoring robustness improvement • “My API is already robust, especially for easy problems” (it’s probably not) • “Robustness is impractical” (it is practical) • “Robust code will be too slow” (it need not be) • “We already know how to do it, thank you very much” (perhaps they don’t) Conclusions • The big future problem for “near-stationary” robustness isn’t technology -- it is awareness & training 2 Ballista Software Testing Overview SPECIFIED INPUT RESPONSE BEHAVIOR SPACE SPACE ROBUST SHOULD VAL I D OPERATION WORK INPUTS MO DULE REPRODUCIBLE UNDEFINED UNDER FAILURE TEST SHOULD INVALID INPUTS UNREPRODUCIBLE RETURN FAILURE ERROR Abstracts testing to the API/Data type level • Most test cases are exceptional • Test cases based on best-practice SW testing methodology 3 Ballista: Test Generation (fine grain testing) Tests developed per data type/subtype; scalable via composition 4 Initial Results: Most APIs Weren’t Robust Unix & Windows systems had poor robustness scores: • 24% to 48% of intentionally exceptional Unix tests yielded non-robust results • Found simple “system killer” programs in Unix, Win 95/98/ME, and WinCE -
SGI Altix Applications Development and Optimization
SGI Altix Applications Development and Optimization Part No.: AAPPL-0.9-L2.4-S-SD-W-DRAFT Release Date: May 15, 2003 2 RESTRICTION ON USE This document is protected by copyright and contains information proprietary to Silicon Graphics, Inc. Any copying, adaptation, distribution, public performance, or public display of this document without the express written consent of Silicon Graphics, Inc., is strictly prohibited. The receipt or possession of this document does not convey the rights to reproduce or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part, without the specific written consent of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Copyright 1997-2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, duplication, or disclosure of the data and information contained in this document by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR 52.227-19(c)(2) or subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and/or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR, or the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. Contrac- tor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94039-1351. The contents of this publication are subject to change without notice. PART NUMBER AAPPL-0.9-L2.4-S-SD-W-DRAFT, May 2003 RECORD OF REVISION Revision 0.9, Version 2.4, April 2003. SGI TRADEMARKS InfiniteReality, IRIX, Silicon Graphics, and the Silicon Graphics logo are registered trademarks, and Altix, Altix 3000, Origin, Origin 2000, Origin 300, Origin 3000, Power Challenge, Power ChallengeArray, NUMAflex and ProDev are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. -
Introduction to UNIX What Is UNIX? Why UNIX? Brief History of UNIX Early UNIX History UNIX Variants
What is UNIX? A modern computer operating system Introduction to UNIX Operating system: “a program that acts as an intermediary between a user of the computer and the computer hardware” CS 2204 Software that manages your computer’s resources (files, programs, disks, network, …) Class meeting 1 e.g. Windows, MacOS Modern: features for stability, flexibility, multiple users and programs, configurability, etc. *Notes by Doug Bowman and other members of the CS faculty at Virginia Tech. Copyright 2001-2003. (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 2 Why UNIX? Brief history of UNIX Used in many scientific and industrial settings Ken Thompson & Dennis Richie Huge number of free and well-written originally developed the earliest software programs versions of UNIX at Bell Labs for Open-source OS internal use in 1970s Internet servers and services run on UNIX Borrowed best ideas from other Oss Largely hardware-independent Meant for programmers and computer Based on standards experts Meant to run on “mini computers” (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 3 (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 4 Early UNIX History UNIX variants Thompson also rewrote the operating system Two main threads of development: in high level language of his own design Berkeley software distribution (BSD) which he called B. Unix System Laboratories System V Sun: SunOS, Solaris The B language lacked many features and Ritchie decided to design a successor to B GNU: Linux (many flavors) which he called C. SGI: Irix They then rewrote UNIX in the C FreeBSD programming language to aid in portability. Hewlett-Packard: HP-UX Apple: OS X (Darwin) … (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 5 (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 6 1 Layers in the UNIX System UNIX Structure User Interface The kernel is the core of the UNIX Library Interface Users system, controlling the system Standard Utility Programs hardware and performing various low- (shell, editors, compilers, etc.) System Interface calls User Mode level functions. -
Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd Table of Contents Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd
Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to FreeBSD Table of Contents Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to FreeBSD............................................................................1 Dedication..........................................................................................................................................3 Foreword............................................................................................................................................4 Introduction........................................................................................................................................5 What Is FreeBSD?...................................................................................................................5 How Did FreeBSD Get Here?..................................................................................................5 The BSD License: BSD Goes Public.......................................................................................6 The Birth of Modern FreeBSD.................................................................................................6 FreeBSD Development............................................................................................................7 Committers.........................................................................................................................7 Contributors........................................................................................................................8 Users..................................................................................................................................8 -
SGI® L1 and L2 Controller Software User's Guide
SGI® L1 and L2 Controller Software User’s Guide 007-3938-004 CONTRIBUTORS Written by Linda Rae Sande Revised by Francisco Razo and Terry Schultz Illustrated by Dan Young Production by Terry Schultz Engineering contributions by Don Adams, Michael T. Brown, Dick Brownell, Jason Chang, Steve Hein, Jill Heitpas, Nancy Heller, Matt Hoy, Hao Pham, Craig Schultz, and Lisa Steinmetz. COPYRIGHT © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved; provided portions may be copyright in third parties, as indicated elsewhere herein. No permission is granted to copy, distribute, or create derivative works from the contents of this electronic documentation in any manner, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. LIMITED RIGHTS LEGEND The software described in this document is “commercial computer software” provided with restricted rights (except as to included open/free source) as specified in the FAR 52.227-19 and/or the DFAR 227.7202, or successive sections. Use beyond license provisions is a violation of worldwide intellectual property laws, treaties and conventions. This document is provided with limited rights as defined in 52.227-14. TRADEMARKS AND ATTRIBUTIONS Silicon Graphics, SGI, the SGI logo, Altix, Onyx, and Origin are registered trademarks and Fuei, NUMAflex, NUMAlink, Prism, and SGIconsole are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc., in the U.S. and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. New Features in This Guide This manual has been updated with information to support the SGI Altix 3700 Bx2 system. Major Documentation Changes The following sections were revised for this release: • Added information about the Silicon Graphics Prism Visualization System in the Introduction, Chapter 1, and Chapter 2. -
Application of General Purpose HPC Systems in HPEC David Alexander
Application of General Purpose HPC Systems in HPEC David Alexander Silicon Graphics, Inc. Phone: (650) 933-1073 Fax: (650) 932-0663 Email: [email protected] Areas that this paper/presentation will address: * Reconfigurable Computing for Embedded Systems * High-Speed Interconnect Technologies Abstract: High performance embedded computing (HPEC) has traditionally been performed by systems designed specifically for the task. Recent years have seen the increasing application of general-purpose high performance computing (HPC) systems in embedded applications. General purpose HPC systems typically have a large user base which results in broad application SW and device driver availability, robust development and debugging tools, and revenue streams which support significant R&D funding of technologies to enhance HPC system performance and reliability. Various factors have prevented wider adoption of general purpose HPC systems in the embedded space...factors such as lack of dense, ruggedized packaging suitable for embedded applications, lack of real-time capabilities in general purpose operating systems [1], and performance/watt and performance/unit volume advantages that specialized systems have traditionally had over general purpose HPC systems. This presentation details plans for addressing these shortcomings through the deployment of a heterogeneous computing architecture which incorporates FPGA-based reconfigurable computing and I/O elements, system interconnect advancements leveraged from HPC system development, microprocessor and system advancements developed under DARPA's HPCS program, and the mapping of the system into packaging suitable for HPEC applications. Introduction and System Architectural Review SGI's ccNUMA (cache coherent non-uniform memory architecture) global shared memory system architecture is the basis of our general-purpose Origin [2] and Altix [3] HPC systems. -
Introduction
CS307 Operating Systems Introduction Fan Wu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Spring 2020 Operating Systems Operating Systems 2 Operating Systems UNIX-family: BSD(Berkeley Software Distribution), System-V, GNU/Linux, MINIX, Nachos, OS X, iOS BSD-family: FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD System-V-family: AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris Linux-family: Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE, Linux Mint, Google's Android, WebOS, Meego MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Windows Mobile, Win-CE, WP8 AmigaOS Symbian, MeeGo Google Chrome OS OS/2 XrossMediaBar(XMB) for PS3, Orbis OS for PS4 Input Output System for Wii Tiny-OS, LynxOS, QNX, VxWorks Operating Systems 3 Four Components of a Computer System People, machines, other computers Application programs define the ways in which theSystem system programs resources are arecomputer used to software solve the computingdesigned to problems operate theof thecomputer users hardware and toControls provide and a platformcoordinates for runninguse of hardware application among programsvarious applications and users provides basic computing resources Operating Systems 4 Computer System Structure Hardware – provides basic computing resources CPU, memory, I/O devices Operating system – Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users System programs – are computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application programs BIOS and device drivers Application programs – define the ways in -
SGI® Altix® 330 Self-Paced Training
SGI Multi-Paradigm Architecture Michael Woodacre Chief Engineer, Server Platform Group [email protected] A History of Innovation in HPC Challenge® XL media server fuels Steven Spielberg’s Shoah NASA Ames and project to document Altix® set world Power Series™, Holocaust survivor record for multi-processing stories systems provide STREAMS Jim Clark compute power First systems benchmark founded SGI on SGI introduces for high-end deployed in Stephen the vision of its first 64-bit graphics Hawking’s COSMOS Altix®, first scalable Computer operating applications system 64-bit Linux® Server Visualization system 1982 1984 1988 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2001 2003 2004 DOE deploys 6144p Introduced First generation Origin 2000 to IRIS® Workstations modular NUMA System: monitor and become first integrated NUMAflex™ Origin® 2000 simulate nuclear 3D graphics systems architecture stockpile with Origin® 3000 First 512p Altix cluster Dockside engineering analysis on Origin® drives ocean research at NASA Ames 2000 and Indigo2™ helps Team New +10000p upgrade! Zealand win America’s Cup Images courtesy of Team New Zealand and the University of Cambridge SGI Proprietary 2 Over Time, Problems Get More Complex, Data Sets Exploding Bumper, hood, engine, wheels Entire car E-crash dummy Organ damage This Trend Continues Across SGI's Markets Improve design Improve patient safety Improve oil exploration Improve hurricane prediction & manufacturing First Row Images: EAI, Lana Rushing, Engineering Animation, Inc, Volvo Car Corporation, Images courtesy of the SCI, Second Row Images: The MacNeal-Schwendler Corp , Manchester Visualization Center and University Department of Surgery, Paradigm Geophysical, the Laboratory for Atmospheres,SGI Proprietary NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. -
SGI® Altix® 4700 Servers and Supercomputers
SGI® Altix® 4700 Servers and Supercomputers Revolutionary Platform Delivers New System Highlights • Unique modular blade design for superior performance Levels of Performance and Flexibility density and ‘plug and solve’ fl exibility with a Functional Blade Design • Designed for future upgrade, expansion and integration of next-generation technologies • Scalable system size for simplifi ed programming, administration and sustained performance • Standards-based platform reduces cost while delivering uncompromised performance on Linux® Modular Blade Design for Superior Performance Density and ‘Plug and Solve’ Flexibility SGI® Altix® 4700 platform is comprised of modular blades - interchangeable compute, memory, I/O and special purpose blades for ‘plug and solve’ configuration flexibility. The innovative blade-to-NUMAlink™ architecture enables users to mix and match a variety of standardized blade choices, for perfect system right-sizing. The compact blade packaging of the Altix 4700 rack also provides excellent performance density, delivering over one teraflop per tall rack. SGI Altix 4700 is offered with two alternate compute blades; one optimized for maximum performance with top memory bandwidth and another optimized for cost-effective compute density. Designed for Future Upgrade, Expansion and Integration of Next-Generation Technologies SGI Altix 4700 supports dual-core Intel® Itanium® Series 9000 cpus and offers easy upgrade or expansion of memory, I/O or other capabilities. This flexible growth path makes it possible for customers to adjust system configurations to meet current and changing requirements easily and cost-effectively; minimum risk for maximum productivity. Altix 4700 also integrates SGI’s Peer I/O technology which enables high-speed access to SGI’s large shared memory for all system components. -
SGI® Altix® Architecture Considerations for Linux® Device Drivers
SGI® Altix® Architecture Considerations for Linux® Device Drivers 007–4763–001 COPYRIGHT © 2005, Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved; provided portions may be copyright in third parties, as indicated elsewhere herein. No permission is granted to copy, distribute, or create derivative works from the contents of this electronic documentation in any manner, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. LIMITED RIGHTS LEGEND The software described in this document is "commercial computer software" provided with restricted rights (except as to included open/free source) as specified in the FAR 52.227-19 and/or the DFAR 227.7202, or successive sections. Use beyond license provisions is a violation of worldwide intellectual property laws, treaties and conventions. This document is provided with limited rights as defined in 52.227-14. TRADEMARKS AND ATTRIBUTIONS Silicon Graphics, SGI, the SGI logo, Altix, IRIX, and Origin are registered trademarks and NUMAlink is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries worldwide. Intel and Itanium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linux Torvalds. Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. The information in Chapter 2, “Memory Operation Ordering on SGI Altix Systems,” was originally authored by Jesse Barnes. Record of Revision Version Description 001 August 2005 Original publication 007–4763–001 iii Contents About This Guide ..................... ix Related Resources ....................... ix Developer Program . -
Google Announces Chrome OS, for Release Mid
Google Announces Chrome OS, For Release Mid-... http://tech.slashdot.org/story/09/07/08/0953238/... Slashdot Stories Slash Boxes Comments Search Deals new SlashTV Jobs Newsletter Submit Login Join Slashdot81 Full 19 stories Abbreviated can be 0listened Hidden to in audio form via an RSS feed,/Sea as read by our own robotic overlord. Score: 5 4 3 2 Nickname: 1 0 -1Password: 989 More Login Public Terminal Nickname:Log In Forgot your password? Sign in with Password: Google Public Terminal Twitter Log In Forgot yourFacebook password? Close LinkedIn Close Close Stories Submissions Popular Blog Slashdot Build Ask Slashdot Book Reviews Games Idle YRO Technology Cloud Hardware Linux Management Mobile Science Security Storage 1 of 31 03/01/15 17:19 Google Announces Chrome OS, For Release Mid-... http://tech.slashdot.org/story/09/07/08/0953238/... Announcing: Slashdot Deals - Explore geek apps, games, gadgets and more. (what is this?) Close, and don't show me this again Google Announces Chrome OS, For Release Mid-2010 1089 Posted by timothy on Wednesday July 08, 2009 @07:14AM from the bring-on-the-shiny dept. Zaiff Urgulbunger writes "After years of speculation, Google has announced Google Chrome OS, which should be available mid-2010. Initially targeting netbooks, its main selling points are speed, simplicity and security — which kind of implies that the current No.1 OS doesn't deliver in these areas! The Chrome OS will run on both x86 and ARM architectures, uses a Linux kernel with a new windowing system. According to Google, 'For application developers, the web is the platform.