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Zeit Der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller Themendossier November 2019 Zeit der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller Whistleblowing, investigativer Journalismus und institutionelle Ermittlungen prägen derzeit das po- litische Klima, vor allem in den USA und in Großbri- tannien. Die beiden Filme The Report und Official Secrets blicken vor diesem Hintergrund auf Poli- tik-Skandale der jüngeren Vergangenheit. In The Report (ab 07.11. im Kino, ab 29.11. als VoD) deckt ein Senatsmitarbeiter auf, wie CIA und US-Militär im Rahmen des war on terror systematisch Ge- fangene gefoltert haben. In Official Secrets (ab 21.11. im Kino) versucht eine Whistleblowerin, den Irakkrieg zu verhindern. Unsere Unterrichtsmateri- alien ab Klasse 9 und für die Oberstufe widmen sich der Genre-Ästhetik des Politthrillers. Themendossier November 2019 Zeit der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller Inhalt EINFÜHRUNG UNTERRICHTSMATERIAL 03 Zeit der Enthüllungen – 17 Arbeitsblatt: The Report Aktuelle Politthriller und Official Secrets - DIDAKTISCH-METHODISCHER KOMMENTAR: FILMBESPRECHUNG O FFICIAL S ECRET S - AUFGABE 1: HERANFÜHRUNG AN 05 The Report O FFICIAL S ECRET S - DIDAKTISCH-METHODISCHER KOMMENTAR: T HE R EP O RT FILMBESPRECHUNG - AUFGABE 1: HERANFÜHRUNG AN T HE R EP O RT 07 Official Secrets COURSE MATERIAL IN ENGLISH FILMBESPRECHUNG 21 Worksheet: The Report 09 Inside Wikileaks – and Official Secrets Die fünfte Gewalt FILMBESPRECHUNG 23 Links und Literatur 11 Citizenfour 25 Impressum FILMBESPRECHUNG 13 Snowden ANREGUNGEN 15 Außerschulische Filmarbeit zu Demokratie und Whistleblowing www.kinofenster.de Themendossier November 2019 Zeit der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller Einführung: Zeit der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller (1/2) anderen Whistleblowern wenig bekannt. ZEIT DER ENTHÜLLUNGEN – Ihr Beispiel zeigt eine eindrückliche Form von Zivilcourage: Sie handelt spontan aus AKTUELLE POLITTHRILLER moralischer Überzeugung und ohne sich Whistleblowing, investigativer Journalismus und institutionelle Ermittlungen vorab gegen die gravierenden Folgen ab- prägen derzeit das politische Klima in Großbritannien und den USA. zusichern. Zugleich wirft ihr Beispiel die Eine Reihe von aktuellen Spielfilmen blickt vor diesem Hintergrund auf komplexen rechtlichen und ethischen Politik-Skandale nach 9/11. Fragestellungen, die beim Whistleblowing von Fall zu Fall unterschiedlich diskutiert werden können: Welche Enthüllungen ie Präsidentschaft von Donald Trump gestoßen wurde. Whistleblower wollen deckt die Rede- beziehungsweise Mei- Dhat neue Maßstäbe für den politi- staatliche oder privatwirtschaftliche Ak- nungsfreiheit? Kann Geheimnisverrat als schen Diskurs in der Mediendemokratie teure durch das Aufdecken von Missstän- ethisch legitimes Mittel gelten? Handeln gesetzt. Ihre bisherige Geschichte ließe den zur Verantwortung ziehen. Auch der Staatsangestellte im Dienste der Regie- sich als eine Chronik von täglichen medi- Impeachment-Untersuchung im Kongress rung oder, wie Gun sagt, im Dienste der alen Kontroversen erzählen, die der 45. war eine Whistleblower-Anzeige voraus- Bevölkerung? In Official Secrets steht US-Präsident häufig selbst mit seinen of- gegangen. Allerdings wandte sich der oder am Ende schließlich nicht nur Gun, son- fensiven, oft auch beleidigenden Tweets die Whistleblower/-in in diesem Fall nicht dern implizit auch die Rechtmäßigkeit hervorruft. Die Politik-Berichterstattung an die Öffentlichkeit, sondern wählte den der Regierungspolitik von Tony Blair vor wird derweil auch durch ständig neue internen Weg der demokratischen checks Gericht. Leaks aus dem Weißen Haus geprägt. and balances. In den USA gibt es seit 1989 3 Dem investigativen Journalismus liefern den Whistleblowers Protection Act, eine Neue Heldinnen und Helden im (25) Informanten und ehemalige Mitarbeiter/ Gesetzgebung zum Schutz von Personen, Politthriller -innen aus der Trump-Administration die bei staatlichen Aufsichtsbehörden Hin- In dem Politdrama The Report entschei- eine in dieser Form neue Fülle an Materi- weise auf Korruption und Fehlverhalten im det sich der Protagonist Daniel Jones al. Empfindlich geschadet haben Trump Regierungsapparat einreichen können. Im (Adam Driver) hingegen in einer zentralen diese Enthüllungen bisher kaum. Mit dem Gegensatz zum Fall von Edward Snowden, Szene, gerade nicht als Whistleblower zu Amtsenthebungsverfahren, das Nancy der geheimdienstlich geschütztes Material handeln. Jones, Mitarbeiter im Geheim- Pelosi, Sprecherin des Repräsentanten- öffentlich machte, handelt es sich hier um dienstausschuss des US-Senats, sitzt ne- hauses, am 24. September 2019 ankün- legales Whistleblowing. ben einem Investigativreporter der New digte, steht das Weiße Haus nun jedoch York Times in einem Auto. Vor ihm liegt vor einem Skandal, der – unabhängig vom Whistleblower als Filmfiguren sein Bericht über Verhör- und Folterme- Ausgang des Verfahrens – das politische Während sich noch kein Film an eine vor- thoden der CIA im Rahmen des war on Klima in den USA langfristig prägen wird. zeitige Revision der Trump-Präsident- terror. Die mehrere tausend Seiten starke Ein Vergleich mit dem Watergate-Skandal schaft gewagt hat, blicken zwei aktuelle Studie, die gravierende Menschenrechts- (1972-74) wird in den liberalen US-Medien Filme auf Politik-Skandale der jüngeren verletzungen des US-Geheimdienstes bereits seit Berichten über Verbindungen Vergangenheit. Die britische Produktion aufdeckt, droht unter Verschluss gehal- von Trumps Wahlkampagne nach Russ- Official Secrets erzählt von Katharine ten zu werden. „Es muss anders gehen“, land bemüht. Gun, einer Übersetzerin beim britischen sagt Jones und steckt das Papier wieder Geheimdienst, und ihren Enthüllungen im in die Tasche. The Report erzählt von den Whistleblowing zwischen Vorfeld des Irakkriegs. Gun, im Film ge- Mühen der Ebenen demokratischer Pro- Legalität und Straftat spielt von Keira Kneightly, lässt 2003 der zesse – insbesondere bei den Kontrollme- Die Enthüllungen der Trump-Ära knüpfen Zeitung The Observer ein Dokument vom chanismen der Gewaltenteilung zwischen an eine Entwicklung an, die bereits seit US-Nachrichtendienst NSA zukommen, Senat, CIA und Weißem Haus. Mehr Kam- mehr als einem Jahrzehnt durch digita- um eine britische Beteiligung an der ille- merspiel als Politthriller, spielt der Film le Whistleblower wie Edward Snowden galen Invasion in den Irak zu verhindern. vor allem in lichtarmen Behördenbüros oder die Online-Plattform WikiLeaks an- In Deutschland ist Gun im Vergleich zu mit Aktenstapeln und Datenbanken. www.kinofenster.de Themendossier November 2019 Zeit der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller Einführung: Zeit der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller (2/2) Die neuen Heldinnen und Helden des Po- Autor: litkinos sind integre, aber charakterlich Jan-Philipp Kohlmann, Filmjournalist etwas biedere Bürokraten. The Report und Redakteur von kinofenster.de, und Official Secrets lösen sich damit in 0 4.11.2019 ihrer Figurenzeichnung von den Genre- Klassikern der 1970er-Jahre. Mehr Überwachung, weniger Paranoia Als im New Hollywood-Kino prägende Politthriller wie Der Dialog (1974), Zeu- ge einer Verschwörung (1974), Die drei Tage des Condor (1975) oder Die Unbe- stechlichen (1976) entstanden, waren die Helden – stets männlich, rebellisch, wagemutig – noch unauflösbaren Ver- schwörungen auf der Spur. Fundamental beeinflusst von der Watergate-Affäre um Richard Nixon, gilt diese Reihe von Fil- men nicht umsonst als Paranoia-Kino. Die Whistleblower-Filme des neuen Jahrtau- 4 sends – neben den oben genannten auch (25) Inside WikiLeaks – Die fünfte Gewalt (2013) und Snowden (2016) – folgen ihren filmischen Vorbildern zwar noch formal: mit Schauplätzen wie Tiefgaragen und kafkaesken Bürofluren, in der Mise-en- Scène ihrer Figuren vor übergroßen Ge- bäuden, in der Dramaturgie vom Kampf des Einzelnen gegen die Institutionen. Die paranoide Grundstimmung teilen diese Filme jedoch nicht mehr, und das obwohl ja gerade mit Edward Snowden erst das Ausmaß der digitalen Überwachung be- kannt wurde. Mehr Überwachung, weni- ger Paranoia: Das Whistleblower-Kino ist hier gewissermaßen dialektisch zu ver- stehen. So beunruhigend der Eingriff in die Privatsphäre der Bürger/-innen ist, so erscheinen im Zeitalter der Enthüllungen jedoch auch die Institutionen transparen- ter. Politik und Privatwirtschaft müssen, so der Tenor dieser Filme, mehr denn je mit einer öffentlichen Aufdeckung ihrer Verfehlungen rechnen. www.kinofenster.de Themendossier November 2019 Zeit der Enthüllungen – Aktuelle Politthriller Filmbesprechung: The Report (1/2) – USA 2019 Politthriller, Drama Kinostart: 07.11.2019 Veröffentlichungstermin: 29.11.2019 (VoD) Distributionsform: Kino, Video-on-Demand Verfügbarkeit: Amazon Prime Verleih: DCM Film Distribution Regie und Drehbuch: Scott Z. Burns Darsteller/innen: Adam Driver, Annette Bening, Jon Hamm, Linda Powell, Ted Levine, Corey Stoll, Michael C. Hall, Maura Tierney, Ian Blackman u.a. Kamera: Eigil Bryld The Report Laufzeit: 119 min, deutsche 5 Fassung, OmU, OV (25) 2014 deckte der US-Senat mit einem Untersuchungsbericht einen Skandal auf: Format: Digital, Farbe CIA und Militär hatten im Rahmen des war on terror systematisch Gefangene Barrierefreie Fassung: nein gefoltert. Ein Film über die checks and balances der Demokratie. FSK: ab 12 J. Altersempfehlung: ab 16 J. Klassenstufen: ab 11. Klasse ls 2012 Kathryn Bigelows Zero Dark Sachliche Gegenwartsebene, Themen: Demokratie, Folter, AThirty über die Jagd auf Osama Bin aufwühlende Flashbacks Terrorismus, Menschenrechte/- Laden ins Kino kam, erntete der US-ame- In der Amazon-Produktion
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