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Habitation Module Talk National Aeronautics and Space Administration Habitation Module 26 July 2016 – NASA Advisory Council, Human Exploration and Operations Committee Jason Crusan | Advanced Exploration Systems Director | NASA Headquarters 2 Human Exploration of Mars Is Hard Common Capability Needs Identified from Multiple Studies Reliable In-Space 800-1,100 Days 44 min Transportation Total time crew is Maximum two- away from Earth – way communication 300 KW for orbit missions all in time delay – Autonomous Operations Total continuous Micro-g and Radiation transportation power 130 t Heavy-Lift Mass 20-30 t Long Surface Stay Multiple Ability to 500 Days Launches per land large mission payloads Surface Operations Dust Toxicity and 100 km 11.2 km/s Long Range Exploration Earth Entry Speed 20 t Oxygen produced for ascent to orbit - ISRU 3 The Habitation Development Challenge HABITATATION CAPABILITY Days 800-1,100 Habitation Systems – Total time crew is AES/ISS/STMD away from Earth – for orbit missions • Environmental Control & Life Support all in Micro-g and • Autonomous Systems Integrated Radiation • EVA testing on ISS • Fire Safety • Radiation Protection Habitation Systems - Crew Health – HRP Long Surface Stay • Human Research 500 Days • Human Performance • Exercise PROVING GROUND Validation in cislunar space • Nutrition Habitation Capability– NextSTEP BAA / Int. Partners • Studies and ground prototypes of pressurized volumes 4 Specific Habitation Systems Objectives TODAY FUTURE Habitation The systemse toolse and protetions that allow Systems Elements humans to live and work in space and on other worlds. ISS Deep Space 42% O Recovery from CO 2 2 75%+ O2 Recovery from CO2 90% H O Recovery 98%+ H O Recovery 1 2 2 Atmosphere Water Waste Food < 6 mo mean time before failure >24 mo mean time before failure LIFE SUPPORT Management Management Management Management (for some components) Limited, crew-intensive On-board analysis capability on-board capability with no sample return 2 Reliance on sample return Identify and quantify species to Earth for analysis and organisms in air & water Pressure, Moisture Particles Microbes Chemicals Sound ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING O2 & N2 Bulky fitness equipment Smaller, efficient equipment Limited medical capability Onboard medical capability Frequent food system resupply 3 Long-duration food system Monitoring Exercise Diagnostics Treatment Food Storage CREW HEALTH Node 2 crew quarters (CQ) w/ polyethylene reduce impacts of proton irradiation. Solar particle event storm shelter, optimized position of on-board RAD, REM – real-time dosimetry, materials and CQ monitoring, tracking, model validation 4 & verification Distributed REM/HERA system TEPC, IVTEPC – real-time dosimetry for real-time monitoring & tracking RADIATION Monitoring Tracking Modeling Mitigation CPD, RAM – passive dosimeters CPAD – real-time dosimeter PROTECTION Large CO2 Suppressant Tanks Unified, effective fire safety 2-cartridge mask approach across small and large architecture elements 5 Obsolete combustion prod. sensor Detection Protection Suppression Cleanup FIRE SAFETY Only depress/repress clean-up Manual scans, displaced items Automatic, autonomous RFID Disposable cotton clothing Long-wear clothing & laundry 6 Packaging disposed Bags/foam repurposed w/3D printer Tracking Clothing Packaging Trash LOGISTICS Bag and discard Resource recovery, then disposal Minimal on-board autonomy Ops independent of Earth & crew Near-continuous ground-crew comm Up to 40-minute comm delay 7 Some common interfaces, Widespread common interfaces, Common modules controlled separately modules/systems integrated Autonomy Power Communication Docking CROSS-CUTTING Interfaces Human Space Exploration Phases From ISS to the Surface of Mars Ends with testing, research and Today demos complete* Asteroid Redirect Crewed Phase 0: Exploration Systems Mission Marks Move from Testing on ISS Phase 1 to Phase 2 Phase 1: Ends with one year Cislunar Flight Testing of crewed Mars-class Exploration Systems shakedown cruise Phase 2: Cislunar Validation of Exploration Capability Phase 3: Crewed Missions Beyond Earth-Moon System Planning for the details Phase 4a: Development and specific objectives will be and robotic preparatory needed in ~2020 missions * There are several other considerations for ISS end-of-life Phase 4b: Mars Mid-2020s 2030 Human Landing Missions 6 Deep Space Habitat Development Strategy NASA has a habitation strategy to develop a long duration, deep space habitat while at the same time stimulate commercial habitats in LEO Deep Space Habitation Systems Development • Existing projects in the AES Habitation Systems Domain are focused on development of key habitat systems such as environmental control and life support systems, radiation monitoring and mitigation, power, avionics and software, fire safety, and logistics management. • Existing projects and research in the Human Research Program are focus on human health and performance. • Testing of deep space long duration habitation systems and operational strategies are and will continue to be conducted on the ISS to reduce risk. Deep Space Habitation Capability Development • To ensure NASA gains innovative habitation concepts from industry, NASA is in the process of using the Broad Agency Announcement contracting mechanism to implement a phased approach for the deep space habitat development, including ground-based testing by 2018. – BAA allows greater opportunity than an RFP would to accomplish dual objectives of deep space habitat development and commercial market stimulation in LEO. – AES awarded the NextSTEP Phase 1 public-private partnerships for industry-led studies to define deep space habitat design concepts while maximizing synergy with commercial applications in LEO. – AES issued NextSTEP Phase 2 BAA that acts as if it were an on ramp for additional Phase 2 providers at the same time as we conduct the decision for any existing Phase 1 awards to proceed to Phase 2. NextSTEP BAA Phase 2, on-going technology development, and discussions with potential international partners all feed into decision(s) on acquisition approach for habitation for deep space and for commercial investment in LEO capability. Deep-Space Habitation Development Strategy Proving Ground Phase 0: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING ON ISS / LEO Bigelow Expandable Activity Module Spacecraft Logistics Fire Safety Management Habitation Systems Development Advanced Exploration Systems & Human Research Program Life Support Advanced Systems Avionics EVA Docking Hatch Radiation Detection Proving Ground Phase 1: Proving Ground Phase 2: DEEP SPACE TESTING DEEP SPACE VALIDATION Initial Cislunar Habitation Long Duration Habitation Validation Cruise 8 Expandable Habitat Demonstration on Space Station: Bigelow Expandable Activity Module BEAM Installation on International Space Station. LAUNCHED April 8, 2016 INSTALLED April 16, 2016 9 BEAM Expanded on Space Station – May 28, 2016 10 Astronauts Enter BEAM – June 6, 2016 11 Habitation Capability Development Approach 12 Habitation Capability Development Approach Ends with Industry Ends with: 1) Industry Developed Ground Prototype Module performing integrated tests, 2) identified Developed Concepts – standards and common interfaces, and 3) Decision on contract(s) identified what would be provided as GFE from NA 2015-2016 continuation – Decision point on contract continuation and if so, 2016 - 2018 what contractor specific element(s) focus and NAS • Obtain Innovative A provided GFE Cislunar Habitation Continue concept refinement Concepts that leverage and development of domestic Commercialization ground prototype module(s) and Plans for LEO lead the development of (NextSTEP Phase 1) standards and common Ends with Deployment • Develop required interfaces domestically and and Operational Status deliverables include international of Deep Space Habitat Concept Description with • Contractor(NextSTEP Phase 2): 2018+ concept of operations, Concept description with Phase 2 proposal and concept of operations, provide Phase 3 SOW Phase 3 proposal and SOW, • Determine acquisition approach • Initial discussions with delivery of ground prototype including domestic and international international partner module(s) partnerships contributions • Development of Deep Space Habitat • NASA: Define reference for Proving Ground Phase 1 Objectives habitat architecture based on • Deliverables include Flight Unit(s) (note contractor and international may be multiple modules integrated via concepts and identified GFE in common interfaces and standards) preparation for Phase 3 13 NextSTEP BAA Phase 1 – Habitation Capability Objectives • An important part of NASA’s exploration strategy is to stimulate the commercial space industry while leveraging those same commercial capabilities through public-private partnerships and potentially future contracts to deliver mission capabilities at lower costs. • NextSTEP BAA Phase 1 objectives are to develop innovative concepts and perform technology investigations for an initial habitation capability in cislunar space with extensibility for in-space transit habitation such as those being considered by NASA or the capabilities that enable a potential use of commercial Low Earth Orbit (LEO) habitation capabilities coupled with government-provided exploration in-space habitation capabilities in cisunar space. – This initial habitation capability will serve as the first foundational cornerstone of a future deep space transit mission and may include multiple elements developed over a phased build out as the architecture
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