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SICSA SPACE ARCHITECTURE SEMINAR LECTURE SERIES PART I: SPACE STRUCTURES AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS www.sicsa.uh.edu LARRY BELL, SASAKAWA INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SPACE ARCHITECTURE (SICSA) GERALD D.HINES COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON, HOUSTON, TX The Sasakawa International Center for SICSA routinely presents its publications, Space Architecture (SICSA), an research and design results and other organization attached to the University of information materials on its website Houston’s Gerald D. Hines College of (www.sicsa.uh.edu). This is done as a free Architecture, offers advanced courses service to other interested institutions and that address a broad range of space individuals throughout the world who share our systems research and design topics. In interests. 2003 SICSA and the college initiated Earth’s first MS-Space Architecture This report is offered in a PowerPoint format with degree program, an interdisciplinary 30 the dedicated intent to be useful for academic, credit hour curriculum that is open to corporate and professional organizations who participants from many fields. Some wish to present it in group forums. The document students attend part-time while holding is the first in a series of seminar lectures that professional employment positions at SICSA has prepared as information material for NASA, affiliated aerospace corporations its own academic applications. We hope that and other companies, while others these materials will also be valuable for others complete their coursework more rapidly who share our goals to advance space on a full-time basis. exploration and development. SPACE STRUCTURES AND PREFACE SUPPORT SYSTEMS The SICSA Space Architecture Seminar Lecture Series is divided into two general Lecture Groups : GROUP ONE: GROUP TWO: Part I : Space Structures and Part V : The History of Support Systems Space Architecture Part II : Human Adaptation and Part VI : The Nature of Space Safety in Space Environments Part III : Space Transportation, Part VII : Environmental Planning Propulsion and Pathways and Systems Part IV : Space Mission and Part VIII : Shelter Design and Facility Architectures Construction The SICSA Seminar Lecture Series SPACE STRUCTURES AND PREFACE SUPPORT SYSTEMS This lecture series provides comprehensive information, considerations and examples to support SPACE STRUCTURES & SUPPORT SYSTEMS planning of human space missions and facilities: HUMAN ADAPTATION & SAFETY IN SPACE IN SAFETY & HUMAN ADAPTATION Part I (this report) presents a general anatomy of CONSTRUCTION space habitats and vehicles as a foundation for & ELEMENTS understanding relationships to topics discussed in other three parts: PART I - Module types, elements and construction HABITATS & FEATURES influence Human Adaptation and Safety (Part II) PART II by determining habitat options and features (including life support and other systems). PART IV - Habitat structures must be designed to comply TYPES & PART III PART with launch and transfer capacities of Space REQUIREMENTS Transportation, Propulsion and Pathways (Part III) with regard to allowable payload mass and VOLUME & volume. MASS ALLOWABLE - Selection and planning of all space structures and SPACE MISSION & FACILITY ARCHITECTURES & FACILITY MISSION SPACE support systems must be responsive to Space PATHWAYS SION & & SION Mission and Facility Architectures (Part IV) that PROPUL TRANSPORTATION, SPACE are determined by program goals and objectives. Key Relationships to Other Lectures SICSA SEMINAR SERIES PART I EMPHASES We are very grateful to Dr. James F. “Jim” Peters who has generously made a large body of material he has developed and collected available to us. This report draws extensively from his work. Much additional material can be obtained from his book, “Spacecraft Systems Design and Operations”, which can be obtained from the Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 4050 Westmark Drive, Dubuque, Iowa 52202. This excellent publication is used as a primary text for the SICSA MS-Space Architecture curriculum, and is highly recommended as a valuable reference document for students and professionals at all career stages. Key Reference Book SPACE STRUCTURES AND SPECIAL CREDITS SUPPORT SYSTEMS “Human Space Flight: Mission Analysis and Design” is a comprehensive and substantial book that should be in the library of any organization and individual involved in space project management, research, design or operations. The document was edited by Wiley J. Larson of the US Air Force Academy and Linda K. Pranke of LK Editorial Services as part of a Space Technology Series through a cooperative activity of NASA and the US Department of Justice. Text materials were contributed by 67 professional engineers, managers and educators from industry, government and academia. It is available through the Higher Education Division of McGraw- Hill. Important Resource Book SPACE STRUCTURES AND SPECIAL CREDITS SUPPORT SYSTEMS It would be difficult or impossible to find anyone more knowledgeable about the subject of his book, “Space Stations and Platforms”, than Gordon Woodcock from Boeing. “Gordy” has enormously broad experience and expertise, and we are all fortunate he has made the effort to share it. As noted by Edward Gibson in the book’s forward, “Over the coming years, this work should become a classic space station reference. It has high value for those who desire to understand, appreciate or contribute to our first permanent settlement in New Earth”. It can be obtained through the publisher: Orbit Book Company, Inc., 2005 Township Road, Malabar, Florida 32950. Important Resource Book SPACE STRUCTURES AND SPECIAL CREDITS SUPPORT SYSTEMS Section A : Background - Vibration Sources and Problems………………....B-4 Adapting to Environments - Pressurized Habitat forms…………………....……B-5 - Thermal Loads and Interventions………………...B-6 - Shelter Precedents……………………………... A-2 - The Natural Radiation Environment……………...B-7 - Special and Extreme Environments…………...A-3 - Radiation Effects on Crew and Equipment………B-8 - Space Habitat Applications……………………..A-4 - Radiation Protection………………………………..B-9 Astrotectonics - Lunar Soil as a Radiation Barrier………….…...…B-10 - Key Planning Considerations………………..… A-5 - SICSA’s Project LEAP Concept…………………..B-11 - Application Considerations…………………….. A-6 - Space Debris Hazards………………….………….B-12 - Transportation Considerations………………… A-7 - Space Debris Protection………………………...…B-13 - Deployment Considerations………………...…. A-8 - Material Degradation / Atomic Oxygen…........…..B-14 - Operational Considerations……………………. A-9 - Reducing Atomic Oxygen Effects………………...B-15 - Structural Loads……………...………….....……A-10 Construction Possibilities - Requirement Influences……………...……….…A-11 - Habitat Module Types………………...……………B-16 - Summary Considerations……………………….A-12 References and Other Sources………………...A-13 Conventional Modules - Conventional Module Examples…………………..B-17 Section B : Space Structures & Applications - Types of Pressure Structures……………………..B-18 General Design Considerations - Primary Habitat Module Structures……………….B-19 - Operational and Environmental Issues….….…B-2 - Secondary Habitat Module Structures……………B-20 - Launch, Docking and Reentry Loads….…..…. B-3 SPACE STRUCTURES AND CONTENTS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - Airlocks……………………………………………. B-21 - NASA-JSC / ILC Lunar Habitat Construction....…B-39 Telescoping Modules - NASA-JSC TransHab Concept.............................B-41 - SICSA Concept for Mars Surface…………..…. B-22 - NASA-JSC / ILC Dover TransHab Prototype….…B-42 - SICSA Concept (LaBS facility)……....…….……B-23 - Bigelow Commercial Venture……………………..B-43 - Bigelow Module Development…………………….B-44 Inflatable Modules - Bigelow Module Testing………...……….....…..... B-45 - NASA Lunar Base Concept……………………..B-24 - SICSA “Pop-Out” Interior Concept…………….....B-46 - Russian Airlock Demonstration…...……...….… B-25 - Early GAC Developments (Toroidal Structure). B-26 Hybrid Modules - Early GAC Developments (Lunar Shelter)……. B-27 - SICSA SpaceHab Concept…………………...….. B-51 - Early GAC Developments (“Moby Dick” ).....…..B-28 - SICSA LunarHab Concept…………………..........B-55 - Early GAC Developments (Spacelab Tunnel)...B-29 - SICSA MarsLAb Concept……………...….........…B-57 - Early GAC Developments (Airlock)….........……B-30 - SICSA Lunar/ Mars Hab…………...………......….B-59 - GAC Folding Techniques…………….....….....…B-31 Module Combinations - GAC Pressure Wall Construction……....………B-32 - SICSA’s Project LEAP……...…………..….………B-61 - Foam Rigidized Structures…….......…...…..…..B-34 - SICSA’s First Mars Outpost…...……...……….….B-62 - Early Inflatable Development…………………... B-35 - SICSA’s Lunar/ Mars Modules……………….……B-63 - Lawrence Livermore Studies……………....……B-36 Outside Viewing - NASA-JSC / ILC Lunar Habitat……...…….....…B-38 - Window Importance………………………………..B-66 SPACE STRUCTURES AND CONTENTS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - Window Types and Location………...…..…. B-67 - Configuration Concepts ………...….………….….…B-88 - Special Viewing Devices………………….… B-69 - System Types - Common Truss Geometries….…. B-92 - Attached Cupola Concepts……………….... B-70 - System Types - Tetrahedral Trusses………………B-93 - Window Planning and Design……………… B-71 - System Types - Deployable Truss Structure……...B-94 - Illustrative Construction Concepts…………. B-72 - System Types - ACCESS Construction Operation B-95 - Skylab Windows……………………………... B-73 - System Types - Telerobotic Assembly …………….B-96 - Skylab Wardroom Window………………….. B-74 - System Types - ERA Unfurlable Structure…………B-97 - ESA Spacelab Window Adapter Assembly.. B-75 - System Types – Automated Beam
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