DOCSLIB.ORG

2019 Committee on Civil Liberties

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2019 Committee on Civil Liberties EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 2014 - 2019 Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs DRAFT MISSION REPORT of the EP LIBE delegation to Lampedusa (Italy) on search and rescue, in the context of the strategic own-initiative report on “the situation in the Mediterranean and the need for a holistic EU approach to migration” 17-18 September 2015 The LIBE Delegation on search and rescue to Lampedusa, Italy, on 17-18 September 2015 was composed of: MEMBERS Anna Maria CORAZZA BILDT EPP Head of delegation Kashetu KYENGE S&D Judith SARGENTINI Greens / ALE Ignazio CORRAO EFDD The delegation was authorised by the Conference of Presidents on 4 June 2015. 1. Introduction A delegation of four Members of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs travelled to Italy from 17 to 18 September 2015 in order to gain a better understanding of search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean Sea. The delegation visited the Carlo Bergamini frigate, flagship of the Italian navy operation Mare Sicuro, currently deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, and the Phoenix vessel of the MOAS (Migrant Offshore Aid Station). Additionally, the delegation met with the mayor of Lampedusa, the international organisations and NGOs present in Lampedusa, the Guardia di Finanza (customs police) and Coast guard. The delegation witnessed the disembarkation of 50migrants who had been rescued at sea and their initial reception upon arrival at the pier in the harbour of Lampedusa. 2. Meeting with the mayor of Lampedusa, Ms Giusi Nicolini In the evening of the 17th of September, the delegation had an informal meeting with the Mayor of Lampedusa, Ms Giusi Nicolini. The mayor welcomed the members of the LIBE delegation and described the current situation in Lampedusa. The island, which due to its position is often the first safe port of disembarkation for migrants 1 rescued at sea, hosts a Centro di primo soccorso e accoglienza (CPSA), first reception and assistance center. The Mayor described the way in which disembarkation operations are normally carried out, highlighting that they have developed a good procedure and coordination: migrants are disembarked on a dedicated pier of the harbor of Lampedusa, where they are immediately assisted by a team of doctors from the local health centers and the INMP (Istituto Nazionale per la promozione della salute delle popolazioni Migranti ed il contrasto delle malattie della Povertà – National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty). Afterwards, migrants are transferred to the CPSA, while those who are found to be too sick are transferred to the hospital or, in particularly serious cases, brought by helicopter to bigger hospitals in Sicily. Moreover, migrants generally receive a first medical check on board of the ship that rescued them. Arrivals are regular and in very high numbers: in 2014, 15.000 migrants arrived in Lampedusa, while by September 2015 already 18.000 people had arrived. The accommodation Center has a limited reception capacity up to around 400 persons. In order to avoid excessive overcrowding, every day about 200 to 250 migrants are brought by boat to the Sicilian harbor of Porto Empedocle, close to Catania. The mayor explained that, during the Italian Navy operation Mare Nostrum, around 5 navy vessels constantly patrolled the waters around Lampedusa. After the end of the operation, the situation remained under control. The mayor explained that, upon arrival, migrants are immediately identified by taking their pictures and names, and they are interviewed in order to understand their origin. However, as regards fingerprinting, she reported that often migrants are reluctant to cooperate and some even harm themselves, for instance by burning their own fingertips or scratching them on the concrete, in order to prevent effective fingerprinting. She further explained that Lampedusa would soon become the seat of one of the new EU hotspots. It emerged that the division of tasks between national authorities and the hotspots needs to be further clarified. As regards the reception of unaccompanied children, the mayor explained that they are initially accommodated in the CPSA, until the Tribunal for Minors allocates the guardianship over them to care centers for children. This process however can take several days, also due to the fact that many care centers are overcrowded; yet, the law does not foresee the possibility for foster families to accommodate such children for short periods of time, immediately upon arrival. The mayor also confirmed that, on the morning of the 18th, a disembarkation operation would take place, given that the Phoenix vessel had rescued over 250 migrants and had been instructed by the International Coordination Center (ICC) to disembark them in Lampedusa. She told the delegation that she usually personally oversees the disembarkation operation. 3. Meeting with UNHCR, IOM, Save the children and local NGOs On the morning of the 18th, Members of the delegation went to the dedicated pier where migrants are disembarked. At that occasion, meetings were held with the law enforcement authorities present, guardia di finanza (custom police), as well as the coast guards, and with several organisations and a representative of the Italian Ministry of the Interior. Staff from UNHCR explained that their role during disembarkation operations and in the CPSA is to inform migrants of their right to seek international protection and to monitor the fundamental rights situation. Their staff in Lampedusa consists of legal officers and cultural mediators, but UNHCR is present in several ports in Southern 2 Italy with different staff compositions. They explained that migrants who arrive in Lampedusa are immediately identified and registered, and then transferred to Sicily. Their transfer on shore is done by the coastguard, using motor boats. Once they arrive, UNHCR provides them with basic information about their right to seek asylum; however, applications are not made in Lampedusa, but only once they have been transferred to Sicily. Staff from Save the Children confirmed their presence in Lampedusa since 2008. They assist migrant children (be they accompanied or unaccompanied) by giving them legal information on their rights and assessing and meeting their primary needs. They also act to ensure that the minors’ right to express their views is respected and that such views are duly taken into account. According to Save the children’s representatives, most minors express the wish to seek international protection in a different State than Italy, and tend not to believe that they could do this legally: they are therefore willing to take the risk of travelling alone to their State of destination, instead of waiting for a lawful transfer. Children want to move quickly onwards, usually to Northern Europe while decisions on these matters can take from 3 up to 8 months or even longer. An additional problem is that of guardianship: since guardians have to be appointed by the Tribunal, which is often overburdened, decisions are rarely swiftly delivered. Moreover, minors who qualify as unaccompanied are often travelling with an adult, to whom they were entrusted by their parents: such adult has no legal right of guardianship over the child, and even if the child could be legally transferred to another Member State, the adult could not follow him/her. Children therefore might prefer to remain with the adult who accompanied them, even if it means that they cannot wait for a lawful transfer. Staff from IOM explained that IOM is present in Lampedusa since 2006 and works mainly on a project to identify and assist trafficked women. IOM is working on a project aiming at women’s empowerment and at providing proper information of their rights to women who are potential trafficking victims, and in particular about the possibility of obtaining a special, temporary residence permit for protection under article 18 of the Italian Immigration Law. The permit allows them to stay legally in Italy and receive social assistance. Trafficking victims are often Nigerian women, who travel in small groups of 3 or 4, under the control of another migrant who is tasked with bringing them to their exploiter. The role of IOM is to try to obtain the women’s trust, explaining them that they can request and obtain protection. Since trafficked women are often afraid of authorities, building trust is a process that takes time, also due to the fact that Nigerian women often believe to have been subjected to black magic and that, if they tell their stories, their families will be targeted. Trust is essential to obtain information about the criminal traffickers in order to break down their network. The main practical problem that IOM faces in its task is that shelters for trafficking victims are often full, and women might need to wait several weeks before they can be admitted into a safe shelter. No provisional shelters to accommodate them immediately are provided, while they are in dire need of being immediately separated from the group, to protect them from the trafficker’s influence and pressure. EASO personnel was also supervising the disembarkation. They told the delegation that four of them were deployed in Lampedusa as observers in order to prepare for the establishment of the EU hotspot. The delegation also met with the local NGO, Forum 3 Lampedusa Solidale, a citizens’ group, who act to make the migrants feel treated humanely and distributes coffee, tea, water and cookies to migrants upon arrival. 4. The disembarkation operation on the pier The delegation witnessed a disembarkation operation of over 250 migrants who had been brought towards Lampedusa by the Phoenix vessel of MOAS and who were transferred to the coast-guard motorboats to be brought on shore. The majority of migrants on the first two boats seemed to be young men from sub Saharan Africa. The coast guards told the delegation that there are 4 of those boats specialised in disembarkation co-funded by the European Union (External Borders Fund).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Building Walls: Fear and Securitization in the European Union
    CENTRE DELÀS REPORT 35 Fear and securitization in the European Union Authors: Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto · Pere Brunet Published by: Centre Delàs d’Estudis per la Pau Carrer Erasme de Janer 8, entresol, despatx 9 08001 Barcelona T. 93 441 19 47 www.centredelas.org [email protected] This research is part of Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto’s doctoral thesis for the “Peace, Conflict and Development” programme at Jaume I University. Researchers: Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto, Pere Brunet Acknowledgements: Guillem Mases, Edgar Vega, Julia Mestres, Teresa de Fortuny, Cinta Bolet, Gabriela Serra, Brian Rusell, Niamh Eastwood, Mark Akkerman. Translator: María José Oliva Parada Editors: Jordi Calvo Rufanges, Nick Buxton Barcelona, September 2018 Design and layout: Esteva&Estêvão Cover photo: Stockvault; p. 11: Ashley Gilbertson/VII/Redux; p. 5: blublu.org p. 9: www.iamawake.co; p. 21: Georgi Licovski/EPA D.L.: B-19744-2010 ISSN: 2013-8032 INDEX Executive summary . 5 Foreword . 9 1 . Building walls . 12 1.1 New security policies in the border area.........................12 1.2 European border policy: towards securitization and militarisation...............................................13 1.3 The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex).........14 2 . Mental walls . 16. 2.1 Concept and practice of fortress europe.........................16 2.2 Mental walls in Europe: the rise of racism and xenophobia ......17 3 . Physical walls . 23 3.1 Walls surrounding Europe ..................................... 23 3.2 Land walls .....................................................25 3.3 Maritime walls ................................................ 30 4 . Virtual walls . 34 4.1 Virtual walls and surveillance systems ........................ 34 4.2 Systems for the control and storage of data on movements across borders................................. 34 4.3 Surveillance system for border areas: EUROSUR...............
    [Show full text]
  • Porisa Libya Smugglers
    Smuggling Networks in Libya Nancy Porsia, Freelance journalist, March 2015 Introduction This report is based on my work as freelance journalist in Libya since 2013, during which I have often focused on the phenomena of migration across the sea and smuggling networks, and conducted extensive interviews with all actors involved – migrants, smugglers, state officials and militias. In the central Mediterranean region, Libya is one of the main transit routes for migrants; here the phenomenon acquires significant proportions since 2002 with the transit of migrants from the Horn of Africa. Since then the number of migrants flowing into Libya has gradually increased. However the previous regime used to play ‘border diplomacy’ leveraging the threat perceived by European states in relation to migration in order to bargain its power in the international arena. In this political frame the numbers of migrants in transit through Libya and heading to Europe were under control. Only in 2008 the migrants’ flow reached the peak with 37,000 migrants registered on the Italian shores. In the same year the Treaty of Friendship between Italy and Libya marked a turning point over the relations of the two countries and in 2009 the regime launched a crackdown on the smuggling business in Libya: all the factories of wooden boats along the Libyan coast were shutdown and big number of smugglers were arrested. In 2010 the number of arrivals in Italy dropped to 4400, a decrease of almost 90% in just two years. The departures massively resumed only after the outbreak of the Revolution in 2011, when the smugglers were released and pushed by the regime to cram migrants into boats and send them to Europe, as revenge on European countries support to the revolutionaries on the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • BEYOND the MIGRATION and ASYLUM CRISIS: Why, What Now, What Next Paper Drafted for the Aspen Initiative for Europe Ferruccio Pastore
    BEYOND THE MIGRATION AND ASYLUM CRISIS: Why, what now, what next Paper drafted for the Aspen Initiative for Europe Ferruccio Pastore 2016 ‐ 2017 Beyond the European Migration and Asylum Crisis Why, what now, what next? Ferruccio Pastore (Forum of International and European Research on Immigration – FIERI, Turin, Italy)1 Final draft, 17 October 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 1. Putting the European Migration and Asylum Crisis in context 1.1 Schengen‐Dublin (1985‐1990): The regulatory roots of the current crisis 1.2 Expansion and crisis of the Schengen‐Dublin regime 1.3 “Burden sharing”: The negative framing of migration and the political roots of the current crisis 1.4 Competing narratives: The role of demographic and economic arguments 2. Key drivers of the policy responses to the crisis 2.1 The constant tension between national and European policy responses 2.2 Implementing the solidarity principle through physical redistribution of asylum seekers and refugees: Relocation and resettlement 2.3 Reinforcing joint activities at common external borders, from Triton to NATO 2.4 Externalising control and protection: The Western Balkans and Turkey 2.5 “Tackling root causes”: The evolving EUMigration & Development agenda 3. Structural limitations in the EU’s response and possible strategic adjustments 3.1 Three structural limitations of an essentially political nature 3.2 A large‐scale investment strategy is needed to support radical policy change 3.3 Open dilemmas on possible sources of funding 3.4 Concluding thoughts: how to bridge the short and long term 1 The author wishes to thank Marta Dassù and Roberto Menotti for their valuable comments on earlier versions.
    [Show full text]
  • Search and Rescue, Disembarkation and Relocation Arrangements in the Mediterranean Sailing Away from Responsibility? Sergio Carrera and Roberto Cortinovis No
    Search and rescue, disembarkation and relocation arrangements in the Mediterranean Sailing Away from Responsibility? Sergio Carrera and Roberto Cortinovis No. 2019-10, June 2019 Abstract Search and Rescue (SAR) and disembarkation of persons in distress at sea in the Mediterranean continue to fuel divisions among EU member states. The ‘closed ports’ policy declared by the Italian Ministry of Interior in June 2018, and the ensuing refusal to let NGO ships conducting SAR operations enter Italian ports, has resulted in unresolved diplomatic rows between some European governments and EU institutions, and grave violations of the human rights of people attempting to cross the Mediterranean. This paper examines how current political controversies surrounding SAR and disembarkation in the Mediterranean unfold in a policy context characterised by a ‘contained mobility’ paradigm that has materialised in the increasing penalisation of humanitarian SAR NGOs, a strategic and gradual operational disengagement from SAR activities by the EU and its member states, and the delegation of containment tasks to the Libyan coast guard (so-called ‘pullbacks’), a development that has been indirectly supported by EU institutions. These policies have contributed to substantially widen the gap in SAR capabilities in the Central Mediterranean. This research has been conducted under the ReSOMA project. ReSOMA receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement 770730. The opinions expressed in this paper are attributable solely to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated, nor can they be taken in any way to reflect the views of the European Commission'.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontex E Le Operazioni Congiunte Nel Mediterraneo: Da Mare Nostrum a Triton
    DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE POLITICHE CATTEDRA DI DIRITTO DELL’UNIONE EUROPEA FRONTEX E LE OPERAZIONI CONGIUNTE NEL MEDITERRANEO: DA MARE NOSTRUM A TRITON RELATORE CANDIDATO Prof. Francesco Cherubini Giovanni Crescenzi Matr. 072852 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2015/2016 Ai miei genitori L’umanità che mostreremo nell’accogliere i profughi disperati, l’intelligenza con cui affronteremo i fenomeni migratori, la fermezza con cui combatteremo i trafficanti di essere umani saranno il modo con il quale mostreremo al mondo la qualità della vita democratica. (Sergio Mattarella) 2 Indice INTRODUZIONE 4 CAPITOLO 1: FRONTEX 6 1.1 L’ACQUIS DI SCHENGEN SULLE EXTERNAL BORDERS 6 1.2 GOVERNANCE 11 1.2.1 DIRETTORE ESECUTIVO 12 1.2.2 CONSIGLIO DI AMMINISTRAZIONE 12 1.3 RICERCA E SVILUPPO 14 1.4 ANALISI DEL RISCHIO 15 1.5 COMPITI E MODALITÀ OPERATIVE 15 1.6 RESPONSABILITÀ IMPUTABILI ALL’AGENZIA 17 1.7 MANCANZE E CARENZE DI FRONTEX 18 1.8 CONCLUSIONI 22 CAPITOLO 2: OPERAZIONI CONGIUNTE 24 2.1 COSA SONO 24 2.2 GENESI DI UNA OPERAZIONE CONGIUNTA 25 2.3 FONDAMENTO GIURIDICO DELLE OPERAZIONI CONGIUNTE 26 2.4 OPERAZIONI CONGIUNTE DI RIMPATRIO 28 2.5 OPERAZIONI CONDOTTE NEL MEDITERRANEO 29 2.5.1 OPERAZIONE “AGIOS” 30 2.5.2 OPERAZIONE “GATE OF AFRICA” 31 2.5.3 OPERAZIONE “HERA” 32 2.5.4 OPERAZIONE “NAUTILUS” 34 2.5.5 OPERAZIONE “MINERVA” 36 2.5.6 OPERAZIONE “INDALO” 37 2.5.7 OPERAZIONE “POSEIDON” 37 2.5.8 OPERAZIONE “HERMES” 38 2.5.9 OPERAZIONE “AENEAS” 39 2.6 CONCLUSIONI 40 CAPITOLO 3: DA MARE NOSTRUM A TRITON 41 3.1 ANALISI MARE NOSTRUM 41 3.1.1 GENESI 42 3.1.2 OBIETTIVI E RISULTATI 43 3.2 OPERAZIONE TRITON 46 3.2.1 DA FRONTEX PLUS A TRITON 46 3.3 CONCLUSIONI 47 CONCLUSIONI 49 BIBLIOGRAFIA 52 ABSTRACT 55 3 Introduzione Spesso, nel corso degli anni, sentivo nominare ai telegiornali il nome Frontex e cercavo di capire con la curiosità di un adolescente, cosa fosse veramente e quali compiti svolgesse.
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenge of Illegal Immigration in the Mediterranean
    POLICYPOLICY PAPERPAPER European issues n°352 The Challenge of Illegal th 14 April 2015 Immigration in the Mediterranean Jean-Dominique GIULIANI Abstract : The issue of migration is causing turmoil in the domestic policies of the European Union’s Member States. Protest movements have taken hold of it, challenging both government action and the European institutions. Simplistic ideas are flourishing, criticising the Schengen Agreements, the inefficacy of national and European policies. Reality however is very different: Europe is facing a significant challenge that it will only be able to overcome with time. It requires constant effort, courage, imagination and certainly the reject of slogans. This paper to necessary thought is an updated version of a study that was published in December 2014 in the review “Etudes marines” from the CESM [1]. The number of displaced persons in the world is constantly safe our maritime routes of access. A more effective policy rising [2]. Violence and conflict are the leading causes is required. of this. Europe, which is neighbour to many war zones takes in more than 1.5 million legal migrants [3] yearly ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION – FROM LAND TO SEA but in the third quarter of 2014 there were 128,725 illegal immigrants on its territory. [4] The number of asylum Whilst the land borders have been the privileged location seekers could surge to 700,000 (+28%). The number of for illegal immigration since the 2000’s, notably regarding illegal entries into Europe could rise beyond the 276,113 in the border countries like Hungary, Bulgaria Greece and 2014 [5] (60,000 of whom via the sea).
    [Show full text]
  • Mare Nostrum: Italy and the Mediterranean of Ancient Rome in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
    fascism 8 (2019) 250-274 brill.com/fasc Mare Nostrum: Italy and the Mediterranean of Ancient Rome in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries Samuel Agbamu King’s College London [email protected] Abstract The Mediterranean has occupied a prominent role in the political imaginary of Italian Fascisms, past and present. In the 1920s to the early 1940s, Fascist Italy’s imperial proj- ect used the concept of mare nostrum – our sea – taken from the vocabulary of Roman antiquity, to anchor modern Italian imperialism within the authority of the classical past. In the postwar years, following decolonization in Africa, mare nostrum receded from popular discourse, previous claims to the Mediterranean suppressed. However, in the context of the so-called refugee crisis, Italy resurrected mare nostrum, in the nam- ing of its military-humanitarian operation, a move rejected by the contemporary Ital- ian far right. This article argues that configurations of the Mediterranean of ancient Rome have served to yoke Africa to Italy when articulated into a Fascist, imperial ideol- ogy, as well as to reify the boundaries between Europe and the non-European other, in the xenophobic discourse of the contemporary Italian far right. Keywords Fascism – Italy – Libya – imperialism – romanità – migration – Mediterranean – mare nostrum The Mediterranean is by far the deadliest region for migration in the world, and the central Mediterranean, the area between Libya and Italy, has seen the highest number of migrant casualties when compared with other parts of the © samuel agbamu, 2019 | doi:10.1163/22116257-00802001 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc license at the time of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Avion Tourism Magazine
    tourism AIRPORT MAGAZINE Complimentary copy by Milan-Bergamo Airport 54 2015 MarzoMarch MaggioMay - N. 54 MYKONOS PAN tELLERIA t OKYO Isola greca cosmopolita Suggestiva isola lavica La metropoli senza piazze POSTE ITALIANE SPA - Spedizione in A.P. - D.L. 353/2003 (conv. in L. 27/02/2004 n. 46) art. 1, comma 1, DCB Bergamo Marzo - Maggio Anno 13 in L. 27/02/2004 n. 46) art. 1, comma DCB Bergamo - D.L. 353/2003 (conv. - Spedizione in A.P. SPA POSTE ITALIANE Cosmopolitan island of Greece A spectacular volcanic island A city without squares 54 2015 MarzoMarch MaggioMay Ee ditorialeeditorial EditorE Publisher: sisterscom.com snc Via Piave, 102 - 23879 Verderio inferiore (lc) - italy Durante la primavera e l’estate il clima caldo e secco del Mediterraneo è l’ideale per trascorrere Tel. +39 039 8951335 - Tel. +39 035 19951510 - Fax +39 039 9121116 P.i. 03248170163 - www.sisterscom.com piacevoli vacanze al mare, ad esempio in una delle sue tante piccole e grandi incantevoli isole circondate da limpide acque turchesi. dirEttorE rEsponsabilE ediTor in ChieF Angela Trivigno - [email protected] Come Mykonos, l’isola trendy dell’arcipelago delle Cicladi, affascinante, con spiagge stupende, MarkEting E pubblicità MArkeTing & AdVerTising mare azzurro trasparente e intensa vita notturna. O santorini dall’aspetto del tutto singolare, con Annalisa Trivigno - [email protected] i forti contrasti del nero lavico delle rocce e il candore delle costruzioni di piccole case unifamiliari: RedazionE E ufficio staMpa ediToriAl Staff & Press OffiCe un’isola dal fascino romantico e dagli strabilianti colori. Oppure skiàthos, dove in ogni luogo aleggia [email protected]; [email protected] il profumo del mirto e si respira l’aria balsamica delle vaste pinete, che ne fanno un vero paradiso progEtto grafico E iMpaginazionE naturalistico, con ampie aree protette a ridosso delle spiagge.
    [Show full text]
  • Mare Nostrum Mission?
    EXAMINERS’ COPIES What Explains the Change of Policy reflected in the Italian Mare Nostrum Mission? Thesis Paper submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Coursework in Refugee and Forced Migration Studies at the University of Oxford by 1008567 Word Count: 14,754 Refugee Studies Centre Oxford Department of International Development University of Oxford Table of contents Acronyms Introduction 1 Theory 2 Methodology 3 Chapter 1 Two-Level Game 5 Mare Nostrum as a two-level game 5 Conclusion 12 Chapter 2 Mare Nostrum 13 When Mare Nostrum started 14 Where Mare Nostrum was operative 16 Mare Nostrum’s mandate 17 Structure 18 Funding 19 Conclusion 21 Chapter 3 International Level 22 Italy and Libya 22 The ‘Treaty of Friendship’ (2008) 23 After Gaddafi's death 23 The ruling Hirsi Jamaa and Others v. Italy 24 Conclusion 26 Chapter 4 National Level 27 Breaking the status quo 27 Letta and Pope Francis 29 Conclusion 32 Chapter 5: Europeanisation 34 The Europeanisation of Mare Nostrum 34 The European Parliament and Council in October 2013 35 The (new) perspective of the Italian presidency of the European Council 39 Conclusion 40 FINAL CONCLUSIONS 41 Acronyms ANSA Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata ANCI Associazione Nazionale Comuni Italiani CIR Comitato Italiano Rifugiati CISOM Corpo Italiano di Soccorso dell’ Ordine di Malta INPS Instituto Nazionale Prevenienza Sociale M5S MoVimento 5 Stelle NCD Nuovo Centro Destra PD Partito Democratico PDL Il Popolo della Liberta SPRAR Sistema di Protezine Richiedenti Asilo e Rifugiati UNAR Ufficio nazionale Antidisriminazioni Razziali UDC Unione di Centro UFTDU Unione Forense per la Tutela dei Diritti Umani Introduction What explains the change of policy reflected in the Italian Mare Nostrum mission? The purpose of this research is to explore the reasons for the launch of Mare Nostrum, a mission that marked a significant change in how Italy dealt with irregular migration in the Mediterranena.
    [Show full text]
  • Safetaxi Full Coverage List – 21S5 Cycle
    SafeTaxi Full Coverage List – 21S5 Cycle Australia Australian Capital Territory Identifier Airport Name City Territory YSCB Canberra Airport Canberra ACT Oceanic Territories Identifier Airport Name City Territory YPCC Cocos (Keeling) Islands Intl Airport West Island, Cocos Island AUS YPXM Christmas Island Airport Christmas Island AUS YSNF Norfolk Island Airport Norfolk Island AUS New South Wales Identifier Airport Name City Territory YARM Armidale Airport Armidale NSW YBHI Broken Hill Airport Broken Hill NSW YBKE Bourke Airport Bourke NSW YBNA Ballina / Byron Gateway Airport Ballina NSW YBRW Brewarrina Airport Brewarrina NSW YBTH Bathurst Airport Bathurst NSW YCBA Cobar Airport Cobar NSW YCBB Coonabarabran Airport Coonabarabran NSW YCDO Condobolin Airport Condobolin NSW YCFS Coffs Harbour Airport Coffs Harbour NSW YCNM Coonamble Airport Coonamble NSW YCOM Cooma - Snowy Mountains Airport Cooma NSW YCOR Corowa Airport Corowa NSW YCTM Cootamundra Airport Cootamundra NSW YCWR Cowra Airport Cowra NSW YDLQ Deniliquin Airport Deniliquin NSW YFBS Forbes Airport Forbes NSW YGFN Grafton Airport Grafton NSW YGLB Goulburn Airport Goulburn NSW YGLI Glen Innes Airport Glen Innes NSW YGTH Griffith Airport Griffith NSW YHAY Hay Airport Hay NSW YIVL Inverell Airport Inverell NSW YIVO Ivanhoe Aerodrome Ivanhoe NSW YKMP Kempsey Airport Kempsey NSW YLHI Lord Howe Island Airport Lord Howe Island NSW YLIS Lismore Regional Airport Lismore NSW YLRD Lightning Ridge Airport Lightning Ridge NSW YMAY Albury Airport Albury NSW YMDG Mudgee Airport Mudgee NSW YMER
    [Show full text]
  • Lifting the Lid on Italy's Bluefin Tuna Fishery
    Lifting the lid on Italy’s bluefin tuna fishery Assessment of compliance of Italy’s fishing fleets and farms with management rules during the 2008 bluefin tuna fishing season in the Mediterranean Report published by WWF Mediterranean & WWF Italy, October 2008 Summary This WWF-commissioned report, researched and compiled by independent consultancy ATRT, contains the first in-depth analysis of the role of Italy in the bluefin tuna fishery in the Mediterranean. Its findings confirm the widely held view that Italy is among the main culprits in the region for overfishing and violation of the fishery’s management rules. In April 2008 WWF released a report quantifying for the first time the fishing overcapacity of industrial fleets targeting the stock in the Mediterranean1. That study identified Italy as the leader in overcapacity among EU member states, with an estimated catch capacity for the industrial purse seine fleet twice the national quota allocated to it. The study pointed to the likely underreporting of real catches in the last years, coupled with a systematic violation of international management rules and the overshoot of national quotas. To ascertain the performance of the Italian bluefin tuna fishing industry during the crucial 2008 fishing season, the authors of this report have combined a thorough analysis of trade information with extensive field work. The latter has included the monitoring of Italy’s fleet at sea in real time, as well as the field analysis (through aerial surveys) of bluefin tuna biomass caged in every farm based in Italy, Croatia and Malta. This colossal undertaking has generated the most comprehensive picture yet of the role played by Italian interests in the Mediterranean bluefin tuna fishery, including the extent of compliance (or lack thereof) with international management rules agreed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT, the body tasked with sustainably managing the fishery) and the EU.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Union and Nato Maritime Security Cooperation in the Mediterranean
    KADIR HAS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DISCIPLINE AREA THE EUROPEAN UNION AND NATO MARITIME SECURITY COOPERATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SELEN BALDIRAN SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. SINEM AKGUL ACIKMESE MASTER’S THESIS ISTANBUL, JUNE, 2020 THE EUROPEAN UNION AND NATO MARITIME SECURITY COOPERATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SELEN BALDIRAN SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. SINEM AKGUL ACIKMESE MASTER’S THESIS Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Kadir Has University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s Discipline Area of Social Sciences and Humanities under the Program of International Relations ISTANBUL, JUNE, 2020 i I, SELEN BALDIRAN; Hereby declare that this Master’s Thesis is my own original work and that due references have been appropriately provided on all supporting literature and resources. SELEN BALDIRAN __________________________ DATE AND SIGNATURE ii ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL This work entitled THE EUROPEAN UNION AND NATO MARITIME SECURITY COOPERATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN prepared by SELEN BALDIRAN has been judged to be successful at the defense exam held on JUNE 30, 2020 and accepted by our jury as MASTER’S THESIS. PROF. DR. SINEM AKGUL ACIKMESE (Advisor) Kadir Has University PROF. DR. SERHAT GUVENC Kadir Has University PROF. DR. MUNEVVER CEBECI Marmara University I certify that the above signatures belong to the faculty members named above. SIGNATURE PROF. DR. SINEM AKGUL ACIKMESE Dean School of Graduate Studies DATE OF APPROVAL: iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………vi ÖZET…………………………………………………………………………………..vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………..viii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………ix INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………...1 1. MARITIME SECURITY……………………………………………………………9 1.1. The Evolution of Maritime Security as a Concept ………...…………………….10 1.2.
    [Show full text]