Volume 7, Issue 1 cfwep.org A Publication of the Clark Fork Watershed Education Program July, 2019

AnacondaAnaconda Remediation and Mount Haggin Waste Voices from the Watershed: Restoration Update Management Area Anaconda Students Page 5 Page 10 Page 12

AnacondaThis is part two in our watershed series. For the Headwaters Edition Edition see cfwep.org/montana-steward

A view of Mount Haggin and Anaconda from Stucky Ridge. Photo by Kayla Lappin. Ask Dr. A: What is the Origin of the Town of Anaconda Dr. Arlene Alvarado

Located in southwest Montana in Deer Lodge the “copper kings,” founded the town for his soldier of the Civil War, was inspired by Valley at the foot of the Anaconda Range employees to work at the Washoe Smelter, Horace Greeley, who said, “go west, young (locally known as the Pintler’s), Anaconda is refining the copper ore extracted from man.” And westward Hickey headed, a small town, spanning just 737 square miles. Daly’s Anaconda Mine in Butte. In the mid- bringing with him another Greeley quote Presently, she is home to about 9,100 residents, 1890’s, Daly unsuccessfully campaigned to concerning the Civil War. Greely stated that a large town by Montana standards. Anaconda have Anaconda designated as Montana’s Union armies would “encircle Lee’s forces is rich in history, culture and personality, and state capital, losing out to William A. Clark, and crush them like a giant anaconda.” The is surrounded by beautiful natural areas like another copper king, who pushed to keep image of this awesome snake stayed with Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area Helena as the state capital. Hickey as he traveled west to Butte. When and the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness area. he was buying mine claims in 1875, Hickey The origin of the name of Anaconda is named one of his mines, the Anaconda The town of Anaconda was founded by Marcus credited to Michael Hickey who is thought Mine. Daly in 1883, making her 136 years old this to have influenced Daly to name the town, year. Marcus Daly, infamously known as one of Anaconda. Hickey, a young veteran Union Continued on Back (Pg. 16) Page 2 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition Page 3

The Director’s Letter Businesses Working on Anaconda Superfund This publication’s content is the result of collaborative efforts Sister City of Anaconda These folks are working tirelessly on our Superfund sites across the Upper Clark Fork River Basin. Bringing diverse skills and talents, they are all between many passionate and dedicated individuals. Each contributing their time and effort to a healthier environment. We want to give them recognition and say THANK YOU for all of your hard work in member of the CFWEP staff team contributed time and effort to Rayelynn Brandl helping to make our communities better. bring this publication to life. We’d like to extend special thanks The rivalry between Butte and to Charlie Coleman, Greg Mullan, and Pedro Marques. Anaconda runs deep. Perhaps our AECOM Colbert Electric Land Design, Inc. (LDI) Pioneer Technical Services, Inc. rivalry has been rooted in family and is good-natured overall. Agency for Toxic Substances and Copper Environmental Land Restoration Specialists (LRS) Poore, Roth & Robinson, P.C. CFWEP Staff Publication Editors Disease Registry (ATSDR) Everyone knows that the rule of Davis Graham & Stubs (DG & S) Marcom Lab RWH Engineering thumb is, ‘I can pick on my cousin, Rayleynn Brandl Arlene Alvarado Anaconda – Deer Lodge County but once someone else tries, we Director Energy Lab Montana Bureau of Mines and Schroeder Contracting Inc. are all in this together.’ This rule Rayelynn Brandl Arcadis Geology (MBMG) is pretty much how things have Dr. Arlene Alvarado Environmental Protection Agency TeleTech Kayla Lappin been through our storied history Education Coordinator Arrowhead Foundation (EPA) Montana Department of together. Butte and Anaconda are Environmental Quality (DEQ) TREC, Inc. Tammy Gordon rivals until another city or town Ashe Analytics Fairweather IT Budget Analyst UTRS wants to take one of us on, then we are one. Design & Layout Montana Department of Public Atlantic Richfield Company Formation Environmental Health and Human Services Chris Doyle Wasley Excavating Throughout our history, Butte shipped its ore to be refined and smelted Kayla Lappin (ARCO) (MDPHHS) Program Coordinator GoBird Montana in Anaconda beginning in the late 1880’s until 1980 when Atlantic Water and Environmental Big Sky Reclamation Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks Richfield Company closed the Washoe Reduction Works. Many old-time Granite Mountain Electric Technologies (WET) Dalit Guscio (FWP) miners reflect on the fact that much of the Berkeley Pit now resides as Missoula Program Manager Booth Consulting Published July, 2019 Hunter Brothers Construction Weltner Communications slag in Anaconda. Butte is left with a hole in the ground and Anaconda Montana Technological University Butte-Silver Bow Residential is left with a pile of waste. Sister cities indeed, both in history and in our Kayla Lappin Anaconda, Montana, USA (Montana Tech) present-day challenges. Communication & Events Metals Abatement Program Industrial Automation Consulting, Inc. Coordinator (RMAP) Natural Resource Damage Within the Clark Fork Superfund Complex, the Anaconda sites are some Program (NRDP) of the most challenging to address. The sheer volume of wastes that Canyon Creek Nursery Intermountain Construction Services (ICS) have been left in place within the city boundaries, the proximity of the O’Keefe Drilling Company CDM Smith wastes to homes and water supplies, and the extensive acreages that were Jordan Contracting Pace Analytical damaged in the uplands by nearly a century of smelter smoke ensure long Citizens Environmental nights for the engineers who are designing solutions. As agencies and Committee of Butte (CTEC) Kel’s Sprinklers local scientists work to develop the best plan for Anaconda, so too have Pathfinder Utility Locating her citizens rallied to find effective solutions for clean-up and economic development. Anaconda’s Local Development and Superfund is a Winning Combination In this issue, we highlight the hopes that the citizens of Anaconda have for their community. We illuminate some of the beautiful history of the Kayla Lappin & Rayelynn Brandl city that Marcus Daly wanted to name Copperopolis. We attempt to The people of the Clark Fork related to economic development educate and inform all of us about the complex issues that Anaconda Watershed have long endured that we never really saw Superfund faces, the solutions proposed, and current projects underway for economic the fallout from one of the as separate from local development. development. Butte and Anaconda have much to learn from one another most significant copper mining When Arrowhead was formed, we and can certainly help each other create a positive future. operations in the United States, worked closely with ALDC,” Jim and Anaconda, Montana is recalled to us. This gave Anaconda a no exception to this economic unique advantage. They have been downturn. Yet, despite losing much able to effectively communicate of its population (at its peak was and leverage Superfund using a CFWEP Program Updates 12,500, and is now roughly 9,100), business-minded focus. Davison Chris Doyle Anaconda remains an economic was instrumental in developing the stronghold in southwest Montana. partnership between ALDC and The programs and outreach events This year, we finished the last round and students in this program. conference, participants learned CFWEP met with former Anaconda the Arrowhead Foundation. that CFWEP delivers are geared of classroom visits for the Bringing Hopefully, this work can continue about topics around the theme, Local Development Corporation towards learning more about Research into the Classroom in the future to help teachers Community Engagement through (ALDC) Director, Jim Davison and One of the major successes of science, our local environments, (BRIC) program. This project was and students with more in-depth Citizen Science and Creating current Director, Adam Vauthier, economic development in Deer and the restoration that is taking a four-year teacher professional research opportunities. Stewards. to discuss some of the reasons why Lodge county was NorthWestern place, all to ensure a better future development and student outreach Anaconda continues to perform Energy’s Dave Gates Generating CFWEP recently completed CFWEP recently finished up the for generations to come. It is our program funded by a National well in economic development, Station, which has increased tax the spring semester Trout in the largest Cleanup Blacktail Stream responsibility to teach and provide Institute of Health (NIH-NIGMS) despite its Superfund status and revenue for Deer Lodge County Classroom (TIC) program and the Day (CUBS) in its history. We had opportunities for everyone to learn Science Education Partnership ongoing population recovery. significantly. Another victory about watershed science and the Award (SEPA). CFWEP partnered Restoration Education Program 391 students out with us from a for Deer Lodge County is the importance of stewardship in our with Dr. Marisa Pedulla from the (REP). Through the TIC program, number of local schools in Butte, One thing that stood out to us in development of new facilities own backyards. In 2018-2019, our Montana Tech Biology Department students learn about westlope as well as many volunteers from the terms of economic success is the by AWARE and CCCS. These programs reached students in the to lead students though a cutthroat trout and their riaparian community. In the three hours of fact that ALDC and Anaconda’s endeavors are unique in the realm Clark Fork Watershed communities bacteriophage research project in habitat. This program mostly serves the cleanup, the students collected Arrowhead Foundation work so of Superfund because they go and throughout the state. their classroom. local elementary and Blackfoot over 300 bags of trash from the closely together. The Arrowhead beyond protecting human health River area schools. This year we streams and floodplain areas. Foundation is the bridge between and the environment, and dive into In the 2018-2019 school year, we Throughout the four years of this reached over 400 students wtih TIC. We hope this annual event keeps Superfund and the Anaconda the economic territory of the losses reached 8,000 students ranging program, the CFWEP staff and Dr. The spring REP program visited growing into the future. community. They receive a surrounding Superfund. from kindergarten to high school, Pedulla reached over 8,000 students over 700 students in Butte Central Technical Assistance Grant (TAG) Volunteers are needed in the and had over 16,000 contact with over 20,000 hours of contact. Elementary School, Phillipsburg, from the Environmental Protection ALDC’s current director, Adam upcoming months for various hours with them. Over 40 teachers The project staff traveled well Deer Lodge, Anaconda, and Agency (EPA) to interpret Vauthier, will continue the legacy programs including the annual kids throughout the state either had over 45,000 miles within the state Ramsay. REP engages students in information for the public, but one of synergy between Superfund and A view of the Old Works Golf Course and Anaconda from Stucky Ridge. Fly Fishing and Conservation Camp CFWEP in their classroom or boarders to cover all the teachers the History of Mining, mining of their other focuses is on economic economic development. “Anaconda Photo by Kayla Lappin. in August, and the Restoration attended a training or tour. Some damages, and the restoration of redevelopment and site reuse. Most is on the cusp of great things, Education Program in September. of the programs that were offered Silver Bow Creek and the Upper notably the Arrowhead Foundation and I am hoping to steward the If you would like to join us as a in were the Restoration Education Clark Fork River. played a major role in establishing relationship between Superfund Over volunteer or learn more about how Program, Bringing Research into the the Old Works Golf Course and the and the economy to see Anaconda In March, CFWEP hosted the you can support CFWEP and the Classroom, Trout in the Classroom, Anaconda Trail system. closer to its peak in population Stormwater, Beaver Mimicry, Treat Montana Environmental Education work that is being done, please and vibrancy as part of Montana’s Street, Teacher Workshops, and 45,000 Association (MEEA) conference contact CFWEP at (406) 496- According to Davison, it was economy.” Tours. Miles Traveled for at Fairmont Hot Springs, 4790 or email klappin@mtech. the synergy between ALDC and bringing together approximately edu. Know where you live, make the Arrowhead Foundation that the BRIC Project 75 environmental educators it better, and enjoy the areas these brought these endeavors to light. from around Montana. At the communities have to offer. “Superfund in Anaconda is so closely Page 4 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition Page 5

Understanding Superfund Acronyms RI Anaconda Remediation and Remedial Investigation Abby Peltomaa FS Restoration Update These investigations are intended to determine the nature and extent Superfund acronyms are confusing. Often the persons involved in Feasibility Study of contamination. The RI includes sampling soils, groundwater and Abby Peltomaa Superfund sound as if they are speaking their own language. We provide Anaconda Residential this lexicon as a brief orientation to the language of Superfund. We hope Once the remedial investigation is complete, and the nature and extent streams. Often, both the responsible party and the EPA will conduct remedial investigations. The Record of Decision is based on the RI The Anaconda area has seen Soils readers will find this list useful. of contamination are understood, the EPA evaluates various remedy many remediation and restoration results and the follow-up feasibility study. The Anaconda Residential Soils options for technical, environmental, and cost effectiveness concerns. projects over the past several years. ACM The feasibility study guides the conceptual design and construction program has sampled 1,300 yards process. Typically, both the EPA and the responsible party will conduct RIFS since 2015. From 2016 to 2018, Anaconda Copper Mining Company Consent Decree (CD) feasibility studies. These studies are completed prior to the Record of Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study 700 yards were sampled. Six Decision negotiations. Negotiation crews have worked during the ARWWS OU In some literature and discussions, the remedial investigation and Currently a final CD is being summer to sample and remove Anaconda Regional Water, Waste & Soils Operable Unit NPL feasibility studies are lumped together and referred to as one study. negotiated with all parties by yard contaminants with the goal Often, the remedial investigation and feasibility studies are conducted National Priorities List the end of this calendar year of sampling and monitoring every The largest of the operable units in Anaconda at nearly 20,000 acres, it concurrently. (2019). The parties involved are yard in the area. If waste is found, has been broken into 15 sub-areas or RDUs: The National Priorities List is often interchanged with the term Anaconda-Deer Lodge County, it is removed to the fullest extent • Stucky Ridge “Superfund Sites.” The list refers to identified sites that have known ROD Environmental Protection Agency and replaced with clean dirt. Three • Lost Creek releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, and/or contaminants Record of Decision (EPA), State of Montana, and to four more years are expected on • Smelter Hill Uplands throughout the United States. As of June 3, 2019, there were 1,344 Atlantic Richfield Company this project. • Anaconda Ponds, Active active sites on the NPL, 45 proposed new sites and 396 deleted sites. This is the legal term for the public document created by the involved (ARCO). They are working to • Railroads/Blue Lagoon agencies and the PRPs. The public document explains the clean-up settle responsibility and funding for Warm Springs Creek • South Opportunity NRDP or NRD plan and outlines the remedies to be utilized. The ROD is a legally Old Works Golf Course, modify Remedial action on Warm Springs binding document that is negotiated between the agencies and the • North Opportunity Natural Resource Damage Program (NRDP) some of the existing Records of Creek included stability work, • Opportunity Ponds PRPs involved. The ROD is subject to public comment, meaning Decisions (ROD MOD), and evulsion fixes, the removal of • Fluvial Tailings This program was established in 1990 to prepare for the state’s lawsuit that citizens are allowed to comment on the proposals outlined in the to complete all of the remaining tailings and the creek put back in • Warm Springs Creek against Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO). NRDP is operated by ROD prior to finalization. The ROD can be changed based on public clean-up design documents. Partial its original stream bed. This project • Cashman Concentrate the Montana Department of Justice and includes a team of litigation feedback. deletions are proposed for the was completed last year. • Slag specialists, scientists, and engineers who manage all superfund lawsuits Flue Dust, Beryllium, and Arbiter • Old Works Groundwater that take place in the State of Montana. In the Clark Fork Watershed, RODMOD Operable Units (OU). There Dutchman Wetlands • Smelter Hill Facility NRDP currently manages the settlement dollars and restoration Record of Decision Modification or ROD Amendment will be time for public comment before formalizing the documents. In 2005, ARCO took ownership • Mt. Haggin Uplands activities through its two local councils, the Upper Clark Fork River of the Dutchman Wetlands. The Basin Advisory Council and the Butte Natural Resource Damage The Record of Decision can be modified if there are fundamental This final CD is site-wide for changes that the parties would like to implement. For example, new the Anaconda Company Smelter Dutchman is located near the Council. old Anaconda airport. This area CERCLA data and/or new technology may become available to the parties after a Superfund Site with the goal of remedial action has been agreed to. If the new data and/or technology having clean-up under unilateral was restored in direct response to Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability OU the loss of wetlands in the area Act of 1980, also known as Superfund or Superfund Law fundamentally changes the way that the remedy is handled, the parties orders and completion of the work Operable Unit can request a modification. The public is allowed a comment period by 2025. It is important to keep in due to the mining and smelting for the ROD modifications. The EPA is required to accept comment mind that ARCO is responsible for operations. Historically, tailings COC Large acreage superfund sites, such as our site, are often broken into on the proposed changes and respond to public comment prior to managing these sites forever. were placed on the wetlands Contaminants of Concern smaller management sections, or operable units. The operable units modification approval. resulting in great loss of these typically are divided by geographic constraints and/or the nature of the crucial habitats in Clark Fork Broadly defined, contaminants of concern are chemical elements or EPA Five Year Review remedial action needed. Anaconda has nine OUs. TCRA watershed. The Dutchman is the compounds that are known to cause a threat to human health, or EPA’s five year review began spring largest continuous wetlands in the animal and plant life. In the Clark Fork Watershed, the contaminants of OW/EADA Time Critical Removal Action 2019. Included in the review will Clark Fork River Basin at 3,000 be: reports from the health studies concern are arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury and zinc. Arsenic, Old Works/East Anaconda Development Area acres and is publically available. cadmium, and lead are particularly concerning for human health, while At sites where human health is in imminent risk, the EPA and the of blood-lead and urine-arsenic DEQ may order time critical removal actions, meaning that hazardous copper and zinc can affect aquatic and terrestrial life. This OU is broken into seven sub-areas or RDUs: levels; results from a vegetable California Creek substances must be removed in order to be protective of human study; school sampling studies; and California Creek has been added • The Old Works Golf Course health. Often, TCRA’s are ordered ahead of the remedial investigation, studies on the impacts to wildlife CD into the Superfund site due to • The Industrial Area feasibility study, and record of decision. Time critical removal actions and livestock. Consent Decree is the legal term for a settlement agreed to by court concern over the surface water. • Red Sands are not typically intended to be the final remedy for a site. order. In a Consent Decree, the dispute between the parties is agreed Natural Resource Damage • East Anaconda Yards Groundwater to without admission of guilt. In the case of Superfund, the companies Program (NRDP) is currently • The Drag Strip TI or owners are referred to a “potentially” responsible parties rather than Contamination implementing remedy and • The Mill Creek Addition Technical Impracticability responsible parties as there is no admission of wrong-doing. Groundwater in Anaconda is restoration in this headwater. The • Aspen Hills generally found in shallower Big Hole Watershed Committee, In Superfund, the Consent Decree negotiations are the final step for This term refers waiving standards when it is impracticable from an engineering perspective to meet a standard. A TI can be invoked where groundwater. Domestic wells that alongside many partners, have settlement. The CD defines the methods, extent of clean-up and test above the arsenic drinking done extensive work on the Mt. future monitoring. The CD is informed by the remedial investigation, PRP the cost of cleanup is exceptionally high. The remedy must still protect human health and the environment. The vast majority of TIs address water standard require reverse Haggin Wildlife Management feasibility studies, the Record of Decision, and any ROD modifications Potentially Responsible Party osmosis treatment. Reverse osmosis Area. Please see Pedro Marques’s completed prior to the CD negotiations. groundwater contamination. In Anaconda, a TI waiver was granted for the groundwater beneath the Opportunity tailings ponds. is effective at reducing arsenic and article on their work on page 10. This term is defined in CERCLA or Superfund Law as the company other metals in the water. It works DEQ or MTDEQ and/or individual owners who are potentially responsible for TMDL with pressure to push pure water For more information about past, Montana State Department of Environmental Quality contamination at a superfund site. through a membrane where it is current, and upcoming projects in Total Maximum Daily Load then collected for use while the the Anaconda area, please visit the RA Arrowhead Foundation’s website at EPA (USA) This term refers to the regulated standard for any given pollutant within contaminants are washed away anacondasuperfund.com. United States Environmental Protection Agency Risk Assessment of Risk/Health Assessment a state water body. The TMDL standards were defined in the Clean as wastewater. To date, 50 wells have been successfully treated with The EPA assesses each site for risk from contaminants. Human health Water Act. The TMDL is intended to be protective of water quality and Charlie Coleman of the EPA is also ERA meet both aquatic life and human health standards. this process. If you wish to have is the first priority for protection. An example of human health risk your well tested, please contact the available for more information at Expedited Response Action as a priority is the case of the Milltown Dam. Arsenic contamination county Superfund Program. (406) 457-5038. of personal drinking water wells in the town of Milltown from the UCFRB ERAs are meant to address initial cleanup measures without waiting to sediments behind the dam was considered priority for clean-up. The Upper Clark Fork River Basin complete the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study. removal of the dam prior to sediments being removed upstream was considered imperative due to the human health risks from arsenic UCFRB Advisory Council ESD contamination. In addition to human health concerns, most sites also The Upper Clark Fork River Basin advisory council is appointed Explanation of Significant Differences require an ecological risk assessment to understand the impacts on the by the Governor of Montana to facilitate public dialogue, promote animal and plant life in the area. public understanding, and advise the Governor on remediation and This legal term applies to the process that the EPA and PRP’s utilize restoration efforts. This volunteer citizen council is comprised of if there are significant changes to the Record of Decision. The ESD RDU members from each of the affected communities within the Clark Fork gives rationale for the changes that were made. The ESD is sent to the Watershed including Missoula, Philipsburg, Butte, Anaconda, Ovando Federal Department of Justice for review. The information and data Remedial Design Unit and a representative of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. included in the ESD are reviewed by the federal judge. The public These are sub-areas of an Operable Unit. In Anaconda, the Anaconda Government representatives from the DEQ, FWP, Natural Resources is allowed to send written comment letters to the judge regarding the Regional Water, Waste and Soils (ARWWS) Operable Unit is so large and Conservation, and the US Department of the Interior are advisory/ changes proposed in the ESD, however, the ESD is not subject to the and complex that it was divided into 15 RDUs. non-voting members of the council. usual public comment period. Remediation near Anaconda's Washoe Smelter. Photo by Kayla Lappin. Page 6 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition Page 7

Anaconda Company Smelter NPL Operable Units The Anaconda Regional Waste, Water and Soils OU Abby Peltomaa Abby Peltomaa The Anaconda Company Smelter replacement or repairs to bridges, and infiltration of water into the longer used. EPA and DEQ are Site is 300 square-miles with institutional controls, long-term tailings. Several million cubic currently re-evaluating the long- Records of Decision (RODs) at monitoring and preservation of yards of waste from Milltown, term management of the slag, five active operable units (OUs). historic features. OU7 consists of the Colorado Smelter in Butte, and may require that portions be Some of the OUs have been broken six sub-areas. They are: the Old Silver Bow Creek, and the Clark capped or closed depending on the down into smaller remedial design Works Golf Course, the Industrial Fork River have been consolidated current use. units (RDUs). Area, Red Sands, East Anaconda into the Opportunity Ponds. Soils Yards, the Drag Strip, the Mill adjacent to the ponds were used in RDU 13 – Old Works This site was listed on the NPL in Creek Addition, and Aspen Hills. the cover design. These soil borrow Groundwater 1983 and there have been over 30 Construction is complete at five areas were subsequently reclaimed years of clean-up. Eighty percent This RDU addresses groundwater of the six areas. Construction at to create nearly 1,000 acres of new underneath the Old Works of the work is complete. Half of the sixth area, the Industrial Area, wetlands which are popular with the upland reclamation and open area. Remedial work requires is nearly complete. The site will wildlife. The adjacent areas are monitoring of the groundwater spaces has been completed with be maintained in perpetuity and also utilized to store stormwater 12,000 acres reclaimed and 10,000 cadmium plume with a provision managed for reuse. from the smelter facility. With for additional work if the plume more to go. Over 1,300 residential an interception trench at the and commercial properties have Lime piles on the back side of Stucky Ridge. Photo by Kayla Lappin. migrates beyond the established OU 16 - Community Soils toe of the ponds, these form a point of compliance. Monitoring been cleaned up to date with three ground and surface water passive Operable Unit Grass grows along Stucky Ridge and Smelter Hill on remediated caps. Photo by is being performed under the or four years left to go. The final treatment system to effectively Consent Decree for this site is The remedy for residential soils was Kayla Lappin. Ground Water Management Plan. selected in 1996 and was modified treat water that feeds a portion of slated by the end of this calendar The Anaconda Regional Waste, the wetland system. This system year and deletion of the site by in 2013. The work has included RDU 5 – Active Railroad RDU 14 – Smelter Hill removal of arsenic-contaminated Water and Soils Operable Unit will be monitored with a provision 2025. The following are the (OU) has been divided into 15 This RDU includes the active for additional treatment if it Facility operable units of this site. Some soils and replacement with clean Rarus Rail line from Durant This RDU includes approximately soil. This remedy also called for Remedial Design Units (RDU) becomes necessary. Work has been have been completed and are due to their complexity. The Canyon to the West Rail Yard in completed at this RDU. 1,500 acres of the former currently being maintained while the cleanup of future residential Anaconda. Remedial work requires Anaconda Reduction Works soils. The remedy for commercial/ following is a brief summary of others are still ongoing. One or each RDU. A map of these RDU's the removal of waste materials that RDU 9 – Fluvial Tailings Complex. Remedial work requires more RODs are anticipated to be industrial areas and the active could impact ground and surface can be found on pages 8-9. More This RDU is approximately 5,000 that approximately 1,000 acres of amended this year. railroad area included placement water or private property. It also the waste management areas be of engineered covers. Construction information can be found on the acres impacted by historic flooding Arrowhead Foundation’s website at requires the placement of rock capped with a soil cover, adjacent of the remedy was finished in material on the line to provide a from Silver Bow Creek. Remedial Active OUs anacondasuperfund.com. work is required on approximately soils treated, and the construction 2010. Operation and maintenance barrier to waste materials to reduce of storm water controls. Work at OU 15 - Mill Creek activities are ongoing. The 2013 2000 acres that includes primarily RDU 1 – Stucky Ridge human contact and further erosion. this RDU will be completed this Operable Unit modification to the Community A view of remaining slag near Smelter Hill. The green hills surrounding the Wastes have been removed from the soil treatment and some removal of black piles have been remediated with cap and cover system. year. The remedy was selected in Soils remedy included cleanup Uplands Blue Lagoon area as well as several the most contaminated materials. 1987 and included permanently of lead-contaminated residential This RDU includes approximately other concentrate spill areas. The Work also included the removal soil, expanding the controls 4,000 acres of arsenic contaminated of waste materials along a stretch RDU 15 – Mt. Haggin relocating all Mill Creek residents. East and West Rail Yards, main line Uplands Demolition debris was removed program, and development of an soils. Remedial work is required through Anaconda and portions of of lower Willow Creek and and disposed, and contaminated interior dust abatement program. on approximately 2,500 acres and the main line to Durant Canyon, stabilization of the stream banks. This RDU includes approximately soils were stablized. Construction Implementation of this remedy will include soil treatment, steep have been covered with rock. Work will be completed in this 5,000 acres of arsenic contaminated of the remedy was finished in late began in 2015 and is ongoing. slope reclamation and construction Remaining work at this RDU RDU next year. soil within the State’s Mt. Haggin 1988. Contaminated soils were In 2017, the EPA addressed of stormwater controls. Work has includes the replacement of two Wildlife Management Area. This subsequently removed under primary sources of interior dust been completed on about a third of railroad trestles at Mill and Willow RDU 10 - Warm Springs RDU is located at the headwaters other OUs. Monitoring and contamination through sampling this RDU. Creeks and removal of adjacent Creek of Willow and California Creeks, maintenance of the vegetation is and cleanup. It called for removal waste material. This RDU includes approximately and is adjacent to Mill Creek. on-going. Portions of this area are of arsenic-contaminated soils and RDU 2 – Lost Creek 4.5 miles of Warm Springs Creek Remedial work requires primarily currently being redeveloped. The yards. This OU is currently in Uplands RDU 6 – South impacted by fluvial deposits from steep slope reclamation and site will be managed for reuse. construction. Opportunity the Old Works. Remedial work construction of storm water This RDU includes approximately controls. Work is being performed 2,000 acres of arsenic contaminated requires the removal of floodplain OU 04 - Anaconda A view of Mount Haggin from Stucky Ridge. Photo by Kayla Lappin. This RDU is approximately 1,000 by the Montana Natural Resource OU 11 - Flue Dust soils adjacent to Lost Creek. acres of arsenic contaminated waste from two areas and the Regional Water, Waste stabilization of stream banks. Work Damage Program and is over half Operable Unit OU 09 – Beryllium We'd like to thank the Arrowhead Remedial work is required on soils and primarily requires soil and Soils Operable Unit in this RDU is complete. completed. The remedy was selected in 1991 Removal Foundation, EPA websites, as well approximately 1000 acres and will treatment. Work on this RDU will Remedy was selected in 1998 as Charlie Coleman, for help with include soil treatment, steep slope be completed next year. and included stabilization of about Beryllium was brought to West Galen Expansion 600,000 cubic yards of flue dust. A and was modified in 2011. The this article. reclamation and construction of RDU 11 – Cashman work included consolidation of the Anaconda Smelter. Metal storm water controls. Work has Concentrate Area by-product of the smelting process, combinations with beryllium RDU 7 – North flue dust is the finely divided metal miscellaneous waste materials, Contacts: not started on this RDU. Opportunity This RDU addresses approximately This area includes approximately were experimented with as alloys. 6,500 acres of low-level or metallic compounds that escape placement of engineered covers Arrowhead Foundation This RDU includes approximately 25,000 tons of copper concentrate over waste management areas, When the experimenting was RDU 3 – Smelter Hill contaminated soils. Remedial with the flue gases of a smelter or done, the plant was demolished 1,000 acres of Old Works fluvial materials that were purchased metallurgical furnace. Flue dust treatment of contaminated 118 East 7th Street Uplands for reprocessing. Remedial work work requires soil treatment on and buried in the Opportunity Anaconda, MT 59711 deposits adjacent to Warm Springs approximately 4,500 acres. Work contains high levels of metals such soils, storm water controls and This RDU is over 5,000 acres Creek. Remedial work required required the disposal of these institutional controls, including Ponds. The beryllium was later 406-563-5538 in this area is completed. as copper, arsenic, cadmium, and removed in 1992. The beryllium and includes a high aresenic area the stripping and removal of the materials at Montana Resources lead. Treated materials were placed the monitoring and regulation adjacent to the smelter facility. fluvial deposits, and treatment of where they could be incorporated of domestic wells in groundwater was packed in containers and EPA Dutchman Expansion in an engineered repository, which moved to a repository on Smelter Remedial work is required on remaining soils. Work has been into their leaching process. Work was required to include a liner, areas. A Technical Impracticality Charles Coleman approximately 2,500 acres and completed on this RDU. on this RDU is complete (not Area Waiver for arsenic in groundwater Hill. There is a liner and leachate Remedial Project Manager (RPM) a leak detection and collection collection system in place and will include soil treatment, steep included on the map on pages 8-9). This area includes approximately system, groundwater monitoring has been applied to large areas of the 406-457-5038 slope reclamation, and storm water 5,000 acres of well-vegetated high site. The OU consists of 15 RDUs the groundwater is monitored. [email protected] RDU 8 – Opportunity wells, and a cap. Long-term Construction was completed in controls. The high arsenic areas Ponds/BP-ARCO RDU 12 – Slag arsenic soils. This area is also the maintenance and monitoring have (see more about these RDU's on will also require access controls. This RDU consists of the largest contiguous wetland in the Page 7 and the corresponding 1996. This OU is considered Repository been on-going. Construction of the under OU4. MT DEQ Limited work has been performed Main Granulated Slag pile, the upper Clark Fork River Basin. remedy finished in 1996. The site map of these RDU's on pages Joel Chavez on this RDU. This RDU includes approximately Anaconda Landfill Slag site, and Remedial requirements include 8-9). Remedial action is ongoing will be maintained in perpetuity. OU 12 – Arbiter Removal Project Officer 7,500 acres of the Opportunity the West Stack Slag Site. The use and access controls to reduce at most of these subareas. Over 406-841-5031 Ponds tailings impoundment human exposures, and minimizing The Arbiter saw experimentation RDU 4 – Anaconda ROD allows for the slag to be OU 07 - Old Works/East 10,000 acres have been remediated [email protected] Ponds and adjacent soils. Remedial reused for industrial purposes the degradation of vegetation to to date. Construction is expected on a new process in the 1970s. work required the capping of the reduce soil erosion and runoff. Anaconda Development Instead of using heat, acid, This RDU includes the 710- such as abrasives, roofing shingles Area Operable Unit to be completed over the next NRDP 3,500 acre tailing impoundment and cement. Remedial work Work is complete in this area (not 10 years. This OU is currently in temperature and pressure were acre Anaconda Ponds tailings with various cover designs and Greg Mullen requires that these slag materials included on the map on pages 8-9). Remedy was selected in 1994 and development. used. The by-product of this impoundment. Remedial work then revegetated. The tailings Environmental Science Specialist be managed to reduce any offsite included placement of engineered process had a pH of 11 to 12. included capping the tailings impoundment was divided into 406-444-0228 migration of contaminants while covers over waste, treatment of soils, Removal started in 1992 and was with an 18-inch soil cover, and 20-acre units with the cover [email protected] slag is being processed, and to surface water controls, upgrades completed in 1996. This OU is construction of storm water pitted to reduce the ponding or repairs to streambank levees, considered final under OU4. controls. Work has been completed close the slag sites when slag is no on this RDU. Page 8 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition Page 9

Anaconda and Opportunity Remedial Design Units (RDU's) within the Anaconda Regional Water, Waste and Soils Operable Unit

Active Railroad

1-90 Stucky Ridge Uplands

Lost Creek Uplands

West Galen Expansion Warm Springs Area

Old Works Groundwater

North Opportunity Warm Springs Ponds

Warm Springs Creek

Opportunity Ponds/BP- ARCO Repository Anaconda

Slag 1-90

Opportunity Anaconda Ponds

Smelter Hill Facility

Smelter Hill Uplands

Mt. Haggin Uplands

South Opportunity Ponds

Fluvial Tailings

Fairmont Hot Springs 1-90 Page 10 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition Page 11

portfolio of projects in the WMA areas (unimpacted areas). Mounta Haggin Waste Management Area valued at nearly $1.2 million. These Pedro Marques projects include the drainages of Slope and gully erosion Joyner Gulch, Muddy Gulch and control upper Willow Creek to the north, In the highly-eroded uplands of Somewhere between an This sale included construction every day. Vegetation that survived contaminants of concern. The and California Creek, French opportunity and wisdom, there of the famous log flume which the massive logging enterprise had landscape is effectively a network of the Mt. Haggin Injured Area, we Creek, Oregon Creek and French learned through investigations and is a place for innovation to spark conveyed logs from Mount Haggin no chance of surviving the toxic sediment superhighways. Ranchers Gulch in the Big Hole watershed. and for transformative projects over the Continental Divide and plume. With nothing holding on the Big Hole River downstream small-scale demonstration projects to take root. In one quiet corner into the Clark Fork Valley. While soils in place, particularly where of French Creek report that the Across these projects, we have that the bare soils are not toxic to of Southwest Montana, along the the mining, logging and extraction soils were formed from white, streams run white after storms. fostered a cooperative spirit plants, unlike the slickens (tailings) highway between Opportunity of natural resources from the volcanic welded tuff, the snow, rain with our agency partners by in the riparian corridors of the and Wisdom, 120 years separates area was devastating to ecological and wind easily carried topsoil and Beyond the reach of the toxic understanding their resource Clark Fork River. On those bare two such transformative projects. systems, equally impressive and sediment downhill. stack and sediment plumes in objectives and fitting our on- slopes, the addition of slow-release This is the story of the degradation admirable was the ingenuity and the French Creek/Deep Creek the-ground solutions to advance organic fertilizer has jump-started and restoration of the headwaters tenacity of the teams of people Fast-forward to 2012. Many drainage, most streams are listed by vegetation growth. With each new those goals. Coupled with highly- term focus of the beaver dam along 3 miles of channel in the tributaries of the Mount Haggin who came together to build and acres of the uppermost slopes of the Department of Environmental clump of grass or forb, we make it talented design engineers, we’ve analogue project, we’ve been able process. We estimated that after Wildlife Management Area. maintain the infrastructure that Sugarloaf Mountain on both sides Quality (DEQ) for sediment harder for sediment to find its way been able to design projects that to install three generations of these one year, we are reducing 448 tons achieved such large-scale land of the Continental Divide have lost and habitat impairments. Placer downhill. remove the primary impairments structures in some locations. We of sediment/year from that system. In 1864 the first gold in the Big transformation. 18 to 24 inches of soil. This is easily mining left streams and floodplains to the system and give natural Hole watershed was hit in French observed by noticing the exposed upside down, with minimal fine are using drone surveys to estimate More important, we’ve set the In large gullies, we use locally systems the kick-start they need to the amount of sediment we are conditions for natural processes to available lodgepole to create Gulch, a cold, wet, headwater lateral and tap roots of perched tree sediments or spawning gravels, heal on their own. tributary of French Creek/Deep stumps across the landscape which instead covered by the large, catching with each structure. In develop the wet willow bottoms gully plugs to capture sediment Creek, due north of the apex of have not decomposed because cobble alluvium that used to lie We have consistently found 2016, we measured that about half that are found in our reference and create locations for the local the Big Hole River’s long U-turn of the harsh summers, freezing underground. Sagebrush and that controlling the movement a ton (500 pounds) of sediments between the southern Pintler winters and constant wind. lodgepole pine floodplains indicate of sediment by water is key. were captured by each structure. (Anaconda) and northern Pioneer substantially drier systems than Reference sites across the WMA After the third generation, we ranges. Gold panning and sluicing what was there before gold mining. are dominated by beaver ponds estimate that between 3 to 10 tons for the easiest available gold, which and stream systems that regularly of sediment are captured behind yielded as much as $5/pan (in Restoring the Damage overtop their banks and saturate each structure. More important, we’re seeing upland grasses 1860s dollars!), was completely By 2014, three state agencies, floodplains. When we increase the converting to sedges and rushes, exhausted by 1877, at which point driven by their own mandates landscape’s ability to capture and and willow and aspen groves more intensive hydraulic mining and resource concerns had begun hold sediment by getting perennial thriving nearby. operations began. Large dredgers to focus substantial resources channels up and out of their banks, were later brought to the French in the Mount Haggin Wildlife multiple resource objectives come Gulch mining claims in 1895. Management Area (WMA). The together: Floodplain connection Typical of mining towns of the era, Natural Resource Damage Program In French Gulch and Moose Creek, -Floodplain soils get charged up the town of French Gulch was built, was developing restoration plans where placer piles covered most with water. Water moving through boomed and busted in less than for the Mt. Haggin Uplands functional floodplains and the soil underground moves slower and 40 years. Streams and floodplains Injured Area, a 5,000-acre area stream was relegated to a straight, stays cooler, so there is more cold targeted by mining operations around Sugarloaf Mountain on narrow chute, we removed 30,000 water available later in the season. Vegetation growth with slow release organic fertilizer. were completely uplifted, materials both sides of the Continental cubic yards of material. We also sifted through, channels relocated, Divide. Montana Fish Wildlife and designed a new stream channel Log flume which conveyed logs from -Fine sediments move out of seed bank to germinate, further and massive piles of cobble left Parks was scoping a plan to install a to regularly spill out of its banks, Mount Haggin over the Continental surface waters and stay out of slowing erosion. Over six years we behind. Streams were often left in fish barrier in lower French Creek creating 17 acres of new wetlands Divide and into the Clark Fork Valley spawning gravels, improving future have installed hundreds of check strengthened, incised channels. to create a native fish stronghold fish habitat. structures of all shapes and sizes. across over 40 miles of headwater Around 1904, with placer mining In 2018, we punched a temporary And then came the smoke. The tributaries, and the Department of waning, W. R. Allen, who was born -More water on the floodplain road into the Continental Divide, Washoe Smelter, the “lungs” of Transportation had begun moving in French Gulch in 1871 and later Exposed lateral and tap roots of encourages more riparian plants and using heavy equipment the massive Butte-Anaconda the roadway, MT 569, out of the became Lieutenant Governor of perched tree stumps. like willows and aspen. Once local installed over 2,500 dozer basins enterprise that produced enough willow bottoms of French Creek Montana, had purchased many of beaver have enough of their favorite on the slopes and installed gully copper to drive the electrification and onto the drier bench. the local claims and his namesake The mountains of sediment that foods in a given location, they’ll dams and check structures – of the United States, also produced set up shop and ramp up their company established large-scale a staggering amount of airborne gushed downhill over 100 years, Seizing the opportunity, the Big enough to capture nearly 3,000 logging activities for the booming exacerbated by leaky log flumes ponding and wetland creation. As tons of sediment. pollution, which concentrated Hole Watershed Committee began a keystone species, the benefits of towns of Anaconda and Butte. on the higher elevations of the that regularly spilled over, created to stitch together these different beavers to all other species is well Together these projects are having Timber became the new resource Continental Divide between countless gullies. These gullies restoration pieces into a coherent documented. a transformative impact in the Mt. of interest on Mount Haggin. Mount Haggin and Sugarloaf are up to 40 feet deep and can vision, and became the glue for Haggin WMA and all our partners From 1906 to 1909, a massive sale Mountain. Records from the transport water and sediment what has become a fast-moving Across the WMA, we’ve sought to are seeing resource benefits. More removed 79 million board feet of day estimate up to 60 pounds of straight downhill at maximum restoration train supported by a mimic natural recovery processes important, by setting the stage for timber. The productivity of the airborne arsenic, copper, lead, velocity. During high-flow events, dozen funders. We hired staff to achieve what are predominantly nature to heal itself, our projects landscape and the totality of its cadmium and zinc, as well as toxic nearly every tributary in the area with restoration expertise in 2016 sediment-related impairments. are decreasing the long-term extraction cannot be understated. sulphur dioxide, landed on the hills spikes for one or more of the five and 2018, and currently manage a ecological maintenance needs of Beaver Mimicry the area, setting the stage for the Across our projects, the dried up successful reintroduction of the floodplains of former beaver pond second largest native fish project in meadows are great for growing Montana, and greatly improving lodgepole pine. And lodgepole the quality of the landscape for pine make great material for the recreationists that enjoy this installing leaky dams known as spectacular public land of ours. beaver mimicry structures or beaver dam analogues (BDAs). We have installed over 600 BDAs across the Injured Area of the Superfund site along California Creek and Muddy Gulch, small tributaries that emerge from groundwater seeps along the Continental Divide. Each structure builds up sediments and raises the height of the stream bed. Now, during high water events, instead of rushing downstream, these streams spill out onto the floodplain and saturate previously Log Extraction near Anaconda. Heavy sedimentation. bone-dry soils. With the long- A new stream channel designed to regularly spill out of its banks. Page 12 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition Page 13

Voices of the Watershed: What Do You Want for the Future of Anaconda High School Students Anaconda? In the future, Our community Fred Moodry 6th Grade Students I would like to has actually done What I want to see see more color a lot to make I would like to see I want Anaconda to Anaconda is a in Anaconda is no in our grass. The our town look so recycling bins on get rid of the slag. great place to live, trash around town majority of grass in much healthier the streets because however there are and more places/ Anaconda tends than it used to. I many people a few problems. houses for homeless to be very yellow if would still like to don't have them, For example there people. it's there at all. So, see more trees and don't feel like are been many it'd be nice to see on the mountains driving to the place I would like to see times my friends people not litter I want Anaconda's some green in our surrounding us and where they break and I have needed ground rather than I would also like the garbage down. and clean up parks, something to do. great smoke stack playgrounds, our to be preserved. the weed-like fields to see more work Also if plastic gets I know there has that seem to be done in our Washoe in streams that school. I would also been talk of a rec I would also like like to see recycling. to see some there. Apart from Park area. go to the ocean, center and I think I would like to In the future, I that, the changes animals could die. that would be a things passed in see the town and would like to see Anaconda for kids I would want to great idea. Another surrounding areas our community be see in Anaconda I want our idea is an arcade to have the best become more filled renovated and As a kid living in I would want to education possible. would mainly community to be see the streets and with classic games with plants to help for most of the revolve around the safe and peaceful. Anaconda, I like and snacks and stop the weathering contaminants that to take my dogs sidewalks plowed. I environment being I want the streets would also want to music. An idea I would like my away of top soil. are around this healthier. Better air to be clean. I want for walks, but one of my peers There are some environment to be whenever I do, see people helping future Anaconda to quality, soil, etc. to see children the older people had was a roller have an Anaconda areas I notice that gone. I think that it running around and I can't ever find rink, I cannot even seem sandy and would take a lot of any doggie bag with cleaning their Fair for 4-H. playing. I just want driveways and tell you how many do not have proper time and effort, but us to have a nice dispensers. I would nutrients or care to it would be a step In the future, sidewalks for free. times I wished we I would like to community. also like to see a had somewhere to I would like to be able to sustain in the right direction dog park put into have a water park vegetation and to make this town see Anaconda rollerblade/skate. become known the town. My dogs I think this would in Anaconda. An keep the dirt from beautiful again. would be glad to actual water park as a community Anaconda is a make a tremendous washing away with beautiful little have a big place to In the future, I would close to us for play snow, rains, and that is willing to change in our A prosperous participate in the community town run around without like to have more community. is wonderful to wind. being in danger of recycling happen in think about. I live community that cleanup of our located in the being hit by a car. Anaconda. embraces their town. I don't think state of Montana. in between Butte My community and Anaconda history and that we have many Anacondas beauty I would like to have should remove the appreciate the clean up projects lies deep within, but, it would be slag pile that sits I want my I would like to see bike trails all around wonderful to have natural resources in Anaconda which from the beautiful community to start Anaconda get a town and I would near the smelter, that have been is really a downer. wildlife to the an excuse to stay in not only is it toxic picking up more waterpark. like more cross Anaconda. gifted to us. If we held more fishing and hunting garbage. I also walks in certain but its also very cleanups each accessibility. dangerous to the think the community I would like my places. year and made should start wild life and nature them a yearly community to have What I would like to around it. I envision recycling because more trash cans see in Anaconda is Anaconda to have cause, I believe that there are tons of and would like I want Anaconda to a larger variety of a better landscape Anaconda would i want a community paper and water them to be cleaned make it so that there books in the public I want a clean, non- surrounding the become a better that helps out with bottles that go to regularly. is no slag pile and library. I also would toxic community community as a environment for pollution, recycling, waste. so there are more like to see an indoor with people moving result of a cleanup everyone that lives and making this trees near the pile. water park. I would back in to this of our soil. here. It would cause town a better place I think that if we like a new museum. I town for more jobs more people to visit to live. Maybe during Art picked up a lot more also think we should and cleaner safe and have a greater in the Park you can and quit littering as I would like my get an organic food environment for their I would like to see impact on our local have recycling bins much as we do, our future community to center so it will children. the slag pile cleaned businesses. around the park community would be recyclable. Also, encourage people to up. because a lot of be a lot nicer. we could have a eat healthy. Plus, a trash is left behind. homeless shelter. new animal shelter. Page 14 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition Page 15

Teacher Feature: Bob Orrino Washoe Park Trout Hatchery Stucky Ridge Update Abby Peltomaa Angela Smith, Hatchery Manager Greg Mullan Editor’s Note: Bob began with What has kept you Washoe Park Trout Hatchery In a 2008 settlement, The Atlan- the sites, carrying low pH (acidic) fertilizer. The lime amendment Natural Resource Damage Pro- CFWEP about 15 years ago and interested and working tic Richfield Company (ARCO) materials to the areas below. The (using sugar beet lime) was used gram (NRDP) and ARCO work- has since expanded on CFWEP Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks agreed to do remedy and resto- pH of soils was as low as 3.5 in at about 22 tons per acre over the ing together to problem-solve and programming in his own classroom with the CFWEP in every way possible. From talking program? ration on the state lands of Stucky some places. 310 acres that were restored. The create healthy uplands. Uplands about Anaconda’s past to Montana’s First of all, it is the people especially, Ridge and Mount Haggin. These pH of soils today ranges from 7.2 are connected to the riparian areas several trout species in our watershed, Abby and Dr. A. They bring so upland areas were heavily impact- Following the settlement, planning to 7.3 (neutral levels) and main- of the Clark Fork Watershed. If left Bob not only extended his curriculum much passion to the students as ed by historic smelting and looked and sampling began in 2009 and tains a healthy population of native unaddressed, unhealthy soils and on these topics, but improved the well as myself. very different from today. Both 2010. In 2011, work began in ear- plants. Noxious weeds have been historic wastes could have contin- knowledge of his students as well. He areas were virtually absent of veg- nest to address the grade and slope reduced by 95% on the site. ued into streams below these sites. is always working to connect students’ CFWEP brings so many etation, other than noxious weeds. of the area, repair the major gullies, The Stucky Ridge site is completed opportunities to the students. learning to their surroundings. The Erosion on the site was rampant. add a lime amendment, and cover These state lands have been re- and now is moving into the moni- The fish dissection gets the students of Anaconda are fortunate to Many gullies had opened up over with a native plants seed mix and stored through the efforts of the toring stage. have Bob working in their class. All students aware and involved in our of our host teachers are invaluable watersheds. partners to CFWEP in creating a The Restoration Education legacy of stewardship for our state’s Program teaches students about natural resources. the past and ongoing restoration and remediation of our watershed. It is very refreshing when CFWEP spends several days in my classroom. The students get CFWEP Fly Fishing Campers Tour the Washoe Park Trout Hatchery a different teaching perspective which reinforces my passion for Editor’s Note: The Washoe Park the Anaconda smelter was also a our watershed. Trout Hatchery has been a partner member of the Montana Fish and of CFWEP since our inception. Game Commission and obtained What do you want for the Without their commitment to our support from the legislature to future of Anaconda? program, we would not be able to fund the hatchery’s construction. I want Anaconda to keep deliver this engaging curriculum Stucky Ridge after grading. Photo NRPD. Lime piles on Stucky Ridge. Photo NRPD. celebrating its history. Last year across the Clark Fork Watershed. The current mission of the Washoe we had the 100 year celebration for They provide trout for our Trout Park Trout Hatchery is to maintain the smoke stack. This was the first in the Classroom dissections, and Montana’s westslope cutthroat Bob and Theresa Orrino time that local residents from near provide tours for school groups and trout conservation brood stock, Anaconda Community Soils Operable Unit : Have You Had Your Yard Tested? and far were able to take a bus ride our annual fly fishing-campers. We known as the M012. Brood The communities of Anaconda, EPA and Atlantic Richfield are that exceeds the 250 ppm limit, scheduled for testing, sampled for How many years have you to the smoke stack and talk about are currently working with hatchery stock are adult fish that are raised Opportunity, Crackerville, making some changes to the testing will be remediated. Properties that testing or remediated. been teaching? the history of smelting. scientists to brainstorm additional and maintained at the hatchery Fairmont, Galen, and Warm process to ensure that yards are had the previous testing and the opportunities for partnering in trout for the purpose of breeding. The Springs all exist within the remediated effectively. Previously, average did not initiate action will Residents that want to request This will be my 26th year of We need to record our history for research projects. hatchery maintains the health Community Soils Operable residential soils exceeding an receive information in the mail if yard testing can contact Water teaching. future generations growing up in and genetic integrity of the M012 Unit. They are eligible for free averaged arsenic concentration action will be taken. Environmental Technologies Anaconda so they know why this The Washoe Park Trout Hatchery brood stock and supplies eyed- yard testing for elevated levels of 250 parts per million (ppm) (WET) at (406) 563-7476. Are you born and raised city exists. was established in 1908 and was eggs (eggs with developing embryo of contaminants (such as arsenic were remediated. The new update The map below shows all of the Anacondan? the first state-run hatchery in fish) to other hatcheries in the and lead) from historic smelting removes the averaging of test yards (in green) that have been Yes, as a matter of fact, I live in the What do you think is the Montana. The Butte, Anaconda state. The progeny (offspring) of operations. results. Any part of a residential area house that I grew up in. most important thing and Pacific Railroad donated the the M012 are used for multiple four acres of land for the hatchery management objectives, including for Anaconda going Describe your style of facility, and the water rights were population management, urban forward? granted by the Anaconda Copper fisheries, native species restoration teaching. First and foremost we need to Company. The Washoe Park and research. A second facet of I encourage students to engage in hold the EPA (Environmental Trout Hatchery (WPTH) was the hatchery’s mission is to provide their learning process and to take Protection Agency) accountable built adjacent to historic Washoe public outreach and education. ownership in their knowledge. for the restoration and remediation Park in Anaconda, Montana, at the This mission is accomplished Most of all, I try really hard to give of our watershed. The Butte, height of copper mining activity in by various means including the students real-life connections. We Anaconda and Clark Fork River the area. The project was initiated maintenance of an exceptional live in such a unique place with so Superfund cleanup is the largest with help from local industries interpretive center, classroom WASHOE PARK many opportunities for outdoor Superfund complex in the nation. and the support of a strong, local education, and hatchery tours. WEST ANACONDA recreation that if I can have students People don’t realize what that really sportsman’s club. The manager of RR YARD HOSPITAL grow up to be stewards and take means to the watershed, as well as ownership of this great area, I think I the land that was affected by the have done my job as a middle school smelting process. science teacher. Residents of the Clark Fork MITCHELL STADIUM When did you first get Watershed must be educated about COMMONS started working with the risks of living in a superfund CFWEP and what hooked site and teach future generations how to care for our cities as well as BENNY you? our lands. GOODMAN I started with CFWEP in 2004 one year after it was formed. I got What do you want your COURTHOUSE hooked immediately because I community to be like in am very interested in the mining and smelting history of Butte and the future? Anaconda. I feel strongly that the I am all about jobs. I fully support youth and adults that live in this mining and logging, but going d x m . r e n

forward we need to learn from our w O _ s

area need to know the history of u t a t S _ U O S C

\ Legend

mistakes. I fear too many kids who 7 1 0 CSOU STATUS 2017 2 mining, whether good or bad. This \ 307 East Park d x

m Railroad

Suite 301A s t c e

j Anaconda, MT 59711 o r

P Ownership Boundaries grow up here will have to leave \ O C

history will give us the opportunity R

A Woodard & Curran shall assume no liability for any of the following; 1. Any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in the \ : Scheduled/Sampled/Completed WITHIN ANACONDA CITY LIMITS D

:

g information provided regardless of how caused or; 2.Any decision or action taken or not taken by the reader in reliance n i s U

No Response/Denied upon any information or data furnished hereunder.

this place that they love to make a n e n i to learn from past mistakes. As a r b

o Commercial/ADLC/School d d

: y B

DRAWN BY: DDD SCALE: 1 " = 500 ' CFWEP Fly Fishing Campers Tour the Washoe Park Trout Hatchery 7 Other RDU 1

living wage. 0 2 /

6 DATE: OCTOBER 2017 DOC: CSOU_Status_Owner.mxd 1 result, it helps all of us become more / 0 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 1

: d e t r Note: the CSOU RAWP addresses residential yards o

p . x Feet

E outside the city limits not shown on this map

e

r PROJECT: 3037-2017-102 u g compassionate as people and more i F impartial as decision-makers, and to take ownership of the place we live. This map shows soil testing, soil sampling, and completed work within the city of Anaconda, which is located within the Community Soils Operable Unit. Page 16 The Montana Steward: Anaconda Edition

Ask Dr. A: What is the Origin of Anaconda Continued from page 1.

Later in 1881 when Daly bought smokestack, the Anaconda Smelter the Anaconda Mine from Hickey, Stack, was the world’s largest Daly kept the name. It was non-ferrous processing plant and Club Moderne. Anaconda, Montana. here in the Anaconda Mine that the stack was the world’s tallest Daly first came to realize how masonry structure. rich Butte’s ores were in copper. The copper that came out of the After 100 years of the smelter Butte hill eventually resulted in serving as Anaconda’s largest the United States becoming the employer, the smelter closed in 1980 leaving about a quarter of the town’s workforce out of a job. Such huge job losses have killed many towns, turning them into ghost towns for tourists to visit. But not Anaconda – she persists. In the 1930’s, considered Anaconda’s heyday, the population was estimated at about Anaconda-Deer-Lodge County Courthouse. 12,500, which is about 3,000 less than the Works Golf Course (designed by • Anaconda, Montana: 9,100 people who still Jack Nicklaus), there is something Goosetown and West of Main call Anaconda home. for everyone in Anaconda. by J. Ray Haffey; The hard-working, loyal townsfolk that There are not that many books • Anaconda Montana: Copper remain are the best written about Anaconda, yet most Smelting Boomtown on the of the best. To me, who take the time to get to know Western Frontier by Patrick F. Anaconda is like a her agree there should be plenty Morris; world’s leading copper producer, jewel covered in the dust of her more. notable history. Every wipe of • Anaconda: Labor, bringing a very bright spotlight If you are interested in learning Community, and Culture in to southwest Montana’s Upper cloth to clean her reveals more of her bright treasures. Whether you more, check out these fine books: Montana’s Smelter City by Clark Fork watershed. For Daly, Laurie Mercier. it was this discovery, and the are interested in home-cooking or • Smoke Wars: Anaconda need to process tons of ore and to fine dining, interested in shopping Copper, Montana Air house the workers, that eventually unique boutiques or hunting Pollution, and the Courts, led him to found the town of for treasures in thrift stores, 1890-1924 by Donald Anaconda. By 1919, the Washoe interested in visiting Montana’s MacMillan; Reduction Works with its 585 foot only cutthroat trout hatchery or playing a few rounds on the Old

The Clark Fork Watershed Education Program (CFWEP) has served Anaconda Montana students and teachers since 2005.