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Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe. -
Japan and the United Nations (PDF)
Japan and the United Nations Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan Japan's Contribution to the International Community at the UN Foundation of the UN and Japan's Accession to the UN The United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945 under the pledge to prevent the recurrence of war. Eleven years later, in 1956, Japan joined the UN as its 80th member. Since its accession, Japan has contributed to a diversity of fields in UN settings. For example, as of 2014, Japan had served ten times as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council (UNSC). Also, as the only country that has ever suffered from the devastation of atomic bombings, Japan has taken every opportunity to call the importance of disarmament and non-proliferation to the attention of the international community, gaining appreciation and trust from many countries. Today, the international community faces a number of new challenges to be addressed, such as a rash of regional and ethnic conflicts, poverty, sustainable development, climate change, and human rights issues. These global challenges should be addressed by the United Nations with its universal character. For nearly three decades, Japan has been the second largest contributor to the UN's finances after the United States, and Japan is an indispensable partner in the management of the UN. ⓒUN Photo/Mark Garten 1 Japan's Contributions at the UN In cooperation with the UN, Japan contributes to international peace and stability through exercising leadership in its areas of expertise, such as agenda-setting and rule-making for the international community. A case in point is human security. -
1 Multilateralism Recalibrated
Multilateralism Recalibrated: Japan’s Engagement in Institution Building in the Past 70 Years and Beyond Akiko Fukushima1 Introduction In the 1980s, the international community criticized Japan for free riding on the international order without paying its dues. But did Japan actually undermine institution building in the 70 years after the end of World War II? No—on the contrary, Japan never opposed multilateral institutions either at the global level, such as the United Nations (UN), or at the regional level in the Asia-Pacific. Emerging from the ashes of the war, Japan did not engage in visible leadership in building multilateral institutions, nor was it expected to take such leadership by the international community. Instead, Japan was expected to be on the receiving side of the international order created by the victors of the war. Japan, however, has consistently been an active supporter of institutions throughout the past 70 years. On the global front, although Japan was not a party in establishing institutions, particularly in the earlier decades after the war, Japan sought ways to contribute as a loyal member. On the regional front, after the end of World War II the Asia-Pacific region was infertile ground for institution building, in sharp contrast to Europe, as demonstrated by the failure of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). The only exception was the sub-regional Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and track two and three institutions such as the Pacific Basin Economic Conference (PBEC) and the Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference (PECC). Since the 1990s, however, the Asia-Pacific region has witnessed budding regional institutions with varying geographical footprints in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific more broadly. -
9, 1980 1 ENROUTE to TOKYO, JAPAN I-NE '3 Jr‘U' I 12:10 P.M.WEDNESDA
THE WHITE MJUSE THE DAlLY DIARY OF PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER LtX.‘lC&i OHE I MO.. Z+al\;, k’r.t I WSOARD AIR FORCE ONE 1lT.Y 9, 1980 1 ENROUTE TO TOKYO, JAPAN I-NE '3 jr‘u' i 12:10 p.m.WEDNESDA ACTIVITY Air Force one arrived at Haneda International Airport, Tokyo, Japan. I’ The President was greeted by: Masayoshi Ito, Acting Prime Minister of Japan Ii Michael J. Mansfield, Ambassador of the U.S. to Japan I1. Mrs. Michael J. (Maureen) Mansfield I Nobuyuki Nakasthima, Chief of Protocol, Japan. i- f 12:18 The President, escorted by Ambassador Mansfield, went to the speaking platform, I 12:20 12:23 The President addressed the crowd gathered for his arrival in Japan. Members of the press 12:26 The President went to his motorcade. He was accompanied by: 1 Edmund S. Muskie, Secretary of State Ambassador Mansfield I: George R. Ariyoshi (D-Hawaii) I? 12:26 12:51 The Presidential party motored from Haneda International Airport I. to the residence of Ambassador Mansfield. I 1 ;i .'I The President went to his suite. I i f I 1:37 The President returned to his motorcade. He was accompanied by:! Secretary Muskie I I Ambassador Mansfield Ii Governor Ariyoshi The Presidential party motored from the Ambassador's residence t to the Budokan Sports Arena. I i The President was greeted by: 1 Saburo Okita, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan Keizo Obuchi, Minister of State in Charge of ! Prime Minister's Office, Japan Japanese Protocol Officer I * lt47 The President went to his seat. -
Pacifism in the Constitution of Japan and Strategies of National Security
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Tsukuba Repository Pacifism in the Constitution of Japan and Strategies of National Security 著者 Hirayama Asaji, Silver Tim 内容記述 Japanese version (平山朝治「日本国憲法の平和 主義と、安全保障戦略」『国際日本研究』第7号 http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00124619 )was published in March 2015. Translated from Japanese version by Tim Silver (Master of Pacific Studies, UCSD) and Asaji Hirayama. year 2015 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00125662 PACIFISM IN THE CONSTITUTION OF JAPAN AND STRATEGIES OF NATIONAL SECURITY ENGLISH VERSION ⓒ Asaji Hirayama, 2015. Japanese version (平山朝治「日本国憲法の平和主義と、安全保障戦略」『国際日本研究』第7号 http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00124619 )was published in March 2015. Translated from Japanese version by Tim Silver (Master of Pacific Studies, UCSD) and Asaji Hirayama. Pay-off matrices and theoretical explanations of Japanese version are replaced with daily expressions according to the advice of Professor Takeo Hoshi (Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, Stanford University). The matrices appear in Appendix of English version. Cover photographs: Piazza San Marco ⓒ Hinako Hirayama Masks ⓒ National Noh Theatre Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Legislative Intent of Article 9 and Efforts to Hide that Intent ....................................................................... 4 (1) MacArthur’s true intentions ........................................................................................................................ -
August 6, 1975 10:00 A.M
File scanned from the National Security Adviser's Memoranda of Conversation Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library DEPARTMENT OF STATE MemoranJum 01 Conversation DATE: August 6, 1975 10:00 a.m. The White House SUBJECT: President's Second Meeting with Prime Minister Miki PARTICIPANTS: Prime Minister Takeo Miki Foreign Minister Kiichi Miyazawa Ambassador Takeshi Yasukawa Toshiki Kaifu, House of Representatives and Deputy Cabinet Secretary Bunroku Yoshino, Deputy Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sadaaki Numata, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Interpreter) The President The Secretary Ambassador James D. Hodgson General Brent Scowcroft, NSC Assistant Secretary Philip C. Habib James J. Wickel, Department of State (Interpreter) KUALA LUMPUR TERRORISTS Miki: I wish to thank Secretary Kissinger for cabling Somalia last night regarding the terrorists in Kuala Lumpur. Isn't there some way we could have an international treaty by which all nations would refuse to accept highjackers and terrorists? Secretary: Mr. President, we learned in the middle of the night that the terrorists were ready to leave Kuala Lumpur, but no nation would agree to allow their plane to land. The GOJ had been in touch with Syria, Libya and other countries but they all refused. We took the position that we would not communicate with any government, in line with your policy, but at 3:00 a.m. we sent a cable to Somalia, with whom Japan does not have diplomatic relations, and where we represent Japan's interests. But Somalia refused to allow the terrorists' plane to land. and Officer) EA/P: ickel:rd FORM O -1254 2' 65 GDS -Top SEGRFf = ClASSIFI::O/, i ! r • • - •• t r".~ Miki: There should be an international treaty to deal with this sort of problem, under which all nations would agree not to accept terrorists. -
Message from the Ambassador Ethiopia Is a Land of Unique Features
Biannual News Letter After Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s successful visit to Ethiopia, we have Message from the Ambassador witnessed a growing positive image of Ethiopia among the Japanese public. The official visits of Speaker Abadula Gemeda and other high level officials of Ethiopia to Japan have further strengthened the excellent relations between Ethiopia and Japan. In the year 2014, our Embassy organized a successful agribusiness seminar in May and a light manufacturing workshop in November. We have witnessed a growing interest by Ethiopia is a land of unique features with a Japanese companies in Ethiopia. The long history of existence and home to the government, recognizing that the rich oldest human settlement. It is also a melting potential resource of the country can only be pot of diverse cultures where people from achieved in collaboration with our private different ethnic and religious backgrounds sector partners, has been continually live in harmony. Ethiopia has achieved improving the Investment Codes in favor of considerable success in economic growth and investors in order to attract more investors. social transformation in the last few decades. Tax holidays and other incentives have been By registering a strong high growth rate over introduced. We will continue to work to the last ten consecutive years, Ethiopia has strengthen Japanese private sector become one of the fastest growing economies engagement in Ethiopia in the years to come. in Africa. Japan has been one of the major Over the last 6 months, our embassy has international development partners of participated in the Coffee Exhibition Ethiopia, and I would like to express my deep organized by Specialty Coffee Association of gratitude for Japan's continued economic Japan, the Tourism Showcase organized by assistance for our country’s development the Japan Association of Travel Agents, the endeavors. -
Nbr Analysis
GREEN AND SAMUELS 1 ANALYSIS Volume 5, No. 4 RECALCULATING AUTONOMY: JAPAN’S CHOICES IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER Michael J. Green and Richard J. Samuels THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF ASIAN RESEARCH 2 NBR ANALYSIS © 1994 by The National Bureau of Asian Research. ISSN 1052-164X Printed in the United States of America. The National Bureau of Asian Research, a nonprofit, nonpartisan institution, conducts advanced policy research on contemporary and future issues concerning East Asia, Russia, and U.S. relations with the Asia-Pacific region. NBR does not advocate policy positions, but rather is dedicated to providing expert information and analysis for effective and far-sighted policy decisions. The NBR Analysis, which is published five times annually, offers timely reports on countries, events, and issues from recognized experts. The views expressed in these essays are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of other NBR research associates or institutions that support NBR. This report may be reproduced for personal use. Otherwise, its articles may not be reproduced in full without the written permission of NBR. When information from this report is cited or quoted, please cite the author and The National Bureau of Asian Research. Funding for this publication was provided by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Publishing and production services by Laing Communications Inc., Redmond, Washington. NBR is a tax-exempt, nonprofit corporation under I.R.C. Sec. 501(c)(3), qualified to receive tax-exempt contributions. This is the nineteenth NBR Analysis. For further information about NBR, call or write: THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF ASIAN RESEARCH 715 SAFECO Plaza Seattle, WA 98185 (206) 632-7370 Fax (206) 632-7487 GREEN AND SAMUELS 3 FOREWORD Not since the Second World War has Japan faced a future fraught with so much uncertainty. -
Baghdad, Tokyo, Kabul: Constitution Making in Occupied States
University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 2007 Baghdad, Tokyo, Kabul: Constitution Making in Occupied States Tom Ginsburg Zachary Elkins James Melton Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/journal_articles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Tom Ginsburg, Zachary Elkins & James Melton, "Baghdad, Tokyo, Kabul: Constitution Making in Occupied States," 49 William and Mary Law Review 1139 (2007). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BAGHDAD, TOKYO, KABUL ...: CONSTITUTION MAKING IN OCCUPIED STATES ZACHARY ELKINS TOM GINSBURG JAMES MELTON* INTRODUCTION On October 15, 2005, Iraqis voted in overwhelming numbers to adopt a new constitution.' Although all hoped that the new docu- ment would mark a political settlement, the new constitutional structure has not been able to ameliorate, and may even have exacerbated, a problem of instability and political disintegration. At the very least, the constitution of Iraq--drafted under the Iraqi Governing Council of the occupying Coalition Provisional Authority2 -has not produced a political reconstruction of the society.3 * Respectively, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Professor of Law and Political Science, and Ph.D. candidate, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Ginsburg and Elkins are Directors of the Comparative Constitutions Project, https://netfiles.uiuc.edu zelkins/constitutions (last visited Feb. 22, 2008). Many thanks to Craig Martin and Mark Ramseyer for superb comments. Thanks also to audiences at the William & Mary School of Law Symposium on Constitution Making in Post-Conflict States, Creighton Law School Japanese Law Conference, and Harvard Law School. -
After Populism? the Long and Winding Road to the Westminster Model
japanese political science review 3 (2016), 1–13 (doi: 10.15545/3.1) © 2016 Japanese Political Science Association Masahiro Yamada After Populism? The Long and Winding Road to the Westminster Model Why can’t Japan have a competitive opposition? Through an analysis of sur- vey datasets, this article shows the loss of faith in the DPJ, and the vulner- ability of voters’ support. Although our analysis indicates the strength of the current Abe cabinet since 2012, it simultaneously displays that there is a greater divergence in emotional thermometer to Prime minister Abe and the LDP since regaining power in 2012, which suggests conflict in evaluation to the incumbent cabinet among Japanese electorates. keywords: weak opposition, vulnerability of voters’ support, cabinet approval and disapproval Masahiro Yamada is a Professor at Kwansei Gakuin University. This article is a product of a Japanese Electoral Studies (2012–2016) grant from the Japa- nese Society for Promotion of Science as Grant-in-Aid for Specially Pro- moted Research (24000002). The author would like to thank Enago (www. enago.jp) for the English-language review. 1 2 | japanese political science review 3 (2016) Research Questions Japan experienced two power transitions after the goverment of Prime Minister Koizumi Jun’ichiro (2001 to 2006): one was the 2009 formation of the coalition government led by the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) in 2009, and the other was the DPJ coalition’s subsequent fall and return of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Komei Party coalition in 2012. Ironically, this situation also seemed to imply the failure of the two-party system in Japan, which was one purpose of the introduction of the mixed- member electoral system in single-member districts (SMDs) and propor- tional representation (PR) in 1994. -
The Department of State Bulletin
to these talks for the prosperity and happiness of your great and partnership. I look forward until Friday. Eepublic, the United States of America. which begin today and continue I am sure they will be very helpful to both our countries in deepening their understanding of each other, and I confidently hope that my visit EXCHANGE OF GREETINGS AT AIRPORT, to America will help to prepare the way for a JUNE 19 new era of Japanese- American relations. Press release 375 dated June 19 Vice President Nixon: MEMBERS OF OFFICIAL PARTY Mr. Prime Minister, it is a very great honor for me to extend on behalf of President Eisenhower The Department of State announced on June 13 and the American people our welcome on the oc- (press release 360) the members of the official casion of your visit to Washington, the Nation's party for the visit of Prime Minister Nobusuke of the Government Capital, as the representative Kishi of Japan, June 16-29. They are as follows : and the people of Japan. I recall the visit that I Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan paid to your country 4 years ago and the welcome Nobusuke Koichiro Asakai, Ambassador of Japan to the United States that we received from people in all walks of life Hirohide Ishida, Chief Cabinet Secretary (Rank of Cabinet assure that in the 7 on that occasion. I can you Minister) very busy days that you will spend in our country Takizo Matsumoto, Member of the House of Representa- you will find on every side among the American tives Kingo Machimura, Member of the House of Representa- people admiration and respect and friendship for tives the people of Japan and for your Government. -
Japan's National Security Policy Infrastructure
INTRODUCTION | i JAPAN’S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE CAN TOKYO MEET WASHINGTON’S EXPECTATION? Yuki Tatsumi November 2008 ii | JAPAN’S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE Copyright ©2008 The Henry L. Stimson Center ISBN: 0-9770023-9-X Photos by the Ministry of Defense in Japan and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Cover design by Rock Creek Creative. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from The Henry L. Stimson Center. The Henry L. Stimson Center 1111 19th Street, NW 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 phone: 202-223-5956 fax: 202-238-9604 www.stimson.org YUKI TATSUMI | iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms............................................................................................................ iv Preface ................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements............................................................................................ vii INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF JAPANESE NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY .............. 11 CHAPTER 2: CIVILIAN INSTITUTIONS ................................................................ 33 CHAPTER 3: UNIFORM INSTITUTIONS................................................................ 65 CHAPTER 4: THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.................................................. 97 CHAPTER