The Aquatic Veterinarian 2016 10(4)
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Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – APRIL 2011
SGR 129 Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – APRIL 2011 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY AND APPLIED NUTRITION OFFICE OF FOOD SAFETY Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – April 2011 Additional copies may be purchased from: Florida Sea Grant IFAS - Extension Bookstore University of Florida P.O. Box 110011 Gainesville, FL 32611-0011 (800) 226-1764 Or www.ifasbooks.com Or you may download a copy from: http://www.fda.gov/FoodGuidances You may submit electronic or written comments regarding this guidance at any time. Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations. gov. Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (240) 402-2300 April 2011 Table of Contents: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance • Guidance for the Industry: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance ................................ 1 • CHAPTER 1: General Information .......................................................................................................19 • CHAPTER 2: Conducting a Hazard Analysis and Developing a HACCP Plan -
Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue Working Group Report on Salmon Disease
Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue Working Group Report on Salmon Disease Larry Hammell - Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada Craig Stephen- Centre for Coastal Health, University of Calgary, Canada Ian Bricknell- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, USA Øystein Evensen- Norwegian School of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway Patricio Bustos- ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda., Chile With Contributions by: Ricardo Enriquez- University of Austral, Chile 1 Citation: Hammell, L., Stephen, C., Bricknell, I., Evensen Ø., and P. Bustos. 2009 “Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue Working Group Report on Salmon Disease” commissioned by the Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue, available at http://wwf.worldwildlife.org/site/PageNavigator/SalmonSOIForm Corresponding author: Larry Hammell, email: [email protected] This report was commissioned by the Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue. The Salmon Dialogue is a multi-stakeholder, multi-national group which was initiated by the World Wildlife Fund in 2004. Participants include salmon producers and other members of the market chain, NGOs, researchers, retailers, and government officials from major salmon producing and consuming countries. The goal of the Dialogue is to credibly develop and support the implementation of measurable, performance-based standards that minimize or eliminate the key negative environmental and social impacts of salmon farming, while permitting the industry to remain economically viable The Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue focuses their research and standard development on seven key areas of impact of salmon production including: social; feed; disease; salmon escapes; chemical inputs; benthic impacts and siting; and, nutrient loading and carrying capacity. Funding for this report and other Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue supported work is provided by the members of the Dialogue‘s steering committee and their donors. -
Detection and Identification of Fish Pathogens: What Is the Future?
The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh 60(4), 2008, 213-229. 213 Detection and Identification of Fish Pathogens: What is the Future? A Review I. Frans1,2†, B. Lievens1,2*†, C. Heusdens1,2 and K.A. Willems1,2 1 Scientia Terrae Research Institute, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium 2 Research Group Process Microbial Ecology and Management, Department Microbial and Molecular Systems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Association, De Nayer Campus, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium, and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LfoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium (Received 1.8.08, Accepted 20.8.08) Key words: biosecurity, diagnosis, DNA array, multiplexing, real-time PCR Abstract Fish diseases pose a universal threat to the ornamental fish industry, aquaculture, and public health. They can be caused by many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. The lack of rapid, accurate, and reliable means of detecting and identifying fish pathogens is one of the main limitations in fish pathogen diagnosis and disease management and has triggered the search for alternative diagnostic techniques. In this regard, the advent of molecular biology, especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR), provides alternative means for detecting and iden- tifying fish pathogens. Many techniques have been developed, each requiring its own protocol, equipment, and expertise. A major challenge at the moment is the development of multiplex assays that allow accurate detection, identification, and quantification of multiple pathogens in a single assay, even if they belong to different superkingdoms. In this review, recent advances in molecular fish pathogen diagnosis are discussed with an emphasis on nucleic acid-based detec- tion and identification techniques. -
The Ecology and Emergence of Diseases in Fresh Waters
Freshwater Biology (2011) 56, 638–657 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02546.x The ecology and emergence of diseases in fresh waters PIETER T. J. JOHNSON AND SARA H. PAULL Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, U.S.A. SUMMARY 1. Freshwater ecosystems, including ponds, lakes, streams and rivers, represent an interaction nexus between environmental change and a wide variety of infectious diseases, including human malaria, salmonid whirling disease, amphibian chytridiomycosis, crayfish plague and many others. However, few studies have explicitly examined patterns of disease in fresh waters and how they are changing over time. 2. Freshwater environments can function as transmission foci for pathogens because of (i) the importance of fresh water for organism survival, (ii) the aquatic life histories of many vectors and intermediate hosts, (iii) the concentrated aggregations of species – both freshwater and terrestrial – in and around freshwater habitats and (iv) the highly altered condition of freshwater ecosystems, which can affect species interactions and disease pathology. 3. To determine whether water-related diseases in wildlife are increasing, we used generalised additive models to quantitatively assess trends in the scientific literature (1970–2009) for major freshwater groups, including amphibians, molluscs, crayfishes, fishes, mammals, reptiles and birds. We further examined what types of pathogens were primarily responsible for observed patterns and whether recurrent groups or transmission modes could be identified. 4. After correcting for research effort and temporal autocorrelation, we find that reports of disease varied over time and across freshwater taxa, with significant increases in amphibians, fishes and crayfishes, a significant decrease in molluscs, and no significant change in freshwater reptiles, birds or mammals. -
A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches
microorganisms Review A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches Jie Ma 1,2 , Timothy J. Bruce 1,2 , Evan M. Jones 1,2 and Kenneth D. Cain 1,2,* 1 Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (T.J.B.); [email protected] (E.M.J.) 2 Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 October 2019; Accepted: 14 November 2019; Published: 16 November 2019 Abstract: Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination efforts contribute to environmental, social, and economic sustainability in global aquaculture. Most licensed fish vaccines have traditionally been inactivated microorganisms that were formulated with adjuvants and delivered through immersion or injection routes. Live vaccines are more efficacious, as they mimic natural pathogen infection and generate a strong antibody response, thus having a greater potential to be administered via oral or immersion routes. Modern vaccine technology has targeted specific pathogen components, and vaccines developed using such approaches may include subunit, or recombinant, DNA/RNA particle vaccines. These advanced technologies have been developed globally and appear to induce greater levels of immunity than traditional fish vaccines. Advanced technologies have shown great promise for the future of aquaculture vaccines and will provide health benefits and enhanced economic potential for producers. This review describes the use of conventional aquaculture vaccines and provides an overview of current molecular approaches and strategies that are promising for new aquaculture vaccine development. -
Comparative Parasitology
January 2000 Number 1 Comparative Parasitology Formerly the Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington A semiannual journal of research devoted to Helminthology and all branches of Parasitology BROOKS, D. R., AND"£. P. HOBERG. Triage for the Biosphere: Hie Need and Rationale for Taxonomic Inventories and Phylogenetic Studies of Parasites/ MARCOGLIESE, D. J., J. RODRIGUE, M. OUELLET, AND L. CHAMPOUX. Natural Occurrence of Diplostomum sp. (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) in Adult Mudpiippies- and Bullfrog Tadpoles from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec __ COADY, N. R., AND B. B. NICKOL. Assessment of Parenteral P/agior/iync^us cylindraceus •> (Acatithocephala) Infections in Shrews „ . ___. 32 AMIN, O. M., R. A. HECKMANN, V H. NGUYEN, V L. PHAM, AND N. D. PHAM. Revision of the Genus Pallisedtis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) with the Erection of Three New Subgenera, the Description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) ^vietnamensis subgen. et sp. n., a Key to Species of Pallisentis, and the Description of ,a'New QuadrigyridGenus,Pararaosentis gen. n. , ..... , '. _. ... ,- 40- SMALES, L. R.^ Two New Species of Popovastrongylns Mawson, 1977 (Nematoda: Gloacinidae) from Macropodid Marsupials in Australia ."_ ^.1 . 51 BURSEY, C.,R., AND S. R. GOLDBERG. Angiostoma onychodactyla sp. n. (Nematoda: Angiostomatidae) and'Other Intestinal Hehninths of the Japanese Clawed Salamander,^ Onychodactylns japonicus (Caudata: Hynobiidae), from Japan „„ „..„. 60 DURETTE-DESSET, M-CL., AND A. SANTOS HI. Carolinensis tuffi sp. n. (Nematoda: Tricho- strongyUna: Heligmosomoidea) from the White-Ankled Mouse, Peromyscuspectaralis Osgood (Rodentia:1 Cricetidae) from Texas, U.S.A. 66 AMIN, O. M., W. S. EIDELMAN, W. DOMKE, J. BAILEY, AND G. PFEIFER. An Unusual ^ Case of Anisakiasis in California, U.S.A. -
Examination of Parasite Assemblages in Killifish of the Genus Fundulus Across the Atlantic Coast of the United States and Canada
Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 4-30-2020 Examination of Parasite Assemblages in Killifish of the Genus Fundulus Across the Atlantic Coast of the United States and Canada Derek Garvey Nova Southeastern University Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item This Thesis has supplementary content. View the full record on NSUWorks here: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/532 NSUWorks Citation Derek Garvey. 2020. Examination of Parasite Assemblages in Killifish of the Genus undulusF Across the Atlantic Coast of the United States and Canada. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (532) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/532. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Derek Garvey Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography April 2020 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: David W. Kerstetter, Ph.D. Committee Member: Christopher A. Blanar, Ph.D. Committee Member: Elizabeth M. Warburton, Ph.D. This thesis is available at -
Fish Pathology Section Laboratory Manual
FISH PATHOLOGY SECTION LABORATORY MANUAL Edited by Theodore R. Meyers, Ph.D. Special Publication No. 12 2nd Edition Alaska Department of Fish and Game Commercial Fisheries Division P.O. Box 25526 Juneau, Alaska 99802-5526 January 2000 Rev. 03/98 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .............................................................................................................................v CHAPTER/TITLE Page .................................................................................................................... 1. Sample Collection and Submission.............................................................................1-1 to 1-8 I. Finfish Diagnostics....................................................................................................... 1-1 II. Finfish Bacteriology ..................................................................................................... 1-2 III. Virology ........................................................................................................................ 1-3 IV. Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) ................................................................................ 1-4 V. ELISA Sampling of Kidneys for the BKD Agent (see ELISA Chapter 9).................... 1-5 VI. Parasitology and General Necropsy ........................................................................... 1-5 VII. Histology ...................................................................................................................... 1-5 -
Is This Safe to Eat?
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Publications Plant Health Inspection Service March 2006 Is This Safe To Eat? Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons "Is This Safe To Eat?" (2006). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 427. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/427 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Chapter 5 Is This Safe to Eat? “A crust eaten in peace is better than a banquet attended by anxiety.” (Aesop, 6th century B.C.) “There is no love sincerer than the love of food.” (George Bernard Shaw) Photo by Milton Friend Contents General Guidelines ................................................................................................................209 “Conditions/Things” One Might Encounter.............................................................................216 Should I Eat This? .................................................................................................................228 Literature Cited ......................................................................................................................229 -
Common Diseases of Cultured Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis, and Its Hybrid (M
PUBLICATION 600-080 Common Diseases of Cultured Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, and Its Hybrid (M. saxitilis x M. chrysops) Stephen A. Smith, Professor, Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech David Pasnik, Research Scientist, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Fish Health and Disease Parasites Striped bass (Morone saxitilis) and hybrid striped bass Parasitic infestations are a common problem in striped (M. saxitilis x M. chrysops) are widely cultured for bass culture and may have harmful health consequences both food and sportfishing markets. Because these fish when fish are heavily parasitized (Smith and Noga 1992). are commonly raised in high densities under intensive aquaculture situations (e.g., cages, ponds, tanks), they Ichthyophthiriosis or “Ich” is caused by the ciliated are often exposed to suboptimal conditions. Healthy protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in fresh- striped bass can generally resist many of the viral, water or Cryptocaryon irritans in saltwater. These bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, but the fish parasites cause raised, white lesions visible on the become increasingly susceptible to disease agents when skin and gill (commonly called “white spot disease”) immunocompromised as a result of stress. and can cause high mortalities in a population of fish. The parasite burrows into skin and gill tissue (figure A number of noninfectious problems are commonly 1), resulting in osmotic stress and allowing secondary encountered in striped bass and hybrid striped bass bacterial and fungal infections to become established culture facilities. Factors such as poor water quality, at the site of penetration. The life cycle of the parasite improper nutrition, and gas supersaturation can directly can be completed in a short time, so light infestations cause morbidity (clinical disease) and mortality. -
November/December 2015
november/december 2015 January/February 2009 DEPARTMENTS From The President 2 From The Editor 3 18 Parasite Treatment Reduces Flavobacterium Columnare GAA Activities 5 Infection In Tilapia Advocacy And Advances 10 De-Hai Xu, Ph.D.; Craig Shoemaker, Ph.D.; Dunhau Zhang, Ph.D. Advocate Advertisers 80 20 Increased Density Improves Feeding Response, Growth Performance In Grouper Ingrid Lupatsch, Ph.D. On the cover: 22 Study: Inbreeding Affects Body Weight, But Not Survival In White Shrimp Responsible aquaculture provides healthy food and important employ- Dr. Lidia de los Ríos-Pérez, Dr. Gabriel R. Campos-Montes, ment opportunities around the world. The Global Aquaculture Alliance Dr. Alfonso Martínez-Ortega, Dr. Héctor Castillo Juárez, has been proud to share this news through the Global Aquaculture Advo- Dr. Hugo H. Montaldo cate magazine. Please continue to read the new Advocate online. Photo by Noppharat_th. 26 Natural Feed Additive Improves Shrimp Productivity In Ecuador Demonstration Juan Carlos Valle; Peter Coutteau, Ph.D. Page 20 28 The Bottom Line Density Ups Feeding Feed And Water Quality Revisited Response In Grouper Thomas R. Zeigler, Ph.D. Contrary to common perceptions, 32 Sustainable Aquaculture Practices grouper stocked at high density had Efficiency Of Mechanical Aeration greater feed intake and better feed Claude E. Boyd, Ph.D. conversion. 35 Biofilter Inoculation In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Dr. Adrian A. Bischoff, Laura Koch, Marcus Thon, Prof. Dr. Bela H. Buck Page 66 37 Dietary Acidification In Aquaculture Enhanced AHPND Detection Christian Lückstädt, Ph.D. A study found that shrimp allowed to decompose prior to processing 39 Maximizing Nutrition For Adult Marine Fish reflected improved PCR detection of AHPND. -
Epidemiology of Marine Gill Diseases in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Aquaculture: a Review Annette S
Reviews in Aquaculture, 1–20 doi: 10.1111/raq.12426 Epidemiology of marine gill diseases in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: a review Annette S. Boerlage1 , Angela Ashby2 , Ana Herrero2,3 , Aaron Reeves1 , George J. Gunn1 and Hamish D. Rodger4 1 Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness, UK 2 Fish Vet Group Ltd., Inverness, UK 3 Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK 4 VAI Consulting, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland Correspondence Abstract Annette S. Boerlage, Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Gill disease of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the marine environment Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland’s Rural has emerged as a significant problem for the salmon aquaculture industry. Differ- College (SRUC), An Lochran, 10 Inverness ent types of marine salmon gill disease reported include amoebic gill disease Campus, Inverness, UK. Email: (AGD), parasitic gill disease, viral gill disease, bacterial gill disease, zooplankton [email protected] (cnidarian nematocyst)-associated gill disease, harmful algal gill disease and chemical/toxin-associated gill disease. The term ‘multifactorial gill disease’ is used Received 29 October 2019; accepted 9 March 2020. when multiple distinguishable types of disease (as opposed to an obvious single primary type) are present. When gill disease is non-specific, it is referred to as ‘complex gill disease’ (CGD) or ‘complex gill disorder’. These two terms are often used interchangeably and are overlapping. The significance of many infectious and non-infectious agents that may be associated with CGD is often unclear. In this review, we summarise aspects of the different types of gill disease that are rel- evant to the epidemiology of gill disease and of CGD in particular.