Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy

1153 David succeeded by his 1128 grandson Malcolm IV who Monks moved to Kelso soon after confirmed the just across the river abbey’s from David’s Royal Alexander I of 1107-1124 1178 William I Abbey David I II “the ” founded by monks 1100 1124-1153 1154-1189 1165-1214 from Kelso 1200

Henry I Stephen Malcolm IV Richard I 1100-1135 1135-1154 1153-1165 “Lion Heart” C 1170 1189-1199 John travelled to 1138 Rome and was David I intervened in the civil awarded right 1113 1124 1152 John war in - defeated at of to Prince David, Earl of David succeeded David’s only son 1199-1216 the Battle of the Standard wear mitre brought monks his brother Henry buried from Tiron to Selkirk Alexander as before high altar King of of Kelso Abbey 1175 1191 , captured Abbey of Lindores in battle did to founded by monks Henry II - later bought it from Kelso back from Richard I Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy 1295 signed alliance with France against England - the “”

1263 1214 Battle of 1290 recovered Abbot Henry attended Abbot Richard of Kelso for Scotland General Council supported claim of John in Rome Balliol to Scottish throne

1215 Alexander III 1286 King John of England 1249-1286 Accidental death 1200 signed the of Alexander III 1300

1296 Edward I invaded Scotland - Henry III 1237 1255 Edward I Margaret Wars of Independence started 1216-1272 Treaty of broadly Henry III at Roxburgh 1272-1307 the “Maid settled borderline between - royal procession to of Norway” Scotland and England Kelso Abbey 1286-1290 1296 Edward I’s invasion - staying at Roxburgh, took homage of Alexander II 1243 Abbot Richard and many others 1214-1249 David de Bernham Bishop of dedicated the recently completed Abbey church 1292-1296 1221 Marriage of Alexander II to sister of Henry III of England at Roxburgh marked by 1290 banquet at Abbey Death of Margaret Maid of Norway - thirteen people claimed the throne Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy

1344 1377 Charter of David II allowed Scots attacked and 1313 monks to cut timber in royal burned town of James Douglas captured David II forests to repair Abbey Roxburgh from English for King Robert Bruce 1329-1371

1346 Edward III David II taken prisoner at Robert II 1300 1327-1377 battle of Neville’s Cross 1371-1390 1400

1334 Robert I 1314 1320 Renewed war with England - 1348-50 1366 Richard II Henry IV “the Bruce” Battle of Declaration Roxburgh again in English Black Death spread from Letter of protection 1377-1399 1399-1413 1306-1329 Bannockburn of Arbroath hands - David II sent to England to Scotland with for Kelso Abbey from for Scottish France for safety with his devastating effects Edward III independence tutor Abbot William de Dalgarnock of Kelso Edward II Robert III 1355 1307-1327 1390-1406 “Burnt Candlemas” - 1328 Edward III’s army devastated Treaty of / southern Scotland C 1316 recognised king Report that damage caused by the wars had reduced Kelso’s monks to begging Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy

1417 1485 The “Foul Raid” - James III Battle of Bosworth failed attempt by 1460-1488 ended the Wars Scots to recapture of the Roses Roxburgh and Berwick 1455 Start of the Wars of 1468 Henry V James II the Roses between Scotland acquired Richard III 1413-1422 1437-1460 the Yorkists and Orkney and Shetland 1483-1485 1400 Lancastrians from Norway 1500

James I Henry VI 1436 Edward IV Henry VII 1490 1406-1437 1422 - James I’s 1461-70 & Tudor War - Henry VII murdered unsuccessful 1471-83 1485-1509 granted letter 1471 siege of of protection to Roxburgh Castle Kelso Abbey 1460 1402 James II laying siege to Roxburgh Scots defeated 1415 Castle killed by explosion of his by English at Henry V won the own cannon - James III aged eight James IV Homildon Hill battle of Agincourt crowned King at Kelso Abbey - 1488-1513 in France Roxburgh captured by Scots Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs 1545 The “” - English under English Monarchy Hertford besieged and captured Kelso Abbey which was then mostly destroyed with gunpowder 1536 James Stewart illegitimate son 1548 1513 of James V made Mary Queen of Scots sent In confusion Commendator of to France for safety following Flodden Kelso Abbey Ker of Ferniehurst 1587 forcibly installed Mary executed for conspiring 1561 his brother as against Queen Elizabeth 1534 Queen Mary Henry VIII broke away returned 1567 from Roman Catholic 1542 from France Queen Mary Church - England James defeated and forced became Protestant V’s army James V Mary to abdicate - later defeated at 1500 1513-1542 1553-1558 fled to England 1600 Solway Moss

James VI 1567-1625 1503 1513 1523 Mary Queen Edward VI 1587 Marriage James IV defeated English under of Scots 1547-1553 “The haill monkis of the 1560 of Margaret and killed with Lord Dacre 1542-1567 abbay of Kelso ar decessit” Tudor to 10,000 Scots at sacked town and Reformation James IV Battle of Flodden Abbey of Kelso established Protestant religion in Scotland

Henry VIII 1517 1542 1559-60 1509-1547 John Duncan English forces Protestantism established in cleric of Glasgow burned Roxburgh Scotland - mob attacked abbey wrote his report and Kelso destroying images and altars - on the Abbey West end of Abbey converted to use as Protestant parish church

1544-45 The “Rough Wooing” Elizabeth - Hertford’s invasions 1558-1603 devastated southern Scotland Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy

1688 James II and VII driven out during “Glorious Revolution” 1649 1637 Charles I Scots signed National executed 1660 Charles I Covenant against by English Charles II James II & VII 1625-1649 Charles I’s changes to Parliamentarians restored to 1685-1688 1600 the Scottish church after Civil War the throne 1700

1603

James VI of 1639 1649 Charles II William & Mary Scotland and Covenanting army Repairs to west 1660-1685 1688-1702 I of England of General Leslie end of Abbey 1603-1625 used Abbey as used as parish barracks church 1668 Grammar School built within 1602 ruins of Abbey Robert Ker of Cessford to whom James VI gave lands of Kelso Abbey created Lord Roxburgh Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy

1770 George I George II 1745 Fall of masonry 1789 1714-1727 1727-1760 Bonnie Prince Charlie led from roof led to Start of French Second Jacobite rebellion but fears of church’s Revolution 1700 defeated at Culloden 1746 collapse 1800

Anne 1715 George III 1771-73 1793-1815 1702-1714 First Jacobite Rebellion 1760-1820 New parish Revolutionary and church built Napoleonic Wars in graveyard - with France Abbey church abandoned 1715 Jacobite army held service in 1707 Abbey - James the Old Pretender declared rightful king Treaty of Union C 1780 united Scottish New Grammar School built - and English attended 1783 by Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy

George IV Victoria 1800 1820-1830 1837-1901 1900

1805 William IV 1854-56 1870/72 Duke of Roxburgh began 1830-1837 Crimean War Education Act brought clearing of abbey and education for all repairs to main structures - used for family burials

1832 First Parliamentary Reform Act Kelso Abbey Timeline

British Monarchy Historical Events

Scottish Monarchy Kelso and the Environs

English Monarchy

1932-33 Memorial Cloister for Roxburghe family burial built - architect Robert Fairlie

George V 1939 1948 1911-1936 Start of Second National Health 1900 World War Service started 2000

Edward VII 1914 Edward VIII Elizabeth 2013 1901-1911 Start of First World War 1936 1952- Kelso Abbey 900 George VI 1936-1952 1919 Abbey ruins came into care 1999 of Ministry of Devolution Act Works [Historic restored the Scotland]