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Cochran-Patrick, RW, Notes on the Scottish PROCEEDINGS of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Our full archive of freely accessible articles covering Scottish archaeology and history is available at http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm National Museums Scotland Chambers Street, Edinburgh www.socantscot.org Charity No SC 010440 5 SCOTTISE NOTE22 TH N SO H MINTS. IV. E SCOTTISNOTETH N SO H MINTS. WR . Y COCHRAB . N PATRICK, ESQ., B.A., LL.B., F.S.A. SCOT. Any account which can now be given of the ancient Scottish mints must necessarily he very incomplete. The early records and registers are no longe scantw fe existencen ri ye th notice d an , s gatheree which n hca d fro Acte m th Parliamentf so othed an , r original sources, only serv shoo et w how imperfect our knowledge is. It may not, however, he altogether without interest to hring together something of what is still available, in the hope that other sources of information may yet be discovered. The history of the Scottish mints may be conveniently divided into two periods,—the first extendinge fro th earliese f mo th d ten timee th o st thirteenth century; the second beginning with the fourteenth century, and coming down to the close of the Scottish coinage at the Union. It must he remembered that there is little or no historical evidence availabl firse th tr perioefo d beyond wha s afforde i tcoine th y s b dthem - selvesconclusiony An . scome whicb regardino y et hma o t musgt i e b t a certain extent conjectures e liablmodified authentiy h ,an an o t e y b d c information whic stily e discoveredb lhma t I present. s certain distin- guishing characteristics widely different fro succeedine mth g periodn I . the first place, we find only one official of whom any record is pre- served,—the "monetarius" or moneyer; in the second, the name of this moneye generalls i r y give revers e thirde coine th th fulth n n n i n f i ,o ;elo mine th t also appear e coin manth d n ,an so y towns—som verf eo y inferior importance—are thus recorded lastlyd an e ;sterlin th , r silveo g r penny wahighese sth t denominatio coif no circulationn i . The exact position or status of the " moneyer," and his duties and responsibilities, have long been disputed.1 Some conjecture the mone- tari havo t i e bee farmere e mintn Franceth i th s f a ,o s ; others merely e workmeth n employe striko dt e moneyth e . Euding2 holds thae th t moneyers, whose names appear on the coins, were responsible for the weight and purity of the metal.8 Euddiman believes that they accom- 1 Simon's Irish Coins, p. 5. * Ruding, Annals of the Coinage, vol. i. p. 49. 3 Ibid., vol. i. p. 15. P VOL . FAKX . TI 226 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APEIL 14, 1873. panied the king from place to place, and struck money wherever it was necessary, putting the place of coinage on tlie coin.1 It is impossible to assert anything positively with e ancienregarth o t d t Scottish monetarii. But ther considerabls ei e probabilit conjecture th n yi e learne e madth y eb d author of the preface to the " Diplomata Scotise;" for from the great variety of names it is evident that a great number of individuals were employed, at least after the accession of William the Lion. From the accompanying list (which has no pretensions to completeness, seeing that nearly every tolerable collection of early pennies furnishes the names of unpublished moneyers) it will be seen that the same name frequently occur connection si n with different mints. Thus exampler fo lon,e th gn o , double cross pennies of Alexander II.,2 the name "Walter" appears at Glas- gow, Aberdeen, Montrose, Forres (1), Berwick Dunbard ,an "d Wilaman ; " at Berwick, Lanark, Aberdeen, Dunbar, and Edinburgh. It is impossible to say whether differenthera s ewa t " Walter "d Wilam"an eact "a h of these places whether o , same rth e individual struck mone t differenya t places; but if we consider, in connection with this, the number of different names of moneyers recordee samth t ea placs da f mintageeo t wili , l appear more probable that they were only occasionall place th t eya wit kinge hth , than that they remained permanently comin t townga f comparativelso y small importance. From the annexed list it will be seen that, between 1165 and 1214, Adam Peris, Folpold, Hugh Walter, Eaul, Peris Adam, Walter Adam, and Wilam, were moneyers at Roxburgh. There is a strong pro- bability, as has been pointed out by M. de Longperier, that these moneyers wer Norman-Frencf eo h origin werd an , e amongst those appointee th y db king to coin money for his ransom. They would thus he appointed by royal authority e responsiblb , monee th r yfo e which each issuedd an , would accoune e profitcoinag th th royae r f th o sfo to le t treasury, being remunerated, as it is certain was afterwards the case, by fees proportioned e amountth o t coined e positio e "monetariusTh th . f o n " would thus differ very little from what we know it was in later times, due allowance being mad r differencfo e n nationai e l progress. This suppositios i n strengthened by the fact that, in the list of documents relating to the 1 Preface to Andersoii's Dip. Scoti;e, p. 140 (Translation, 1782). " See Numismatic Chronicle, New Series, vol. xii. p. 24. NOTES ON THE SCOTTISH MINTS. 227 kingdo f Scotlando m , take y Edwarb n d e followinI.th , g entries occur:— " Item in alio sacculo c. iiij.* et v Rotuli et memoranda . de com- potis monetarium ... "... Item in deeimo sacculo xxi Eotuli tangentes compota mone- tariu t mcambitoriue t malie a monetam tangencia."1 These accounts were evidently rendered to the Treasury, and, from the number, probably extended back ove vera r y considerable period. Ther evidencs ei disprovo et e assertioeth Kuddirnanf no , that froe mth earliest perio prince dth e alon n Scotlanei d exercise exclusive dth e right of coining e moneroyath n l o yprerogative. 2 Ther a referenc s i e n i e Wynton's "Chronicle,"3 when describing Alexander III.'st S visi o t t Andrew 1283n si , which show previouse thath n i t s reig bishopse nth r o , some of them, had a grant for striking money. The " Golden Charter" t AndrewoS f s confirms this bishope granth o t t . Tradition says they could not coin above a groat piece.4 t eas no accouno y t mans o i s r t I yfo t towns , o importancesomn f o e , occurring on the coins, except on the supposition that the coiners were only there occasionally.6 Evelyn says thae coinerth t s always accom- panied the court of Charles the Great; and as we have seen the strong probability that the moneyers, or at any rate many of them, were of French origin, it is very likely that a practice familiar to them in their native country would be followed out when they came here. The sterling or silver penny is the only coin known in the earlier times. The halfpenny and farthing occur later in the period, but never with the moneyer's states namei t MacphersonI y db . s " hi Annal n i , f Como s - merce,"6 tha 127n i t 8 Alexander III. struck piece twopencef so t nonbu , e such have ever been noticed, so far as I am aware, though in a curious manuscript in the British Museum (Tib. D. 11, Cotton MSS.) a groat of Alexander is figured. We possess no historical or documentary record relating to the coinage 1 Scots Acts . S , . volp 2. i . Euddiman . 141p , . 405 x . vii . .c Bk . 3 note th "Euliquian ei e Se 4 ; Divi Andrcce, . 108"p . 5 lluddiman, p. 220. • Vol. i. 432. 228 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F SO , APRI , 1873L14 . of this period followine Th . gearle listth yf s o Scottish moneyer takes si n from the coins themselves, and is necessarily very incomplete:— LIS F MONEYERTO EARLE TH F YO S SCOTTISH MINTS. 1124-53. Hugo of Roxburgh, Monetarius. Folpa Berwickf o l , ,, Eola of Berwick, „ Folpm,1 1165-1214. Adam of Berwick, „ Adam of Edinburgh, „ Adam Peris of Roxburgh, ,, Folpol Perthf do , „ Folpold of Roxburgh, „ Henrilerus of Perth, „ Hug Edinburghf ho , „ Hugh Walte Roxburghf o r , „ Suerel 'of Edinburgh, „ Peris Ada Roxburghf mo . „ Raul Berlig, „ Raul of Roxburgh, „ Walte Edinburghf ro , Walter Ada Roxburghf mo , Walter of Perth, Wilam of Perth, Wilam of Roxburgh, Wilam of Berwick, 1214-1292. Ada Roxburghf mo , Alain Andrew of Roxburgh, „ Alexander of Edinburgh, „ Alexande Aberdeenf ro , „ Alexander of Dunbar, „ Andrew of Berwick, „ Andrew of Roxburgh, „ Eorsin of Dunbar, „ Gearai of Inverness," „ Henri of Stirling, „ Haddingto possibly nma y have been a min thin i t s reign (Proceedings, Scot. 1 Ant. Soc. ,372) volY . v .. coie nTh give LinJsan ni fro s yInchaffrae a mth y min realls i t thif yo s mint. 2 NOTES ON THE SCOTTISH MINTS. 229 1214-1292. lasau of Perth, Monetarius. loha Berwickf no , „ lohan of Perth, „ Ion Oorin of Perth, „ Niche Berwickf o l , „ Nico Perthf o l , „ Piere Roxburghf so , „ Eanald of Aberdeen, „ Eanal Perthf do , „ Kober Aberdeenf o t , „ Robert of Berwick, ,t Rober Perthf o t , „ Simon of Aberdeen.
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