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Adolph Lewisohn. Kupfermagnat Im HWS_SU_Lewisohn_11.4.13_END.qxd 11.04.2013 20:58 Uhr Seite 1 Aus der Reihe „Mäzene für Wissen- „New Yorks wertvollster Bürger“ schaft“ sind bisher erschienen: – diesen Ehrentitel hat man Adolph Lewisohn gegeben. Als er Band 1: Die Begründer der Ham- 1849 in Hamburg als Sohn ortho- burgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung doxer Juden und erfolgreicher Band 2: Sophie Christine und Carl Kaufleute geboren wird, ist ihm Heinrich Laeisz. Eine biographische eine Laufbahn als Kaufmann in Annäherung an die Zeiten und Themen die Wiege gelegt. Auf der Suche ihres Lebens nach persönlicher Freiheit überre- det er 1867 seinen strengen Vater, Band 3: Eduard Lorenz Lorenz-Meyer. ihn nach New York gehen zu las- Ein Hamburger Kaufmann und sen. In der Stadt am Hudson Ri- Künstler ver wird er sein Leben verbringen, Band 4: Hermann Franz Matthias zurück nach Hamburg kehrt er Mutzenbecher. Ein Hamburger nur auf Reisen. Versicherungsunternehmer Dass Lewisohn in den USA als In- dustrieller in nur zwanzig Jahren Band 5: Die Brüder Augustus ein Millionenvermögen erwirt- Friedrich und Gustav Adolph Vorwerk. schaften wird, wäre dem jungen Zwei Hamburger Kaufleute Migranten wie ein Märchen er- Band 6: Albert Ballin schienen. Aber er weiß die Zei- chen der Zeit zu lesen und inves- Band 7: Ernst Friedrich Sieveking. tiert in die Produktion des Stoffes, Erster Präsident des Hanseatischen der im elektrischen Zeitalter für Oberlandesgerichts die Industrie unverzichtbar wird: Band 8: Franz Bach. Architekt und Kupfer. Mit Hingabe, Weitsicht Unternehmer und Flexibilität baut er ein Fir- menimperium auf, das erst um die Band 9: Alfred Beit. Hamburger und Jahrhundertwende in einer Über- Diamantenkönig nahme- und Börsenschlacht an Band 10: Hermann Blohm. Gründer die Rockefellers und Guggen- der Werft Blohm & Voss heims fällt. Vier Jahrzehnte lang unterstützt Band 11: Gustav Amsinck. Ein Ham- Lewisohn danach unzählige wohl- burger Großkaufmann in New York tätige Projekte mit Millionenbe- Band 12: Henry P. Newman. Ham- Adolph Lewisohn trägen: für Waisen und Gefäng- burger Großkaufmann und Mäzen nisinsassen, in der Bildung und in der Wissenschaft – in New York Band 13: Adolph Lewisohn. Kupfer- und in seiner alten Heimatstadt. magnat im „Goldenen Zeitalter“ Zeitalter“ im „Goldenen Lewisohn: Kupfermagnat Adolph Kupfermagnat im „Goldenen Zeitalter“ HWS_Beit_engl_23.8.12.qxd 23.08.2012 21:20 Uhr Seite 147 HWS_Lewisohn_4.5.13_KORR.qxd 04.05.2013 13:26 Uhr Seite 1 Adolph Lewisohn Kupfermagnat im „Goldenen Zeitalter“ von Henning Albrecht HWS_Lewisohn_4.5.13_KORR.qxd 04.05.2013 13:26 Uhr Seite 2 Mäzene für Wissenschaft hg. von Ekkehard Nümann Gefördert von der Böttcher-Stiftung Gefördert von ZEIT-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius Den Familien gewidmet, die durch ihre hochherzigen Stiftungen vor 106 Jahren die Gründung der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung ermöglicht und den Grundstein dafür gelegt haben, dass die Stiftung auch heute noch Forschung, Lehre und Bildung fördern kann. Inhalt Vorwort des Herausgebers . S. 3 1. Quellenlage . S. 4 2. Der Familien- und Firmengründer Georg Friedrich Vorwerk . S. 6 3. Zur Kindheit und Jugend der Vorwerk-Brüder . S. 15 4. Eine Reise von Augustus Friedrich nach Nordamerika und Kuba . S. 23 5. Die Firmen in Chile und Hamburg . S. 28 6. Friedrich, Adolph und deren Ehefrauen in den Erinnerungen dreier Enkel . S. 44 7. „Villa Josepha“ und „Haupthaus“ . S. 54 8. Gustav Adolph als Bau- und Gartengestalter . S. 60 9. Entwicklungen nach dem Tod der Brüder . S. 67 10. Anhänge . S. 70 11. Literatur . S. 72 12. Namensregister . S. 74 HWS_Lewisohn_4.5.13_KORR.qxd 04.05.2013 13:26 Uhr Seite 3 Inhalt Vorwort des Herausgebers . 4 Vorwort . 5 1. Prolog . 7 2. Jugend in Hamburg . 14 Schul- und Lehrzeit . 21 3. Adolph Lewisohn in New York – 1867 . 27 4. Kupfer . 38 Rotes Metall . 38 Elektrolyse . 45 Fusionen . 47 Secretans Syndikat . 51 Kupferkriege . 54 „An afternoons reflection“ – Adolph Lewisohns Geschäftsphilosophie . 65 5. Adolph Lewisohn privat . 73 Stellung zur Religion . 84 6. Gesellschaftliche und politische Aktivitäten . 93 7. Gefängnisreform . 98 8. Der Kunstsammler . 103 9. Adolph Lewisohn als Stifter . 110 10. Epilog . 127 11. Anhänge . 134 Stammtafel (Auszug) . 134 Adolph Lewisohns Lebensdaten im Überblick . 136 12. Quellen, Literatur und Bildnachweis . 137 13. Namensregister . 143 | 3 | HWS_Lewisohn_4.5.13_KORR.qxd 04.05.2013 13:26 Uhr Seite 4 Vorwort des Herausgebers Im Jahr 2007 feierte die Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung ihr 100- jähriges Jubiläum. Der vorliegende dreizehnte Band ist Teil der zu diesem Anlass ins Leben gerufenen Schriftenreihe „Mäzene für Wissenschaft“. In ihr wird die Geschichte der Stiftung dargestellt; außerdem werden Stifter- persönlichkeiten und Kuratoriumsmitglieder in Einzelbänden gewürdigt. Die Absicht, diese Reihe herauszugeben, entspricht dem dankbaren Gefühl den Personen gegenüber, die vor mehr als 100 Jahren den Mut hatten, die Stiftung zur Förderung der Wissenschaften in Hamburg zu gründen und erreichten, dass Hamburg eine Universität erhielt. Verknüpft damit ist die Hoffnung und Erwartung, dass nachfolgende Generationen sich hieran ein Beispiel nehmen mögen. Ekkehard Nümann | 4 | HWS_Lewisohn_4.5.13_KORR.qxd 04.05.2013 13:26 Uhr Seite 5 Vorwort Das neue Jahrhundert hatte kaum begonnen, als sich 1901 der allseits geschätzte deutsche Bankier und Wirtschaftsfachmann Ludwig Max Goldberger (1848‒1913) auf den Weg machte, um in den Vereinigten Staaten das dortige Wirtschaftsleben und vor allem das Trust-Wesen zu studieren. Durchaus vorstellbar, dass er bei die- ser Gelegenheit auch mit seinem Altersgenossen Adolph Lewisohn, dem dieser so überaus informative Lebensabriss gewidmet ist, zusammentraf. Am Ende der Studienreise in New York nach seinen Eindrücken befragt, konsta- tierte Goldberger lapidar: „Die Vereinigten Staaten sind das Land der unbegrenz- ten Möglichkeiten“ – nachzulesen in der New Yorker Staats-Zeitung vom 3. Juni 1902, Nr. 132. Mit dieser Bewunderung und zugleich aber auch Besorgnis ausdrü- ckenden Charakterisierung der aufstrebenden Wirtschaftsmacht USA war ein „ge- flügeltes“ Wort geboren, das bis heute nichts von seiner suggestiven Kraft eingebüßt hat. Spätestens seit Goldberger 1903 seine Amerika-Erlebnisse, seine Eindrücke und Zukunftsvisionen in Buchform herausgebracht hat, sprechen wir wie selbstver- ständlich von den Vereinigten Staaten als dem „Land der unbegrenzten Möglich- keiten“. Wie stark diese Amerika-Faszination auch heute noch wirkt, kann man an dem Buchtitel von Wolf von Lojewski ablesen „Amerika. Ein Traum vom neuen Leben“, erschienen 1991. Einen solchen Traum hatte auch der junge Adolph Lewisohn, Spross einer altein- gesessenen jüdischen Kaufmannsfamilie in Hamburg. Sein Sehnsuchtsort hieß New York. Dorthin brach er gerade 18-jährig 1867 hoffnungsfroh auf, zu einem großen Schmelztiegel, in den Menschen aus aller Herren Länder zusammenström- ten und sich eine neue, bessere Zukunft als in ihren Heimatländern erhofften. Hier, auf Manhattan, suchte er sein Glück, und hier fand er es. Er startete zunächst in der Filiale der väterlichen Firma, die mit vielerlei Rohmaterialien zur Herstel- lung von Bürsten, Pinseln und anderen Produkten handelte, nicht ahnend, wel- che glänzende Karriere ihm in geschäftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Hinsicht in der Neuen Welt bevorstehen sollte. Sein Erlebnishunger, sein Pioniergeist und sein klu- ges Verhalten in allen geschäftlichen Dingen beflügelten ihn und ermöglichten ihm das schnelle Heraustreten aus der Enge der Hamburger Verhältnisse. Der märchenhafte Aufstieg von einem kleinen Händler ohne großen Glanz zu ei- nem der führenden Kupferproduzenten der Welt, die allmählich einsetzende ge- | 5 | HWS_Lewisohn_4.5.13_KORR.qxd 04.05.2013 13:26 Uhr Seite 6 sellschaftliche Anerkennung, sein soziales Verantwortungsgefühl, sein privater Le- bensstil, all das wird von Henning Albrecht auf der Basis gründlichen Quellen- studiums anschaulich geschildert. Der Autor entfaltet ein farbenreiches Lebenspa- norama Lewisohns von den frühen Kindheitstagen bis zu seinem Tod 1938, einge- bunden in den größeren Entwicklungsrahmen der ganzen Epoche. Die Biographie, mit der Adolph Lewisohn so eindrucksvoll der Vergessenheit entrissen wird, bietet darüber hinaus aufschlussreiche Einblicke in das amerikanische Leben und vor allem Wirtschaftsleben in den Jahrzehnten vor und nach 1900. Adolph Lewisohn blieb ein Leben lang seiner Heimatstadt herzlich verbunden. Seine Anhänglichkeit wird unter anderem bezeugt durch viele Familienbesuche in der Stadt seiner Herkunft, wobei Hamburg immer wieder von seiner Genero- sität profitierte. Am nachdrücklichsten vielleicht anlässlich der Gründung der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung. Mit seinem Beitrag zählte er zu den großzügigsten Geldgebern. Von den vorbildlichen und vielfältigen Unterstützun- gen, die Lewisohn in der neuen Heimat Amerika auf den Feldern von Kunst, Bil- dung, Wissenschaft und Wohlfahrt geleistet hat, soll hier nicht gesprochen werden. Die Stoßrichtung der mäzenatischen Förderung, die Adolph Lewisohn während seines langen Lebens verfolgte, verbindet ihn mit einem Hamburger Mäzen unse- rer Tage: mit Johann Max Böttcher, geboren 1920, der nach dem 2. Weltkrieg mit Einfallsreichtum und Tatkraft ein ansehnliches Immobilien-Imperium aufgebaut hat. Mit seiner inzwischen verstorbenen Ehefrau rief der Ingenieur und Kaufmann 1980 die Böttcher-Stiftung ins Leben, deren Zweck es ist, Wissenschaft, Kultur, Volksbildung und Erziehung ebenso zu fördern wie Ökologie, Umwelt-, Tier- und Pflanzenschutz. Ein
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