Metal Movable Type: the Jikji and the Gutenberg Bible AUTHOR
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Graphic Communications. Progress Record, Theory Descriptions; High Schools; Industrial Arts; *Job ABSTRACT of the Shop Instructo
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 251 657 CE 040 262 TITLE Graphic Communications. Progress Record, Theory Outline. INSTITUTION Connecticut State Dept. of Education, Hartford. Div. of Vocational-Technical Schools. PUB DATE Sep 83 NOTE 64p.; For related documents see CE 040 261. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; Course Content; Course Descriptions; High Schools; Industrial Arts; *Job Performance; Job Skills; Photocomposition; *Printing; Recordkeeping; *Reprography; Safety; *School Shops; Secondary Education; Student Evaluation; *Student Records IDENTIFIERS *Graphic Communication ABSTRACT Intended to reduce unnecessary paper work on the part of the shop instructor in a graphic communicationE -ourse, this job assignment book offers a simplified method of keeping student records up-to-date. It first provides a record/form with areas for student name, tool check number, locker number, textbook number, and grades; broad course objectives; course objectives for grades 10, 11, and 12; and instructions for recording student progress on the shop progress records. The student progress records follow. These identify the operations/skills that the student in a graphic communications course is expacted to learn and provide a space in which the instructor records student progress as (1) instructed, (2) practiced, or (3) proficient. The theory outline appears next. Twenty-six topics are covered, including orientation, history, major printing processes, introduction to lithography, careers, layout, copy preparation, reproduction photography, the process camera, line photography, contacting, halftime photography, special effects, process color, quality control devices, proofing methods, gtripping, platemaking, offset duplicator, offset press, printing inks, printing papers, finishing and binding, job planning, and employer/employee relations. -
A Collection of Mildly Interesting Facts About the Little Symbols We Communicate With
Ty p o g raph i c Factettes A collection of mildly interesting facts about the little symbols we communicate with. Helvetica The horizontal bars of a letter are almost always thinner than the vertical bars. Minion The font size is approximately the measurement from the lowest appearance of any letter to the highest. Most of the time. Seventy-two points equals one inch. Fridge256 point Cochin most of 50the point Zaphino time Letters with rounded bottoms don’t sit on the baseline, but slightly below it. Visually, they would appear too high if they rested on the same base as the squared letters. liceAdobe Caslon Bold UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES LOLITA LOLITA In Ancient Rome, scribes would abbreviate et (the latin word for and) into one letter. We still use that abbreviation, called the ampersand. The et is still very visible in some italic ampersands. The word ampersand comes from and-per-se-and. Strange. Adobe Garamond Regular Adobe Garamond Italic Trump Mediaval Italic Helvetica Light hat two letters ss w it cam gue e f can rom u . I Yo t h d. as n b ha e rt en ho a s ro n u e n t d it r fo w r s h a u n w ) d r e e m d a s n o r f e y t e t a e r b s , a b s u d t e d e e n m t i a ( n l d o b s o m a y r S e - d t w A i e t h h t t , h d e n a a s d r v e e p n t m a o f e e h m t e a k i i l . -
Chinese Inventions - Paper & Movable Type Printing by Vickie
Name Date Chinese Inventions - Paper & Movable Type Printing By Vickie Invention is an interesting thing. Sometimes, an invention was developed to fulfill a specific need. Other times, it was simply a chance discovery. Looking back in history, there are two Chinese inventions that fell into the first category. They are paper and movable type printing. Long before paper was invented, the ancient Chinese carved characters to record their thoughts on tortoise shells, animal bones, and stones. Since those "writing boards" were heavy and not easy to carry around, they switched to writing on bamboo, wooden strips, and silk. The new alternatives were clearly better, but they were either still heavy or very costly. Then, during the Western Han dynasty (202 B.C. - 8 A.D.), paper made its debut. Its inventor is unknown. When paper first came out, it was not easy to produce in large quantities. And its quality was poor. Several decades later, a palace official named Tsai Lun (also spelled as Cai Lun) had a breakthrough in the papermaking process. He experimented with different materials and eventually settled on using tree bark, rags, and bits of rope to produce paper. He presented his first batch of paper to the emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty in 105 A.D. Tsai Lun's technique of making paper became an instant hit! It was quickly introduced to Korea and other countries nearby. In 751 A.D., Arabs learned the technique from the Chinese soldiers they captured in a war. They passed it on to Europe and, eventually, other parts of the world. -
Dive Into Accessibility Table of Contents Dive Into Accessibility
Dive Into Accessibility Table of Contents Dive Into Accessibility..................................................................................................................................1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................2 Day 1: Jackie..................................................................................................................................................3 Day 2: Michael................................................................................................................................................4 Day 3: Bill.......................................................................................................................................................5 Day 4: Lillian..................................................................................................................................................6 Day 5: Marcus................................................................................................................................................7 Day 6: Choosing a DOCTYPE.......................................................................................................................8 Who benefits?......................................................................................................................................8 How to do it..........................................................................................................................................8 -
Korean Typography in the 15Th Century
Date : 24/05/2006 Korean Typography in 15th Century LEE, Hee-Jae Professor, Dept. Library and Information Science Sookmyung Women's University Korea Meeting: 85 Rare Books and Manuscripts Simultaneous Interpretation: No WORLD LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CONGRESS: 72ND IFLA GENERAL CONFERENCE AND COUNCIL 20-24 August 2006, Seoul, Korea http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/index.htm Table of contents 1. Introduction and prelude 2. Jujaso, National Foundry and metal types in Joseon dynasty in 15th century 2.1 Gyemi type of King Taejong 2.2 Different types of king Sejong 2.3 The latter half of the 15th century 3. Typographical technique in Korea in 15 century 3.1 Fabrication of types 4. Comparative study of typographical technique between Korea and Gutenberg 4.1 Process of punch, matrix and type mold 4.2 Composition and impression 5. Conclusion 1 <Abstract> 15 century is called "the age of revolution of written communication" with the invention of printing in both east(Korea) and west(Germany) world. This subject will show general point of view of Korean typography in 15th century, but specially focused in typographical technique. In prelude, general history of ancient printing in Korea before 15th century including xylography, wood block printing, and typography(wax type mold) will be mentioned. The examples are Mugujunggwang Daedaranigyeong, Dharani Sutra of the pure light for early wood block printing in 8th century, Sangjeong yemun, Detailed exemples of rites, and Jikjisimcheyojeol, or simply, 'Jikji', Edifying traits of buddhistic patriarchs, for early metal type printing, in 13th and 14th century. In the main subject, all metal types casted in National Foundry in 15th century, Gyemi, Gyung-o, Gapin, Byeongjin, Eulhae, Gapjin, and their printing books will be introduced. -
Spotlight on Korean Culture
Korean Innovations: why we should learn about Korea? Why learn about Korea? • What do Americans know about Korea? North and South Korea division 1. Democratic People's Republic of Korea established on September 9th 1948 2. Family dynasty of 3 leaders: Kim IL-Sung, Kim Jong-Il, and Kim Jong-Un 3. Slightly larger than South Korea with less populations of about 25 million/46,528 sq miles 4. Economy ranked 120th (CIA Website) 5. GNP – approximately 46 Billion 6. “Juche” 주체 “self-reliance” -- the Korean masses are the masters of the country's development. Not communist (2009) 7. Interesting fact: the year is 102 not 2015. 1. The Republic of Korea established on August 15th 1948 2. President Park Gun-Hye (daughter of Park Chung-Hee) 3. “Hongik Ingan” "홍익인간” “To live and work for the benefit of all mankind” 4. 38,691 sq miles 5. Economy ranked 14th (CIA Website) 6. GNP – approximately 1.790 Trillion (2014) 7. High speed internet, ship-building, natural gas, electronics and automobiles. 8. Interesting fact: Shares same national anthem with North Korea: “Aeguka” 애국가 9. Interesting fact II: Age: After the New Year passes, everyone in Korea automatically ages one year, even if they haven’t had their actual birthday yet. subtract the year of your birth from the current year and then add one. Printing 1. The Tripitaka Koreana (Goryeo Dynasty Tripitaka) are the world’s only collection of wooden printing blocks for the Buddhist scriptures that are written in classical Chinese 2. “Pal-man-dae-jang- geong” 팔만대장경 first edition 1087 3. -
From Scribes to Types Peter Van Der Weij.Indd
FROM SCRIBES TO TYPES THE INSPIRATIONS AND INFLUENCES FOR THE FIRST MOVABLE TYPES Research by: PETER VAN DER WEIJ Tutored by: ALBERT CORBETO Course: MÁSTER DE TIPOGRAFÍA AVANZADA (EINA Center de Disseny i Art de Barcelona) ABSTRACT This research is about exploring the period before and after the invention of the printing press. The journey that the first scripts made to be turned into movable type. The research consists of investigating and mapping the scripts that were chosen. The thesis has an analyti- cal view on each journey. Historical background, æsthetical influences, models, characteristics and comparison are criteria that have been investigated for each of these scripts. This research shed light on the aspects of the transition from script to moveable type and proves that the cul- tural and historical context, aesthetically choices play as important role as technical reasons for movable type to come to life. Knowing that as a type designer will help me to first under- stand and second revitalize the unexplored ideas in old scripts and typefaces. KEYWORDS: Printing press, Movable type, Scripts, History, Type design, Europe, Analytical, Adjustments, Transition. ii TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION 1 METHODOLOGY 3 THE GUTENBERG B42 5 THE FIRST PRINTED TYPE IN ITALY 8 THE FIRST ROMAN 12 ROMAN CAPITALS 12 PERFECTING THE SCRIPT 15 THE ITALIAN ROTUNDA 17 CAXTON TYPE 2 20 ITALIC 1 23 CONCLUSION 26 BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 INTRODUCTION This is a research about the first movable types in Europe and how they came to be. When I started my research about the transitional period from handwriting to printed books in Europe the focus was more on the technical challenges that the movable type makers ran into in order to create the first types. -
Quiz 1 Review 1
Quiz 1 Review 1. Printing was invented in: !A. France !B. China !C. Germany !D. Japan 1. Printing was invented in: !A. France !B. China !C. Germany !D. Japan Printing was invented by the Chinese. The earliest wood block print fragments are dated around 220 A.D. Chops, pictured here, were made by carving calligraphic characters into a flat surface of jade, silver, ivory etc. Around 500 A.D. Chops were made by carving the negative space around the characters so the character would be printed in ink surrounded by the white of the paper. Printing was invented by the Chinese. The earliest wood block print fragments are dated around 220 A.D. Chops, pictured here, were made by carving calligraphic characters into a flat surface of jade, silver, ivory etc. Around 500 A.D. Chops were made by carving the negative space around the characters so the character would be printed in ink surrounded by the white of the paper. 2. The use of movable type in printing was invented by: !A. Bì Sh"ng !B. Johannes Gutenberg !C. John Baskerville !D. Marcus Aurelius 2. The use of movable type in printing was invented by: !A. Bì Sh"ng !B. Johannes Gutenberg !C. John Baskerville !D. Marcus Aurelius The use of movable type in printing was invented in 1041 AD by Bi Sheng in China. Sheng used clay type and adhered it to a board with wax. The use of movable type in printing was invented in 1041 AD by Bi Sheng in China. Sheng used clay type and adhered it to a board with wax. -
From Law in Blackletter to “Blackletter Law”*
LAW LIBRARY JOURNAL Vol. 108:2 [2016-9] From Law in Blackletter to “Blackletter Law”* Kasia Solon Cristobal** Where does the phrase “blackletter law” come from? Chasing down its origins uncov- ers not only a surprising turnabout from blackletter law’s original meaning, but also prompts examination of a previously overlooked subject: the history of the law’s changing appearance on the page. This history ultimately provides a cautionary tale of how appearances have hindered access to the law. Introduction .......................................................181 What the Law Looked Like: The Lay of the Land .........................185 Handwriting .....................................................185 Print ...........................................................187 Difficulties in Reading the Law ........................................189 Handwriting .....................................................190 Print ...........................................................193 Why Gothic Persisted Longest in the Law ...............................195 Gothic’s Symbolism ...............................................196 State Authority .................................................198 National Identity ...............................................199 The Englishness of English Law ...................................201 Gothic’s Vested Interests. .203 Printers .......................................................204 Clerks ........................................................205 Lawyers .......................................................209 -
Printers and Typography As Agents of Cultural Exchange in Fifteenth- Century Europe
Movable Type, Movable Printers: Printers and Typography as Agents of Cultural Exchange in Fifteenth- Century Europe Jacob A. Gibbons S1433725 Book and Digital Media Studies MA Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Erik Kwakkel Second Reader: Prof. Paul Hoftijzer Date of completion: 28 July, 2014 Word Count: 19.896 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Chapter 2: Typographic Exchange within Cities 15 Chapter 3: Intra-regional Typographic Exchange 25 Chapter 4: Trans-European Typographic Exchange 36 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Looking Forward 46 Works Cited 52 2 Chapter 1: Introduction From its birth in Mainz in the 1450s, printing and the printers who implemented it spread rapidly through Europe, reaching Italy by 1465, Paris in 1470, the Low Countries by the early 1470s1, Poland by 1473, and by way of Flanders England in 14762. Printing was immediately a highly desirable technology, able to meet the fifteenth century’s growing demand for books of all kinds3 by mass-producing the codex form and all that could be included between its two covers. There already existed international markets in Europe for other goods that were traded abroad by merchants, but print functioned differently as a commodity. Whereas wool could be brought to the nearest port for export overseas and simply sold there, handed off to the merchant who would then travel to the next port and sell the product there, a printing press or a fount of type were not simply exchanged for a sum of a money in fifteenth-century Europe4. Printing entailed a crucial difference: its novelty required a very specific and very rare expertise, which meant that those who exported print from its home in Germany very often went with it to its new home in a new culture. -
Co-Own a Leaf from the Gutenberg 42-Line Bible a Letterpress Printed Facsimile Illuminated by Hand
Co-own a leaf from the Gutenberg 42-line Bible A letterpress printed facsimile illuminated by hand The ‘42-line Bible’ is the first book printed in Europe using movable type. Between 150 and 180 copies were produced, an operation which kept the print shop in Mainz, run by Gutenberg and his associates Fust and Schöffer, occupied for three years. Today, only 49 complete copies are known to be in existence. It is a colossal work, including over three million symbols, originally intended for reading in community in abbeys and convents. You can now acquire an exceptional facsimile reprint of a leaf from the Gutenberg Bible The Printing Museum of Lyon has in its collections an original recto-verso leaf from the Gutenberg Bible, part of the Book of Ezekiel. Over 500 years after Gutenberg this leaf has been joined together). Secondly, certain letters appear re-composed using lead types closely based on his in different widths, making it difficult to distinguish somewhat primitive gothic textura font. The Museum between a variant cast by Gutenberg and a letter has acquired the font from the Dale Guild Type which was altered by the compositor in order to Foundry in Howell, New Jersey, US, who engraved justify the line. The font produced by the Dale Guild and cast the types. Type Foundry includes seven different spaces of The project of producing this font was initiated which the smallest, cast in copper, is only about by the Toppan Company of Japan, for the opening 0.18 mm (0.007 inch) wide, half the width of the of their printing museum in Tokyo in 2000. -
Johannes Gutenberg
THIS DAY IN HISTORY STUDY GUIDE FEB. 23, 1455: GUTENBERG BIBLE PUBLISHED Biographies, discussion questions, suggested activities and more PRINTING Setting the Stage Before Johannes Gutenberg introduced printing to the West, knowledge of the world was limited to those who could aff ord to buy expensive, hand-cop- ied books--mainly royalty and religious orders. However, the printing pro- cess was already well established in other parts of the world. Chinese arti- sans were pressing ink onto paper as early as the second century A.D., and by the 800s, they had produced full-length books using wooden block printing. Movable type also fi rst surfaced in the Far East. Sometime around the mid- 11th century, a Chinese alchemist named Pi Sheng developed a system of individual character types made from a mixture of baked clay and glue. Metal movable type was later used in Korea to create the “Jikji,” a collection of Zen Buddhist teachings. The Jikji was fi rst published in 1377, some 75 years before Johannes Gutenberg began churning out his Bibles in Mainz, Germany. Cover photo: A close up of the Gutenberg Bible. FEB. 23, 1455 ∙ GUTENBERG BIBLE PUBLISHED THIS DAY IN HISTORY / 2 FEB. 23, 1455 GUTENBERG BIBLE PUBLISHED ost scholars believe that on February 23, 1455, Johannes MGutenberg published what comes to be known as the “Gutenberg Bible” using a printing press he de- signed and built. The elegant, two-vol- ume Latin bible was Europe’s first mass-produced book, and one of the earliest works made using movable metallic type, a system of individual letters and character pieces that could be rearranged and reused during printing.