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Home , Caslon, Francesco Griffo, John Baskerville, Movable type, Nicolas Jenson, Roman type

Quiz 1 Review 1. was invented in: A. France B. C. Germany D. Japan 1. Printing was invented in: A. France B. China C. Germany D. Japan

Printing was invented by the Chinese. The earliest wood block print fragments are dated around 220 A.D.

Chops, pictured here, were made by carving calligraphic characters into a flat surface of jade, silver, ivory etc. Around 500 A.D. Chops were made by carving the negative space around the characters so the character would be printed in surrounded by the white of the . Printing was invented by the Chinese. The earliest wood block print fragments are dated around 220 A.D.

Chops, pictured here, were made by carving calligraphic characters into a flat surface of jade, silver, ivory etc. Around 500 A.D. Chops were made by carving the negative space around the characters so the character would be printed in ink surrounded by the white of the paper. 2. The use of movable in printing was invented by: A. Bì Shēng B. C. John D. Marcus Aurelius 2. The use of in printing was invented by: A. Bì Shēng B. Johannes Gutenberg C. D. Marcus Aurelius

The use of movable type in printing was invented in 1041 AD by in China. Sheng used clay type and adhered it to a board with wax. The use of movable type in printing was invented in 1041 AD by Bi Sheng in China. Sheng used clay type and adhered it to a board with wax. sponsored the production of metal type, specifically brass was established by the Korean government in 1234 AD. Since there are thousands of (Koreans also used Chinese characters in ), the benefit of the technique is not as clear as with alphabetic based languages which typically have less than 50 characters. Movable type was never extensively used in the east until the European style was introduced in relatively recent times (thus bringing the full circle). 3. The associated with the German national identity is: A. Roman B. C. Italic D. 3. The typeface associated with the German national identity is: A. Roman B. Blackletter C. Italic D. Caslon

4. is credited with the first work with: A. Old Style Type B. Modern Type C. Roman D. Transitional Type 4. Aldus Manutius is credited with publishing the first work with: A. Old Style Type B. Modern Type C. Roman Italic Type D. Transitional Type

Aldus Manutius is credited with publishing the first work in roman italic type in 1500. He also produced a number of new forms. Before we head of on the relatively rapid fire evolution of there is an important cultural separation involving the use of blackletter and roman forms. Aldus Manutius is credited with publishing the first work in roman italic type in 1500. He also produced a number of new Roman type forms. Before we head of on the relatively rapid fire evolution of type design there is an important cultural separation involving the use of blackletter and roman forms. 5. The first most complete set of Roman type cast in metal was by: A. Claud B. C. D. Aldus Manutius 5. The first most complete set of Roman type cast in metal was by: A. Claud Garamond B. Nicolas Jenson C. Benjamin Franklin D. Aldus Manutius France 1420-1480 Nicolas Jenson Worked primarily in ,

First most complete example roman type cast in metal.

Sent by King Charles VII to , Germany to study printing.

Started printshop in Venice, Italy in 1467.

His type was based on humanistic scripts and still showed influences from writing and incised capitals. Note the lowercase “e”. From 1470 on his Venetian type, classified based on it place of origin which was common at the time, set the standard those that would follow. Even though it is one of the earliest roman types it is still considered one of the finest. 6. The typeface is considered the first: A. Modern Typeface B. Old Style Typeface C. Transitional Typeface D. Venetian Typeface 6. The typeface Bembo is considered the first: A. Modern Typeface B. Old Style Typeface C. Transitional Typeface D. Venetian Typeface Bologna, Italy 1450-1518

Worked for Aldus Manutius.

Designer of Bembo, considered first Old Style typeface. ABCDEFGHIJKLMN OPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vwxyz

In 1502 Manutius was granted a monopoly on Greek publishing and italic printing by the Venetian government. Grifo and Manutius had a falling out over restrictions on Grifo’s ability to sell his type to other printers and Manutius’ need to protect his monopoly. Grifo returned to his Bologna where he vanished from the historical record after he was accused of murdering his son-in-law. 7. The Romain du Roi, or roman of the king typeface was designed by Phillippe Grandjean: A. True B. False 7. The Romain du Roi, or roman of the king typeface was designed by Phillippe Grandjean: A. True B. False

Grandjean was appointed to cut the Romain du Roi, or roman of the king. The typeface was commissioned in 1692 by King Louis XIV for the royal printing ofce. The Romain du Roi was designed by a group of scientists by mathematician Nicholas Jaugeon. Phillippe Grandjean France 1666-1714

Appointed to cut the Romain du Roi, or roman of the king. The typeface was commissioned in 1692 by King Louis XIV for the royal printing ofce. The Romain du Roi was designed by a group of scientists lead by mathematician Nicholas Jaugeon.

The type was designed on a 64 unit grid main squares and then subdivided into a 2,304 smaller squares. Probably the first time a horizontal and vertical grid was used to design a typeface. Here we see the calligrapher replaced by the engineer as the dominant influence on type design. 8. The first English typefounder of note was: A. John Baskerville B. C. Nicolas Jenson D. Nicholas Jaugeon 8. The first English typefounder of note was: A. John Baskerville B. William Caslon C. Nicolas Jenson D. Nicholas Jaugeon William Caslon Great Britain 1692-1766

The first English type founder of note.

Designed over 200 but is best known for the face that came to carry his name.

Caslon came to be identified as a national typeface and was carried to colonies around the globe. 9) Which of the following is a Modern Typeface: A. Caslon B. C. Baskerville D. 9) Which of the following is a Modern Typeface: A. Caslon B. Helvetica C. Baskerville D. Didot Firmin Didot 1764-1836 The Family Didot Francoise Didot 1730-1804

Trend towards extreme thick and thin contrast in strokes came to a head in France with the work of Firmin Didot and his father Francoise.

Helped establish what is classified as Modern type.

Further refined paper and established a new type measurement system. ABC abc

Modern Type has extreme contrast, vertical stress and unbracketed serifs. 10. The Declaration of Independence was printed using what typeface: A. Caslon B. Garamond C. Baskerville D. 10. The Declaration of Independence was printed using what typeface: A. Caslon B. Garamond C. Baskerville D. Bodoni Great Britain 1692-1766

Called the Dunlap Broadside after the .