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Walter Arnstein on a Pilgrimage of Passion: the Life of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt

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Walter Arnstein on a Pilgrimage of Passion: the Life of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt Elizabeth Longford. A Pilgrimage of Passion: The Life of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2007. xii + 467 pp. $16.95, paper, ISBN 978-1-84511-344-5. Reviewed by Walter Arnstein Published on H-Albion (March, 2008) The late Elizabeth Longford (1906-2002) was torian gentleman believed and how he behaved. one of the most distinguished biographers of the Born into a traditional Church of England family, twentieth century, the author of numerous works, his long-widowed mother emulated her friend Queen Victoria, R.I. (1964), a two-volume biogra‐ Henry Edward Manning in 1851 by converting to phy of the Duke of Wellington (1969-72), and The Roman Catholicism. Young Wilfrid and his two Life of Byron (1976) among them. Perhaps the siblings felt compelled to follow suit. At age twen‐ oddest commission that she received was that of ty-one, however, Blunt "lost his faith in the Bible preparing a comprehensive account of Wilfrid and in God as Creator of the world" (p. 26), but in‐ Scawen Blunt (1840-1922). It was not until ffty termittently, for the rest of his life, he sought a years after his death that, in accordance with mystical Holy Grail of his own as a substitute for, Blunt's will, the latter's "Secret Diaries" and pri‐ or a supplement to, scientific rationalism. His vate papers were opened to the scrutiny of re‐ travels in the course of the 1870s to Lebanon, Ara‐ searchers. The biography that resulted is a com‐ bia, and Egypt caused him to celebrate the prehensive account of Blunt's varied and often Bedouin way of life, one based "on those three dramatic life as diplomat, traveler, explorer, principles so much abused in Europe, Liberty, amorist, poet, diarist, horse breeder, intermittent Equality and Brotherhood" (p. 150). He learned politician, and professed enemy of the British Em‐ Arabic, and for a time he championed a rejuve‐ pire. The work under review constitutes a new nated Islam in contrast to a "European civilization paperback reprint of a book frst published in … doomed to perish" (p. 158). He introduced Ara‐ 1979. bian horses to his new Sussex stud, and he often Blunt's lengthy career provides readers with appeared in Arab dress at home. The mature a useful reminder that the life of an upper-class Blunt came to resemble, indeed, an oriental po‐ Victorian Sussex squire could defy just about ev‐ tentate or pasha. ery common assumption as to what a typical Vic‐ H-Net Reviews Blunt's "Pilgrimage of Passion" involved not As a youthful member of the British Foreign only freedom for exotic oppressed peoples such as Office during the 1860s and as an explorer in the the Indians, the Egyptians, and the Irish, but also Middle East during the 1870s, Blunt was little the acquisition of a veritable harem made up of known, but as both an author and as a political white married English women--many of them advocate during the 1880s he became something cousins or relations by marriage--attracted by his of a household name. On the occasion of the face, his features, his magnetic personality, and British incursion into Egypt in 1882 (after sixty his poetry. In 1869, he married Anne Isabella Europeans had been killed by Egyptian national‐ Noel, a granddaughter of Lord Byron, and they ists), Blunt became a champion of Colonel Ahmed collaborated in many of their Middle Eastern trav‐ Arabi and an enemy of Prime Minister William els, in the management of the Arabian stud in Sus‐ Ewart Gladstone. By sending a British army to de‐ sex, and in the estate near Cairo in which they of‐ feat the Egyptians at Tel-el-Kebir, the Liberal ten lived in winter; it was sold only after Lady prime minister had shown himself (according to Anne's death in 1917. It was Blunt himself who Blunt) "capable of any treachery and any crime" sometimes saw himself as a new Lord Byron, even as well as the agent of "selfish fnanciers" and as his wife felt compelled to accustom herself to "greedy Jews" (pp. 189-190). After the Egyptian his successive infidelities. As Blunt's friend Robert leader had been decisively defeated, Blunt suc‐ Lytton phrased the matter: "I think you are very ceeded in having Arabi exiled rather than execut‐ wise to give yourself occasional relaxations of the ed. nuptial knot. Variety of sensation is the sole It was in 1885, 1886, and 1888 that Blunt refuge from permanent insensibility" (p. 77). made his three efforts to obtain election to Parlia‐ Blunt's inamoratae were to include Catherine ment. Late in 1885 it was his purpose to defeat Walters (or "Skittles"), a well-remembered Victori‐ Gladstone's Liberals as a supporter of his friend, an courtesan, Janey Morris (the wife of William the Conservative "Tory Democrat" Lord Randolph Morris), Lady Gregory (a founder of the Gaelic Re‐ Churchill. It remains surprising that in a London- vival in Ireland), Lady Blanche Hozier (Winston area borough, a Tory candidate who advertised Churchill's mother-in-law), and Georgie Summers himself as a Roman Catholic, an Irish Home Ruler, (who, together with her husband, "were both and a professed champion of "the cause of members of the Prince of Wales's fast set" (p. 84)). Labour" (p. 220), lost by but a handful of votes, As Georgie Summers was later to write to Blunt: 3,137 to 2,975. "It's not excitement you give, but strength, distinct Less than a year later, after Gladstone's politi‐ from anyone else I've ever met…. I believe it was cal conversion to the cause of Irish Home Rule you, not [the island of] Madeira made me well and after Blunt's two personal visits to Ireland, there" (p. 85). In 1895, Blunt's grand passion was Blunt had become an even stauncher enemy of Lady Mary Elcho (later Wemyss): "She is the ideal Irish landlords and an even more militant cham‐ for which all my life I have been waiting" (p. 311). pion of Irish self-government. During the general Despite occasional misgivings, Blunt felt persuad‐ election of July 1886 Blunt stood for Parliament as ed that his numerous liaisons were justifiable if a Gladstonian Liberal in the English borough of conducted discreetly within the framework of Kidderminister. He lost by 285 votes. A year later, marriage and society: "The little sins of the fesh with Lord Salisbury's Conservative government in do not themselves degrade where there is love, power and with Salisbury nephew Arthur Balfour any more out of marriage than in it" (p. 284). serving as secretary of state for Ireland, Blunt de‐ liberately challenged laws designed to curb Irish 2 H-Net Reviews unrest. As a result, he was charged with both "in‐ was it truly a matter of honor for British soldiers timidation" and "Breach of the Peace." He was to fght "For Servia, a nest of murderous swine … found guilty and spent the next two months in an for Russia, the tyrant of Poland, Finland and Irish jail--a remarkable example of an English northern Asia, for France, our fellow brigand in gentleman courting imprisonment in the cause of North Africa and lastly for Belgium with its Congo Ireland. While in jail, Blunt contested a Liberal record" (p. 400)? Two years later he could not see (Anti-Coercion) by-election seat at Deptford. Un‐ the war as "anything otherwise than a blundering able to canvass the constituency in person, Blunt and obstinate stupidity" (p. 410). To think that had both his own wife and Gladstone's wife do so "contemptible little dog" (p. 409), David Lloyd on his behalf. He lost by a vote of 4,345 to 4,070. George, should end up as Britain's prime minister. That election of February 1888 turned out to be No matter how outrageous his public and pri‐ Blunt's last quest for a seat in Parliament; yet, as a vate dicta, Wilfrid Scawen Blunt remained on rea‐ friend of Irish leaders such as Michael Davitt and sonably good terms with a veritable "who's who" John Dillon, this aspiring but frustrated tribune of of leading Victorians and Edwardians. Thus Prime the people remained persuaded that the "Irish Minister Arthur Balfour, his indirect jailer in Ire‐ struggle is the noblest our age has seen" (p. 269). land, became Blunt's tennis partner. Thus Lord Despite intermittent invalidism, Blunt's fnal Cromer, the de facto British ruler of Egypt whom three decades--in the form of books, letters, and Blunt often criticized, superintended the wedding poems--were to encompass numerous other pas‐ of Judith, Blunt's sole legitimate child. Despite his sions both personal and political. Thus he anathe‐ distrust for war and empire, Blunt became fond of matized the British, French, German, Belgian, and the youthful Winston Churchill who, he predicted, American empires alike in a pamphlet, The Shame would in due course become prime minister. His of the Nineteenth Century (1900), that the Times associates also included Roman Catholics such as (London) had refused to print as an article. When Hillaire Belloc and G. K. Chesterton, playwrights Queen Victoria died three weeks later, Blunt com‐ such as George Bernard Shaw, poets such as Fran‐ mented in his "secret diary": "Privately all lovers cis Thompson, William Butler Yeats, and the of liberty will rejoice at the end of a bloody and youthful Ezra Pound, and aspiring Labour leaders abominable reign" (p. 345). Later he would pub‐ such as Ramsay MacDonald. lish Atrocities of Justice under British Rule in In his later years, he found it far more diffi‐ Egypt (1906) and The Land War in Ireland (1912), cult to get on with members of his own family.
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