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IIAS Reports
The Newsletter | No.70 | Spring 2015 48 | The Network IIAS Reports Providing a reference point for the workshop as a Female Islamic authority in comparative whole, Mirjam Künkler gave an overview of recent state- and society-driven initiatives for the promotion of female perspective: exemplars, institutions, practices Islamic authority. Recent years have seen a surge in programs aimed at training and certifying women as legal scholars, International workshop, Leiden, 8-9 January 2015 preachers and counsellors. In most cases, however, this authority is fundamentally limited, in the sense that it David Kloos and Mirjam Künkler depends on, or is placed below male authority, or because it is confined to ‘women’s issues’. Interestingly, the latter limitation runs counter to all major schools of law (madhāhib) that allow women to provide advise (iftā) on any issue, not only issues of particular relevance to women. In light of the limits of top-down programs in training women as religious authority, Künkler called for a research agenda that turns the attention towards the way women are perceived as religious authorities by local communities. The other papers complemented this analysis by explor- ing how female Islamic leaders and authorities have been gathering a following by building up a community. Rahima, a women’s rights organization in Jakarta, and the focus of a paper presented by Nor Ismah, is responsible for one of the first female ulamā (religious scholars) training programs in Indonesia. To increase its reach among the grassroots, this organization has worked together with traditional Islamic boarding schools, most of which are located in rural areas. -
The Fiction of Gothic Egypt and British Imperial Paranoia: the Curse of the Suez Canal
The Fiction of Gothic Egypt and British Imperial Paranoia: The Curse of the Suez Canal AILISE BULFIN Trinity College, Dublin “Ah, my nineteenth-century friend, your father stole me from the land of my birth, and from the resting place the gods decreed for me; but beware, for retribution is pursuing you, and is even now close upon your heels.” —Guy Boothby, Pharos the Egyptian, 1899 What of this piercing of the sands? What of this union of the seas?… What good or ill from LESSEPS’ cut Eastward and Westward shall proceed? —“Latest—From the Sphinx,” Punch, 57 (27 November 1869), 210 IN 1859 FERDINAND DE LESSEPS began his great endeavour to sunder the isthmus of Suez and connect the Mediterranean with the Red Sea, the Occident with the Orient, simultaneously altering the ge- ography of the earth and irrevocably upsetting the precarious global balance of power. Ten years later the eyes of the world were upon Egypt as the Suez Canal was inaugurated amidst extravagant Franco-Egyp- tian celebrations in which a glittering cast of international dignitar- ies participated. That the opening of the canal would be momentous was acknowledged at the time, though the nature of its impact was a matter for speculation, as the question posed above by Punch implies. While its codevelopers France and Egypt pinned great hopes on the ca- nal, Britain was understandably suspicious of an endeavor that could potentially undermine its global imperial dominance—it would bring India nearer, but also make it more vulnerable to rival powers. The inauguration celebrations -
Lovelace Mausoleum
Lovelace Mausoleum The mausoleum stands north east of the church, enclosed on two sides by walls which separate the churchyard from land formerly owned by the Earl. The building is hexagonal, with a projecting porch which makes it keyhole- shaped on plan. It is covered by a tiled conical roof capped with a small lead lantern. All the cut-brick and flint patterning would seem quite bizarre if the churchyard walls and other surrounding buildings were not all treated in a similar way. Architect(s) Probably the Earl himself. Listing Grade II (England and Wales) Year Created 1873 History The mausoleum was built by William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace (1805-1893). His first wife was Byron’s daughter, Augusta Ada (d.1852), a mathematician and pioneer of computing, but she died some years before the mausoleum was built and is buried elsewhere. The Earl was a keen amateur architect. Between 1855 and 1860 he transformed the family house by the addition of an extraordinary collection of flint and brick towers, and then went on to construct castellated gateways, lodges, cottages and miles of elaborately patterned wall in the same polychrome style throughout the village. The date of the mausoleum is not known but was clearly part of the same building campaign. The Earl was laid to rest in the mausoleum in 1893, followed by his second wife, Jane, in 1908. Condition Good. The mausoleum was restored in 2008. Generally open to the public on Heritage Open Days. Sources BoE: Surrey (1971) 204; Burke’s Peerage and Baronetage; S Tudsbery-Turner, ‘William, Earl of Lovelace 1805-1893’, Surrey Archaeological Collections, 70 (reprinted 2001). -
The North Caucasus: the Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law Europe Report N°226 | 6 September 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Russia between Decentralisation and the “Vertical of Power” ....................................... 3 A. Federative Relations Today ....................................................................................... 4 B. Local Government ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Funding and budgets ................................................................................................. 6 III. Elections ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. State Duma Elections 2011 ........................................................................................ 9 B. Presidential Elections 2012 ...................................................................................... -
Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: a Shi’Ite Perspective Mohamad Younes
Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: A Shi’ite Perspective Mohamad Younes Master’s Thesis in Sociology Spring Term 2017 Humanities and Communication Arts Western Sydney University 1 17481784 Mohamad Younes 2 17481784 Mohamad Younes ABSTRACT Despite the strong emphasis on ethics within the Islamic tradition, Islamic ethics itself is scarcely represented as a discipline within academic scholarship (Ansari 1989). Even within this area, Islamic ethics have predominantly been studied from Sunni perspectives, with little attention being paid to Shi’ite or other minority understandings. This thesis will, therefore, use qualitative data collection methods of semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups, to sociologically study the perceptions, understandings, and applications of Islamic ethics in Australian Shi’ite Muslim everyday living. It will investigate the overarching understanding of Islamic ethics and its specific application in Australian Shi’ite Muslim context. The project's objective, therefore, is twofold: one to strengthen Islamic ethics as an independent discipline; and two to address the scant attention Shi’ite Islamic ethics has received in Islamic ethics scholarship generally. Conceptually, this project will contribute to the understanding of Islamic ethics through a particular analysis of Shi’ite Islamic ethics in an Australian Shi’ite context. This is significant as specific understandings of Islamic ethics in certain contexts help to explain how minority groups such as Shi’ite Muslims develop their own ethical standards to shape social relations in society. In addition, this thesis argues for Shi’ite Islamic ethics to be highly Imamate based; that is, very reliant on the actions and sayings of 12 divinely guided Imams (leaders). -
The Rise of the German Menace
The Rise of the German Menace Imperial Anxiety and British Popular Culture, 1896-1903 Patrick Longson University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Doctoral Thesis for Submission to the School of History and Cultures, University of Birmingham on 18 October 2013. Examined at the University of Birmingham on 3 January 2014 by: Professor John M. MacKenzie Professor Emeritus, University of Lancaster & Professor Matthew Hilton University of Birmingham Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Before the German Menace: Imperial Anxieties up to 1896 25 Chapter 2 The Kruger Telegram Crisis 43 Chapter 3 The Legacy of the Kruger Telegram, 1896-1902 70 Chapter 4 The German Imperial Menace: Popular Discourse and British Policy, 1902-1903 98 Conclusion 126 Bibliography 133 Acknowledgments The writing of this thesis has presented many varied challenges and trials. Without the support of so many people it would not have been possible. My long suffering supervisors Professor Corey Ross and Dr Kim Wagner have always been on hand to advise and inspire me. They have both gone above and beyond their obligations and I must express my sincere thanks and lasting friendship. -
CIRCASSIANS of UZUNYAYLA, TURKEY Eiji
MEMORY POLITICS: CIRCASSIANS OF UZUNYAYLA, TURKEY Eiji Miyazawa A dissertation submitted for the degree of PhD. Department of Anthropology and Sociology Faculty of Arts and Humanities School of Oriental and African Studies University of London MEMORY POLITICS: CIRCASSIANS OF UZUNYAYLA, TURKEY BY EIJI MIYAZAWA ABSTRACT This thesis explores social memories among Circassians in Turkey. It is based on eighteen months’ field research in the Uzunyayla plateau, Pınarbaşı district of Kayseri province, central Turkey. The Circassians (Çerkez) settled there are the descendants of refugees who fled from the Russian invasion of the Caucasus in the mid nineteenth century. “Memory” here is used in a broad sense to include the experiences and expressions of historical consciousness in everyday interactions, as well as articulated historical narratives. By interweaving them, the present work aims to analyse the political process involved in the production of knowledge about history and society. In efforts to reproduce a community in their new homeland, Circassians emphasise their history and collective identity. The local elites from noble (worq) families dominate such conservative, essentialist discourses, stressing their status superiority over ex-slave families. They recognise historical significance and identify the driving forces of their history by reference to specific social themes, such as the opposition between the two status groups. They monopolise history as a resource by excluding ex-slaves from the production of authoritative knowledge. Here, memory politics, consisting of space construction, control over interpersonal exchanges, and hierarchized personhood, plays a crucial role. In that process, ex-slaves become muted, made passively to embody a “feudal” past. By contrast, in Karakuyu, an affluent village also known as “Slave Village”, male comrades produce social relations different from elite representations by committing themselves to alcohol drinking. -
Human Dignity in Islam*
Mohammad Hashim Kamali Human Dignity in Islam* This article explores human dignity through a reading of the Qur‟an and hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad), the two most authoritative and widely venerated sources of Islam. It is presented in four sections, beginning with a review of the textual evidence on human dignity, to be followed by a similar review of God-man relationship, then also a discussion as to how the Qur‟an guides and depicts as to how the humans should relate to one another while observant of each other‟s dignity. The discussion proceeds to examine the juristic positions of the leading schools of Islamic law on the subject, and ends with a conclusion that underscores the effects of these guidelines on the realities of Muslim life. I begin, however, with a note on the meaning of dignity and its implications on basic rights and duties, the two major components of justice in the Islamic tradition that evidently serve to provide a more substantive basis of commitment to human dignity. To discriminate against a person in terms of race and religion, before the law and before the courts of justice naturally compromises the human dignity of its victim. Dignity would similarly have little meaning when a person is subjected to acts of oppression and injustice without cause or when deprived of due process of justice. Dignity is a composite concept that can embrace a variety of objective values and those which may be relative and subjective in the context of particular legal and cultural traditions. The values that dignity subsumes are also liable to change with new developments in science and technology as well as the mobility and interaction of peoples and cultures. -
Egypt's Ruin, a Financial and Administrative Record
^<y> // EGYPT'S RUIN A FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD t^ •*• BY \ « Theodore' rothstein WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY WILFRID SCAWEN BLUNT Sir, there it itill corn in Egypt, and there are not wanting thoie who are ready to reap where they have not lown. But I truit that they may fail in their machination*, and that better days and a more lasting, became a more tecurely founded, protperity may yet be in itore for that interesting and hospitable country, and for iti ••,* amiable, peaceful, and industrious inhabitants." Sir Supitu Cave in tkt Houtt of Commou. LONDON A. C. FIFIELD, 13, CLIFFORD'S INN 1910 . ' CONTENTS rAcc Introduction by Wilfrid Scawkn Blunt . vii England's Pledges xvii PART I THE SPOLIATION OF EGYPT cHArriR I. The Beginning of Aggression . II. Egykf in the Grip of the Bondholders III. "La Haute Finance" IV. The Bondholders at Work V. The European Ministry and the First Revolt 6o VI. The Overthrow of the Europeans . 75 VII. The Coup d'etat ^ VIII. Egypt under the Dual Control . 106 PART II THE OCCUPATION OF EGYPT IX. The Revolution of September, 1881 . X. England's Attitude of Pe.\ce and War XI. Intrigues for Intervention XII. Diplomatists as Agents- Provocateurs " XIII. The Pogrom " at Alexandria . '9 . XIV. The Diplomacy of Big Guns -S WILUAU BSBMOOM AND SON, LTOk rdHTKRS, rLYUOUTH XV. The Seizure of Egypt • VI Contents PART III THE ADMINISTRATION OF EGYPT XVI. The Financial Achievements of Lord INTRODUCTION Cromer . 241 XVII. The Same (continued) .... 256 GLADSTONE used to excuse himself, a genera- XVIII. The Abolition of the Corvee and the MR. -
Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque and India's Cries to British Humanity
COLONIAL VOICES Revised First Edition Edited by M. L. Brillman Florida International University Bassim Hamadeh, CEO and Publisher Kassie Graves, Director of Acquisitions Jamie Giganti, Senior Managing Editor Jess Estrella, Senior Graphic Designer Carrie Montoya, Manager, Revisions and Author Care Kaela Martin, Associate Editor Natalie Lakosil, Licensing Manager Joyce Lue, Interior Designer Abbey Hastings, Associate Production Editor Copyright © 2017 by Cognella, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information retrieval system without the written permission of Cognella, Inc. Cover image: Copyright © in the Public Domain. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-5165-1521-9 (pbk)/ 978-1-5165-1522-6 (br) CONTENTS Introduction ix PART I: INITIAL ENCOUNTERS Journal of Christopher Columbus’s First Voyage 3 Christopher Columbus An Account, Much Abbreviated, of the Destruction of the Indies 17 Bartolomé de Las Casas PART II: WOMEN The True History of the Conquest of New Spain 45 Bernal Diaz del Castillo Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque 55 Fanny Parks India’s Cries to British Humanity 61 James Peggs Comfort Woman: A Filipina’s Story of Prostitution and Slavery Under the Japanese Military 65 Maria Rosa Henson PART III: SLAVERY Equiano’s Travels 85 Olaudah Equiano The Negro in the Caribbean 117 Eric Williams PART IV: ECONOMICS Imperialism: A Study 127 J. -
Members of the Council of the Society
Registered Charity 276264 Founded in 1927 to preserve and improve the amenities of Chelsea for the public benefit. Members of the Council of The Society as at the first AGM on 16th May 1928 Mr. C.H. St. John Hornby (1867-1946) - Chairman 1923 - National Portrait Gallery, London Charles Harold St John Hornby was born on 25 June 1867 at Much Dewchurch, Herefordshire, the eldest son of the Reverend Charles Edward Hornby, then a curate, and his wife, Harriet, daughter of the Revd Henry Turton, who was the vicar of Betley, Staffordshire. He was educated at Harrow and New College, Oxford, where he received a bachelor's degree in classics. In 1892, Hornby was called to the bar, but his friend Freddy Smith offered him a partnership in WH Smith, the family business. He was quickly given increasing responsibility for handling the firm's external relations. This included dealing with the new breed of newspaper and magazine proprietors, such as Alfred Harmsworth, whose brashness was antipathetic to the older partners. It also included negotiating the contracts with railway companies for the operation of bookstalls on stations and the sale of advertising spaces which at that time constituted the bulk of the firm's business. This most dramatic episode in the firm's history pointed the way to the future structure of its business, centred on shops rather than stalls on stations, and established Hornby's position as the strategist of the firm. During the First World War he bore even more responsibility, as four of the six partners left on military service. -
French Perceptions of Britain from Fashoda to the Boer War
Cross Channel Reflections : French Perceptions of Britain from Fashoda to the Boer War. John Edward Blockley. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 1 Statement of Originality. I, John Edward Blockley, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: John Edward Blockley. Date: 10 July 2014 Acknowledgement of Support. This work was supported by a Queen Mary, University of London, French studies bursary. Abstract. This Thesis adopts a variety of different approaches in order to throw light on French perceptions of the British at the turn of the twentieth century. Introduction, chapters one and two set these in the broader context of nineteenth-century attitudes, in particular the genre of invasion literature, and the corpus of work produced by writers from the Ecole Libre, Paris.