Sessea corymbiflora Cestrum euanthes Schl. 792 Goudot ex Rich. coerana folha sedativa, útil no combate a epilepsia ↓ ─ ─ [Solanacea] Taylor & R. Phillips Sessea vestioides Cestrum vestioides Schl. 793 coerana folha sedativa, útil no combate a epilepsia ↓ ─ ─ (Schltdl.) Hunz. [Solanacea]

Solanum Solanum gilo Raddi 794 jiló fruto submetido a cocção é tônico ↑ ─ ─ aethiopicum L.* [Solanacea]

herva moura, aguaraquía, aguaraquiá-açú, caaxixá, Solanum caraxiocu, guaraquim, partes verdes do fruto contém substância narcótica sobre o cerebelo, Solunum aguaraquiya 795 aguaraquiya herva de bicho, maria bulbo e medula vertebral e sedativa nas crises dolorosas de diversas ↓ ─ ─ Piso [Solanacea] Sendtn.* preta, pimenta, pimenta de naturezas, anafrodisíaco cachorro, pimenta de galinha, sué

caule e base dos pecíolos apresenta substância estupefaciente energico e causa convulsões, ingestão em alta dose provoca anciedade e ─ ─ Solanum Solanum dulcamara L. doce-amarga, dulcamara, ɤ 796 insomnia dulcamara L.* [Solanacea] maria preta

cataplasma da folha calmante ↓ ─ ─

Solanum Solanum fastigiatum pimenta-de-queimar, 797 fruto poderoso estimulante interno ↑ ─ ─ fastigiatum Willd.* Blume [Solanacea] pimenta-de-caiena

Solanum Solanum fastigiatum 798 jurubeba raiz e fruto tônicos ↑ ─ ─ fastigiatum Willd.* Willd. [Solanacea]

jurubeba de espinho, juá- bravo, jubeba, jumbeva, Solanum Solanum insidisiosum juribeba, jurubeba, 799 raiz e fruto tônicos ↑ ─ ─ insidiosum Mart. Mart. [Solanacea] jurumbeba, juripeba, juúna, juvena, juveva, jouveva

carurú de espinho, Solanum juciri Solanum juciri M. 800 jiquirioba, joá, juciri, raiz e folha calmantes ↓ ─ ─ Mart. [Solanacea] juquery

138 couvetinga, caavitinga, Solanum Solanum auriculatum Ait. caavone, capoeira branca, 801 mauritianum fruto calmante ↓ ─ ─ [Solanacea] fructa de guara, fructa de Scop. lobo, fumo bravo

fenóis, Reyes e Cisneros- antocianinas / Zevallos, 2003 tubérculo fenóis / tubérculo Parr et al., 2005 Turakainen et al., alcalóides / carne do tuberculo analeptico e suco ligeiramente narcótico ↑ 2004; Nikolic e tubérculo Stankovic, 2003 Solanum Solanum tuberosum L. 802 batata ingleza, batatinha tuberosum L. [Solanacea] ácidos graxos / Dobson et al., tubérculo 2004 carotenóides / Breithaupt e tubérculo Bamedi, 2002 alcalóides / Sotelo e Serrano,

casca 2000 sesquiterpenos / Szafranek et al.,

folha 2006

Solanum variabile Solanum variabile Mart. 803 jupicanga folha e raiz tônicas ↑ ─ ─ Mart. [Solanacea]

Sterculiaceae

Cola acuminata flavonóides, Cola acuminataSchott e coleira, kolateira, obi, oby, semente utilisada como masticatório estimulante, reparador de forças, Atawodi et al., 804 (P. Beauv.) Schott ↑ alcalóide / Endl. [Esterculiacea] oubi, oróbó calmante da fome, aphrodisiaco (indigenas da Africa ocidental) 2007 & Endl.* castanha

Pterygota alata Sterculia alata Roxb. 805 taola semente narcótica, empregada para o mesmo fim do ópio (Índia) ↓ ─ ─ (Roxb.) R. Br.* [Esterculiacea]

polpa da semente fermentada dá bebida vinosa (aborigenes brasileiros), Theobroma cacao Theobroma cacao L. alcalóide / Bucheli et al., 806 cacaoeiro possui substância com poderosa propriedade tonificante, reduzido a pó L. [Esterculiacea] ɤ semente 2001 tem propriedade estimulante

139 Waltheria Waltheria communis St.- 807 communis A. St.- douradinha do campo estimulante ↑ ─ ─ Hil. [Esterculiacea] Hil. Symplocaceae Symplocos Symplocos platyphylla 808 platyphylla (Pohl) sete-sangrias casca da raiz tônica ↑ ─ ─ Benth. [Simplocacea] Benth. Theaceae

infusão da folha suavemente estimulante, desenvolve atividade cerebral, emagrece, provoca insomnia, movimentos convulsivos e vertigens, em Chandra e Mejia, ↑ fenóis / folha altas temperaturas ou doses excessivas pode tornar-se narcótica, excita 2004 as faculdades da alma Camellia sinensis Camelia thea Link 809 chá da Índia (L.) Kuntze* [Ternstroemiacea]

saponinas / Morikawa et al.,

semente 2006 Yoshikawa et al., saponinas / flor 2005

alcalóide, Lin et al., 2003 flavonóides / flor Tiliaceae

Tilia cordata Miller folha e flor infusão dá bebida calmante, contra crises nervosas e vômitos 810 Tilia cordata Mill.* tília ↓ ─ ─ [Tiliacea] nervosos

Turneraceae

fenóis, Turnera diffusa Turnera diffusa Willd. tônica, estimulante, aphrodisiaca, tônico geral na neurasthenia e 811 damiana ↑ flavonóides / Zhao et al., 2007 Willd. ex Schult. [Turneracea] impotencia folha

Turnera opifera Turnera opifera M. tônica, estimulante, aphrodisiaca, tônico geral na neurasthenia e 812 damiana, chanana ↑ ─ ─ Mart. [Turneracea] impotencia

140 Turnera rupestris Turnera rupestrisAubl. 813 chá da terra útil contra as doenças nervosas ─ ─ Aubl. [Turneracea]

Turnera ulmifolia Turnera ulmifolia L. 814 albina, chanãna tônica ↑ ─ ─ L. [Turneracea]

Valerianaceae

sedativa, ligeiramente narcótica, suco fresco causa breve excitação nervosa, em doses altas causa vertigem e alterações dos sentidos da compostos Valeriana Valeriana officinalis L. Letchamo et al., 815 herva de gato, valeriana vista e audição, empregada nos casos de exagerada excitabilidade voláteis / partes officinalis L. [Valerianacea] ɤ 2004 psíquica e sensorial, na insônia e nos estados excitativos de depressão subterrâneas nervosa e histeria, ação sedativa na epilepsia

Verbenaceae

compostos Aloysia citriodora Lippia citriodora HBK. cidrão, cidrilha, cidró, folha e flor úteis contra doenças nervosas (melancholia, hypocondria, 816 voláteis / follha e Gil et al., 2007 Palau [Verbenacea] herva cidreira, salva-limão hysteria) ɤ flor

Aloysia gratissima Lippia lycioides Steud. 817 (Gillies & Hook.) cidrão excitante ↑ ─ ─ [Verbenacea] Tronc.

siriúba, ceri, canoé, Avicennia marina Avicennia officinalis L. sereiba-tinga, mangue- quinonas / 818 afrodisíaca ↑ Han et al., 2007 (Forssk.) Vierh. [Verbenacea] amarelo, mangue-branco, ramos mangue-siriba

Clerodendrum Volkameria aculeata L. 819 aculeatum (L.) volcana-de-espinho casca tônica ↑ ─ ─ [Verbenacea] Schltdl. Duranta repens L. fruta de jacu, fruteira de 820 Duranta erecta L. flor excitante ↑ ─ ─ [Verbenacea] jacu, violeteira

141 cambará de espinho, cambará de cheiro, cambará de chumbo, flavonóides, Lantana camara Lantana camara L. Begum et al., 821 cambará juba, cambará folha tônica ↑ triterpenos / L. [Verbenacea] 2000 miúdo, cambará partes aéreas verdadeiro, cambará vermelho

Lantana Lantana microphylla M. 822 alecrim do campo fruto tônico e estimulante ↑ ─ ─ microphylla Mart. [Verbenacea]

Lantana mixta Lantana mixta L. 823 cambará de duas cores folha estimulante ↑ ─ ─ Medik. [Verbenacea]

capitão do matto, camará, Lippia pseudo- Lippia pseudo-thea 824 chá de frade, chá de folha estimulante ↑ ─ ─ thea Schauer Schau. [Verbenacea] pedestre, cidrilha

Stachytarpheta Valerianoides gervão roxo, gervão das 825 cayennensis cayennense Kuntze taperas, rinchão, verbena estimulante ↑ ─ ─ (Rich.) Vahl [Verbenacea] falsa

Valerianoides Valerianoides 826 jamaicense (L.) jamaicense Kuntze gervão verdadeiro infusão da folha estimulante e tônica ↑ ─ ─ Kuntze [Verbenacea]

herva de ferro, ferraria, Verbena officinalis Verbena officinalis L. inflorescência e folha contêm substância tônica, tônico amargo nos 827 herva ferro, planta da ↑ ─ ─ L. [Verbenacea] casos de clorose sorte, verbena

Vitex agnus- Vitex agnus -castus L. fruto anti-aphrodisiaco (damas na antiga Grécia e sacerdotisa de Ceres 828 agno-casto ↓ ─ ─ castus L.* [Verbenacea] em Roma)

Vitaceae

Cissus biformifolia Vitis salutaris Baker 829 uva-do-campo fruto fermentado dá vinho ↓ ─ ─ Standl. [Vitacea]

flavonóides, 830 Vitis vinifera L.* Vitis vinifera L. [Vitacea] videira-da-Europa produz vinho ↓ estilbenos, Thimothe et al., antocianinas / 2007 fruto

142 Cortell et al., antocianinas / 2007a; Cortell et fruto al., 2007b; Agati et al., 2007 carotenóides / Bindon et al., fruto 2007 antocianinas / Fernández et al., casca do fruto e 2007 semente fenóis, estilbenos, Stagos et al., flavonóides / 2007 fruto flavonóide, antocianidina, Cortell e Kennedy, antocianina / 2006 fruto taninos, flavonóides, Boido et al., 2006 antocianinas / casca do fruto antocianinas, flavonóides / Monagas et al., casca do fruto, 2006 folha e bagaço Corcho-Corral et fenóis / fruto al., 2005 monoterpenos / Luan et al., 2004 fruto antocianinas, procianidinas, Selga et al., 2004 fenóis / fruto e caule procianidinas, flavonóides / Torres et al., 2002 fruto e caule esteres, alcoóis, compostos voláteis, ácidos Boido et al., 2003 graxos / casca do fruto

143 tiocompostos, fenóis, Torres e Bobet, flavonóides / 2001 fruto e caule

alcoóis, monoterpenos, ácidos graxos, Wirth et al., 2001 cetonas / folha e fruto Krasnow e estilbenos / fruto Murphy, 2004; Adrian et al., 2000 monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, Bureau et al., fenóis, alcoóis, 2000 fenilpropanóides, esteres / fruto flavonóides / Aron e Kennedy, fruto 2007 tiocompostos / Gachons et al., fruto 2000 flavonóides / Cadot et al., 2006 semente procianidinas, Janisch et al., flavonóides / 2006 semente procianidinas, flavonóides, Castillo et al., ácidos graxos / 2000 semente flavonóides / Cortell et al., 2005 semente e casca flavonóides, Monagas et al., fenóis / semente 2003 e casca procianidinas / Simonetti et al., semente 2002 procianidinas, Peng et al., 2001 fenóis / semente

fenóis, flavonóides / Koşar et al., 2007 folha

144 monoterpenos, Hampel et al., sesquiterpenos / 2005 folha estilbenos, Püssa et al., 2006 fenóis / caule antocianinas / Schwarz et al., vinho 2003 flavonóides / Castillo-Muñoz et vinho e casca al., 2007 Tominaga e Dubourdieu, 2006; tiocompostos / Tominaga et al., vinho 2003; Tominaga et al., 2000 alcoóis, esteres, aldeidos, Koundouras et al., compostos 2006 voláteis, fenóis / vinho e fruto Schwarz et al., fenóis / vinho 2004a sesquiterpenos, Baltenweck-Guyot fenilpropanóides et al., 2000 Waffo-Teguo et estilbenos al., 2001 Vochysiaceae

gomeira, árvore da goma arábica, árvore do vinho, Vochysia Vochysia thyrsoidea goma arábica da lagoa 831 seiva submetida a fermentação dá um líquido alcoólico potável ↓ ─ ─ thyrsoidea Pohl Pohl. [Voquisiacea] santa, gomeiro de minas, pau d'água, pau de vinho, vinheiro do campo

vinheiro-do-mato, caixeta, cinzeira, guaricica, congonha-de-bugre, pau- Vochysia Vochysia tucanorum M. doce, pau-de-tucano, pau- 832 seiva submetida à fermentação dá bebida vinosa ↓ ─ ─ tucanorum Mart. [Voquisiacea] de-vinho, vinheiro, moreci- grande, congonha-de- folha-amargosa, pau-de- caixa

145 Vochysia Vochysia tucanorum guaricica branca, guaricica fornece líquido vinoso chamado vinho que pode embriagar as pessoas 833 ↓ ─ ─ tucanorum Mart. [Voquisiacea] vermelha em quantidade exagerada

Winteraceae

casca de anta, caataya, canella amarga, Drimys winteri Drimys winteri Forst. capororoca picante, 834 J.R. Forst. & G. casca tônica e util nos casos de fraqueza ↑ ─ ─ [Magnoliacea] carned'anta, cataya, Forst. melambo, paratudo, pau- para-tudo

Zingiberaceae Cheilocostus Costus speciosus Smith canna de macaco, canella 835 speciosus (J. rizoma tônico ↑ ─ ─ [Zingiberacea] de ema, canna do brejo König) C. Specht*

canna de macaco, canna do brejo, canna do matto, Costus spicatus Costus spicatusSw. 836 canna roxa, jacuacanga, haste tônica ↑ ─ ─ (Jacq.) Sw. [Zingiberacea] paco-caatinga, periná, ubacaia, ubacayá

canna de macaco, caatinga, canna branca, jacuanga, pacová, canna Costus spiralis Costus spiralisRosc. 837 do brejo, canna do matto, succo utilisado como calmante das excitações nervosas ↓ ─ ─ (Jacq.) Roscoe [Zingiberacea] jacuacanga, paco- caatinga, periná, ubacaia, ubacayá

sesquiterpenos / rizoma, raiz e Ma e Gang, 2006 folha Park et al., 2005; açafroeira,açafrão da Nishiyama et al., terra, açafroeiro da Índia, sesquiterpenos / 2005; Manzan et Curcuma longa L. rizoma excitante, cordial, em altas doses provoca embriagez, sono e 838 Curcuma longa L.* batatinha amarela, rizoma al., 2003; Braga et [Zingiberacea] delírio ɤ gengibre dourada e al., 2003; Gopalan mangarataia et al., 2000 monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos / Kim et al., 2003 rizoma fenóis, esteres / Park e Kim, 2002 146 rizoma

pacová, cardamomo-do- diterpenos, Etlingera elatior Alpinia speciosa Schum. mato, cana-do-brejo, cana- Mohamad et al., 839 semente e rizoma tônicos ↑ esteróides, (Jack) R.M. Sm.* [Zingiberiacea] do-mato, cardamomo- 2005 fenóis / rizoma falso, paco-seroca

pacová-catinga, caetá-açu, Renealmia alpinia Renealmia exaltata L. f. cardamomo-do-Brasil, 840 rizoma tônico ↑ ─ ─ (Rottb.) Maas [Zingiberiacea] cana-do-brejo, cana-do- mato

cardamomo da terra, Renealmia Renealmia occidentalis canna brava, canna do 841 rizoma tônico ↑ ─ ─ brasiliensis Maas Sweett [Zingiberacea] matto, capitiú, cuité-assú, paco-seroca, pacová

Renealmia Renealmia sylvestris cardamomo da terra, 842 sylvestris (Stokes) rizoma tônico ↑ ─ ─ Horan [Zingiberacea] matarana Horan. monoterpenos, diarilheptanoides Tao et al., 2008 / rizoma sesquiterpenos / Wohlmuth et al., rizoma 2006 Zingiber officinale Zingiber zingiber Karst. 843 gengibre tônico e afrodisiaco (África do norte) ↑ Roscoe* [Zingiberiacea] monoterpenos / Sekiwa-Iijima et rizoma al., 2001 Wohlmuth et al., fenóis / rizoma 2005 ácidos graxos / Kato et al., 2006 rizoma Zygophyllaceae

Guaiacum Guaiacum officinale L. 844 guaiaco lenho e resina poderoso estimulante ↑ ─ ─ officinale L. [Zigofilacea]

* Espécies exóticas

147 Tabela 3 - Princípios ativos das 142 espécies que apresentaram estudos atuais. Espécie Atual Princípios Ativos Referências Anacardiaceae

furfuril mercaptana, alcool benzilico, δ-octalactona, γ-decalactona, eugenol, ácido benzoico, ácido isovalerico, feniletanol, 2- metoxifenol, 2,3-butanodiona, butanoato de butila, 1-hidroxi-2-propanona, tetradecano, 2-ciclohexen-1-ona, trans-oxido de linalol, 2,6,11-trimetildodecano, 2-furfural, acetato de 2-hexila, diacetato de 1,2-etanodiol, 2-etilhexanol, 2-metiltetradecano, pentadecano, 4- metil-3-heptanol, ácido propanoico, ácido 2-metilpropanoico, hexadecano, mentol, 2-metilhexadecano, ácido isovalerico, hexadeceno, heptadecano, 2-(2-butoxietoxi)etanol, octadecano, 2-butiloctanol, 2-metoxifenol, álcool benzílico, nonadecano, 2-fenil-1-etanol, Moreira et al., 2002 hexanoato de (Z)-3-hexenila, δ-octalactona, dietileno glicol, eicosano, 2-hexil-1-octanol, heneicosano, hexadecanal, γ-decalactona, eugenol, ácido nonanoico, docosano, tricosano, tetracosano, ácido benzoico, pentacosano, 5-(hidroximetil)furfural, ácido benzenoacético, 1-octadecanol, hexacosano, ácido benzenopropanoico, 1-eicosanol, nonacosano, ácido hexadecanoico, 1- heneicosanol, 1-docosanol, ácido oléico, 1-hexacosanol, 17-pentatriaconteno, 1-heptacosanol 1 Anacardium occidentale L.

Phani Kumar et al., 2002; ácido anacardico, cardol e cardanol Paramashivappa et al., 2001

β-sitosterol, campesterol, estigmasterol, ∆5-avenasterol, sitostanol, campestanol Phillips et al., 2005

(Z)-3-hexenol, benzaldeido, decanal, butanoato de etila, 3-metilbutanoato de etila, 2-metilbutanoato de etila, pentanoato de etila, 2- metil-2-butenoato de etila, 3-metil-butanoato de propila, hexanoato de etila, hexanoato de isobitila, benzoato de etila, octanoato de Carasek e Pawliszyn, 2006 etila, isovalerato de hex-(3Z)-enila, decanoato de etila, (E)-cinamato de etila, limoneno, α-ocimeno, α-copaeno, β-cariofileno, α- cariofileno, acetofenona, benzofenona, γ-dodelactona

disulfuretina {2,2`-[1,2-bis(3,4-dihidroxifenil)-1,2-etanodilideno]-bis[6-hidroxi-3(2H)-benzofuranona]}, sulfuretina , sulfureina, ácido 2 Cotinus coggygria Scop.* Westenburg et al., 2000 galico, galato de metila e pentagaloilglucose

formiato de octila, tricicleno, α-pineno, canfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, β-mirceno, O-metil-cresol, p-cimeno, limoneno, (Z)-β-ocimeno, (E)-β-ocimeno, α-terpinoleno, epóxido de α-pineneo, linalool, perileno, cis-verbenol, α-canfolenal, trans-pinocarveol, trans-verbenol, Koutsoudaki et al., 2005 epóxido de β-pineno, mirtenal, α-terpineol, mirtenol, verbenona, trans-carveol, diidrocarveol, neral, acetato de linalila, (E)-anetol, acetato de α-fenchila, aceato de nerila, α-copaeno, β-cariofileno, α-humuleno, (E)-metilisoeugenol, (Z,Z)-farnesol, (E,Z)-farnesol 3 Pistacia lentiscus L.* α-pineno, canfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, β-mirceno, α -felandreno, α-terpineno, p-cimeno, ioneno, β-felandreno, γ-terpineno, α- terpinoleno, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, β-cariofileno, germacreno D, δ-cadineno, tricicleno, α-tujeno, 2-nonanona, linalool, α- fencocanfona, isovalerato de isoamila, cis-para-ment-2-en-1-ol, trans-para-ment-2-en-1-ol, borneol, ascaridol, óxido de carvona cis, Barra et al., 2007 ascaridol glicol trans, acetato de bornila, 2-undecanona, 4-hidroxi-cripton, δ-elemeno, α-copaeno, β-elemeno, metil eugenol, benzoato de 2-metilbutila, α-humuleno, alo-aromadendreno, cis-muurola-4-(14),5-dieno, trans-cadina-1(6),4-dieno, γ-amorfeno, trans- calamenene trans, cubenol, valerianol Annonaceae

mistura de epimeros de annomolona A e 34-epi-annomolona A e mistura de epimeros de annomolona B e 34-epi-annomolona B Son et al., 2003 4 Annona cherimolia Mill.* annomolina e annoquerimolina Kim et al., 2001

5 Annona glabra L. annoglabaina Chen et al., 2004

148 annoglabasina C (éster 17-metílico do ácido 16α-acetoxi-ent-cauran-19-oico), annoglabasina D (éster 17-metílico do 16α-acetoxi-ent- cauran-19-al), annoglabasina E (ácido 16α-hidro-19-ol-ent-cauran-17-oico), annoglabasina F (éster 17-metílico do 16α-acetoxi-19-nor- Chen et al., 2000 ent-cauran-4α-ol), ácido 16α-metoxi-ent-cauran-19-oico e éster 17,19-dimetílico do 16α-hidro-ent-caurano

muricina H, muricina I, cis-annomontacina, annonacian, annonacinona, annomontacina, murisolian, xylomaticina, cis-corossolona, Liaw et al., 2002 annocatalina, annonacina, annonacinona, solamina e corossolona 6 Annona muricata L.* muricinas A−G, muricatetrocina A, muricatetrocina B, longifolicina, corossolina e corossolona Chang e Wu, 2001 cohibinas C e D Gleye et al., 2000 ciclosquamosina H e I, esquamina A, esquamina B, ciclosquamosina A, ciclosquamosina D, ciclosquamosina E e Yang et al., 2008 querimolaciclopeptideo B samoquasina A Morita et al., 2000

7 Anona squamosa L.* annomosina A (16β-hidroxi-19-al-ent-cauran-17-oato de 16β-hidroxi-19-al-ent-cauran-17-ila) (1), annosquamosina C (16α,17-didroxi- 19-nor-ent-cauran-4α-ol) (2), annosquamosina D (16β-acetoxi-17-hidroxi-19-nor-ent-cauran-4α-ol) (3), annosquamosina E (4α-formil- Yang et al., 2002 16β-hidroxi-17-acetoxi-19-nor-ent-caurano) (4), annosquamosina F (4β-hidroperóxido-16β-hidroxi-17-acetoxi-18-nor-ent-caurano) (5), annosquamosina G (4β-hydroperoxido-16β,17-diidroxi-18-nor-ent-kaurano), ácido 16α-hidroxi-19-al-ent-cauran-17-óico

asimitrina e 4-hidroxitrilobina Kim et al., 2005 8 Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal* asitrocina, (2,4)-cis- e (2,4)-trans-asitrocinona Kim et al., 2000 mucoxina Narayan e Borhan, 2006 Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) 9 (+)-Muconina e (−)-muricatacina Yoshimitsu et al., 2004 Baill.* rollicosina Liaw et al., 2003

Apiaceae

Jirovetz et al., 2003; Zheljazkov e d-limoneno e d-carvona Warman, 2004; López et al., 2005 10 Anethum graveolens L.* β-D-glucopiranosídeos de 9-hidroxipiperitona, p-ment-2-ene-1,6-diol, 8-hidroxigeraniol, β-D-glucosídeo 8-hidroxigeraniol , β-D- glucosídeo, ácido (E)-2,6-dimetil-6-hidroxi-octa-2,7-dienoic, 3-hidroxi-α-ionol, 3-hidroxi-β-ionol 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo, ácido Bonnländer e Winterhalter, 2000 clorogênico, (Z)-3-hexenil-β-D-glucopiranosídeo e quercetina 3-O-β-D-glucuronideo luteolina-7-O-apiosilglucosídeo, luteolina-7-O-glucosídeo, apigenina-7-O-apiosilglucosídeo, crisoeriol-7-O-apiosilglucosídeo, crisoeriol- Lin et al., 2007 7-O-glucosídeo α-tocoferol Ching e Mohamed, 2001 11 Apium graveolens L.* sedanolido, senkyunolido-N e senkyunolido-J Momin e Nair, 2001 β-selineno, 3-n-butil-4,5-dihidroftalideo e 5-alil-2-metoxifenol Momin et al., 2000 12 Carum carvi L. * carvona, limoneno, germacreno D e trans-diidrocarvonea Iacobellis et al., 2005

149 limoneno/carvona Ahro et al., 2001

α-tujeno, canfeno, sabineno, α-felandreno, p-cimeno, 1,8-cineol, limoneno, β-felandreno, terpinoleno, borneol, α-terpineol, acetato de fenchila, nerol, (E)-2-decenal, (Z)-anetol, (E)-anetol, apiol, transanetol, canfora, cariofileno, oxido de cariofileno, estragol, eugenol, Cantore et al., 2004 fenchona, geraniol, acetato de geranila, linalool, mirceno, nerol, α-felandreno, α-pineno, β-pineno, α-terpineno, γ-terpineno, terpineol, tricicleno e timol derivados alifáticos [(2E)-alcenos e alcanos] Kubo et al., 2004 13 Coriandrum sativum L.* α-tocoferol, β-tocoferol, γ-tocoferol, δ-tocoferol, β-caroteno, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, ∆5- Ramadan et al., 2003 avenasterol, ∆7-avenasterol decanal, (E)-2-decenal, linalool, dodecanal, (E)-2-dodecenal Fan e Sokorai, 2002

α-pineno, canfeno, β-pineno, sabineno, mirceno, limoneno, γ-terpineno, p-cimeno, terpinoleno, linalool, canfora, terpinen-4-ol, (E)-2,2- Gil et al., 2002; Smallfield et al., decenal, α-terpineol, acetato de geranila e geraniol 2001

α-pineno, canfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, mirceno, p-cimeno, limoneno, (Z)-β-ocimeno, γ-terpineno, terpinen-4-ol, acetato de bornila, metileugenol, α-cedreno, β-cedreno, trans-α-bergamoteno, veratraldeido, (E)-β-farneseno, (E)-metilisoeugenol, germacreno D, 6-epi- Rossi et al., 2007 shiobunono, β-selineno, α-selineno, β-bisaboleno, shyobunona, elemicina, (E)-α-bisaboleno, 11α-himachal-4-en-1β-ol, (E)-asarona, α- bisabolol, eudesm-7(11)-en-4α-ol, isocalamendiol sabineno, β-pineno, (Z) β-ocimeno e limoneno Nissinen et al., 2005

(Z)-heptadeca-1,9-dieno-4,6-diin-3-ol (falcarinol), (Z)-heptadeca-1,9-dieno-4,6-diino-3,8-diol (falcarindiol) e (Z)-3-acetoxiheptadeca- Baranska et al., 2005 1,9-dieno-4,6-diin-8-ol (3-acetato de falcarindiol)

ácido 5-O-trans-cafeoilquinico, ácido 5-O-cis-cafeoilquinico, ácido O-trans-p-cumaroilquinico, ácido O-cis-p-cumarolquinico Klaiber et al., 2005 α-tocoferol, licopeno, α-caroteno e β-caroteno Koch e Goldman, 2004

14 Daucus carota L.* adutos vinilcatecólicos de cianidina 3-O-(6-O-feruloil-β-D-glucopiranosil)-(1→6)-[β-D-xilopiranosil-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopiranosideo e Schwarz et al., 2004b cianidina 3-O-[β-D-xilopiranosil-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopiranosideo

3-xilosil glucosilgalactosideo de cianidina e 3-xiloxil galactosideo de cianidina Turker et al., 2004 α-caroteno, β-caroteno, licopeno e luteina Surles et al., 2004 (-)-α-pineno, β-mirceno, (-)-limoneno, (+)-limoneno, (+)-sabineno, γ-terpineno, p-cimeno, terpinoleno, β-cariofileno, α-humuleno e (E)- Kjeldsen et al., 2003 e (Z)-γ-bisaboleno 2,4,5-trimetoxibenzaldeido, ácido oleico, trans-asarona e geraniol Momin e Nair, 2002

α-pineno, canfeno, β-pineno, sabineno, α-felandreno, β-mirceno, α-terpineno, limoneno, β-felandreno, γ-terpineno, (E)-β-ocimeno, p- cimeno, terpinoleno, octanal, 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ona, p-cimeno, R-copaeno, canfora, acetato de bornila, β-cariofileno, timol metil éter, Kjeldsen et al., 2001 aromadendreno, (Z)-β-farneseno, α-humuleno, (E)-β-farneseno, valenceno, acetato de α-terpinila, β-bisaboleno, (E,E)-α-farneseno, (E)-γ-bisaboleno, α-zingibereno, (Z)-γ-bisaboleno, β-ionona, óxido de cariofileno, elemicina, miristicina trans-anetol, 4-metoxibenzoato de metila, 4-metoxibenzaldeido, ácido 4-metoxibenzoico, ácido 3,4-dimetoxibenzoico, ácido 4-hidroxi- 15 Foeniculum vulgare Mill.* 3-metoxibenzoico, 5-metoxipsoraleno, ácido cafeico, 3-butil-5-hidroxiftalato, 3-butil-5-metoxiftalato, treo-anethodiol, eritro-anetodiol e Subehan et al., 2007 D-manitol trans-anetol Díaz-Maroto et al., 2006 trans-anetol, estragol e fenchona Díaz-Maroto et al., 2005 150 carvacrol, 1,8-cineol, fenchona e trans-anetol Dadaliolu e Evrendilek, 2004

ácido p-hidroxi-O-glucosilbenzoico, ácido 3-cafeoilquinico (ácido neoclorogênico), ácido 5-cafeoilquinico (ácido clorogênico), esculetina-O-glucosideo (esculina), ácido 1-cafeoilquinico, ácido 3-feruloilquínico, ácido 4-cafeoilquinico (ácido criptoclorogenico), isoramnetina-O-dihexosideo 1, isoramnetina-O-dihexosideo 2, 6,8-C-dihexosilapigenina, ácido 4-cumaroilquinico, ácido 5- cumaroilquinico, ácido 5-feruloilquinico, quercetina-O-dihexosideo 1, ácido 1-feruloilquinico, quercetina-O-dihexosideo 2, ácido 4- feruloilquinico, quercetina-3-O-rutinosideo (rutina), eriodictiol-7-O-rutinosideo (eriocitrina), luteolina-7-O-rutinosideo, quercetina-3-O- Parejo et al., 2004a galactosideo (hiperosideo), naringerina-7-O-rutinosideo (narirutina), quercetina-3-O-glucosideo (isoquercitrina), caempferol-3-O- rutinosideo, caempferol-3-O-glucosideo, isoramnetina-3-O-rutinosideo, quercetina-3-O-glucuronideo (miquelianina), luteolina-7-O- glucuronideo, isoramnetina-3-O-galactosideo, isoramnetin-3-O-glucosideo, ácido 1,3-dicafeoilquinico, ácido dicafeoilquinico, ácido 1,5- dicafeoilquinico, caempferol-3-O-glucuronideo, isoramnetin-3-O-glucuronideo, ácido rosmarinico, apigenina-7-O-glucuronideo, acacetina-7-O-rutinosideo, acacetina, caempferol, naringenina e isoramnetina

(+)-fenchona, p-anisaldeido, (−)-fenchona, benzoato de benzila, timol e estragol Lee, 2004

ácido 3-cafeoilquinico, ácido 5-cafeoilquinico, ácido 4-cafeoilquinico, ácido rosmarinico, eriodictiol -7-O-rutinosideo, quercetina-3-O- glucuronideo, quercetina-3-O-rutinosideo, caempferol-3-O-rutinosideo, ácido 1,5-O-dicafeoil quinico, quercetina-3-O-galactosideo, Parejo et al., 2004b quercetina-3-O-glucosideo, caempferol-3-O-glucosideo

(+)-fenchona, ácido (E)-9-octadecenoico e ácido (Z)-9-octadecenoico Kim et al., 2002 α-felandreno, metil chavicol, trans-anetol, α-pineno, limoneno e trans-anetol Piccaglia e Marotti, 2001 ácido clorogenico, quercetina-3-O-β-D-glucuronideo, p-anisaldeido e trans-anetol Bilia et al., 2000

Apocynaceae

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. vimblastina, serpentina, preakuamicina, vindolina, catarantina, akuamicina, demetoxivindolina e ioimbina McCoy e O'Connor, 2006 16 Don vimblastina e vincristina Zheng e Wang, 2001

cardenolideos N-1, N-2, N-3 e N-4, 3β,14-diidroxi-5β,14β-card-20(22)-enolideo, 3β-O-(β-D-diginosil)-14-hidroxi-5β,14β-card-20(22)- enolideo, 3β-O-(β-D-diginosil)-14-hidroxi-5R,14β-card-20(22)-nolideo, 3β-O-(β-D-diginosil)-8,14-epoxi-5β,14β-carda-16,20(22)- 17 Nerium oleander L.* dienolideo, 3β-O-(β-D-diginosil)-8,14-epoxi-5β,14β-card-20(22)-enolideo, 3β-O-(β-D-diginosil)-8,14-dihidroxi-5β,14β-card-20(22)- Zhao et al., 2007 ienolideo,3β-O-(β-D-sarmentosil)-16β-acetoxi-14-hidroxi-5β,14β-card-20-(22)-enolideo, 16β-acetoxi-3β,14-diidroxi-5β,14β-card-20- (22)-enolideo e 3β-O-(β-D-diginosil)-16β-acetoxi-14-hidroxi-5β,14β-card-20(22)-enolideo

21-hidroxipregna-4,6-dieno-3,12,20-triona, 20R-hidroxipregna-4,6-dieno-3,12-diona,16β,17β-epoxi-12β-hidroxipregna-4,6-dieno-3,20- Bai et al., 2007 diona, 12β-hidroxipregna-4,6,16-trieno-3,20-diona (neridienona A) e 20S,21-dihidroxipregna-4,6-dieno-3,12-diona (neridienona B) 20β,28-epoxi-28α-metoxitaraxasteran-3β-ol, 20β,28-epoxitaraxaster-21-en-3β-ol, 28-nor-urs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol e 3β-hidroxiurs-12-en- Zhao et al., 2006 28-al

ácido oleanderico, oleanderolideo, 24-epi-ocotilol, ácido 3β-hidroxi-urs-12-en-28-oico (ácido ursólico), ácido 3β,27-dihidroxi-urs-12-en- 28-oico, ácido 3β,13β-dihidroxiurs-11-en-28-oico, 3β-hidroxiurs-12-en-28-al, 28-norurs-12-en-3β-ol, urs-12-en-3β-ol, urs-12-eno- Fu et al., 2005 3β,28-diol, ácido 3β-hidroxi-olean-12-en-28-oico (ácido oleanolico), ácido 3β,27-dihidroxi-12-olean-12-en-28-oico, ácido 3β-hidroxi- 20(29)-lupen-28-oico (ácido betulinico), 20(29)-lupeno-3β,28-diol (betulina) e (20S,24R)-epoxidamarano-3β,25-diol

151 oleandrina Tor et al., 2005 oleandrina, odorosideo, neritalosideo e aglicona oleandrigenina Wang et al., 2000

Aquifoliaceae

cafeina, ácido palmitico, fitol, ácido estearico, esqualeno e vitamina E Jacques et al., 2007 cafeina e teobromina Cardozo Jr. et al., 2007

Ilex paraguariensis A. St.- - Mejia et al., 2005 18 Hil. cafeina, teobromina, rutina, quercetina e caempferol Choi et al., 2005 epigalocatequina galato, ácido gálico e (+)catequina Chandra e Meija, 2004 cafeina, teobromina, fitol, vitamina E, esqualeno e estigmasterol Esmelindro et al., 2004

Araliaceae Wang et al., 2006; Gafner et al., ginsenosideos 2004 ginsenosideos (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re e Rg1) Corbit et al., 2005 19 Panax quinquefolius L.* ginsenosideos Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 e Rd Assinewe et al., 2003 ginsenosideo Rf e 24(R)-pseudoginsenosideo F11 Chan et al., 2000; Li et al., 2000

Arecaceae

20 Cocos nucifera L.* ácido laurico Laureles et al., 2002 21 Euterpe edulis Mart. cianidina, delfinidina, peonidina, pelargonidina, petunidina e malvidina Brito et al., 2007

Asclepiadaceae

calotropina, 16α-acetoxicalotropina , 15β-hidroxicalotropina , calactina, 15β-hidroxicalactina , 16α-acetoxicalactina , asclepina, 16α- acetoxiasclepina , 16α-hidroxiasclepina , uscaridina, uscarina , uzarigenina, afrogenina, éster metílico do ácido calactinico, 19-nor- 22 Asclepias curassavica L. Roy et al., 2005 16α-acetoxi-10β-hidroxiasclepina, 20β,21-Dihidroxipregna-4,6-dien-3-ona,14β-Hidroxiandrosta-4,6-dieno-3,17-diona e ácido 3,4-seco- urs-20(30)-en-3-oico

Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. éster metílico do ácido 19-Nor-10-hidrocalactinico, 18,20-Epoxicalotropina, uzarigenina, calactina, calotropina, 15β-hidroxicalotropina, Lhinhatrakool e Sutthivaiyakit, 23 Br.* éster metílico do ácido calactinico, éster metílico do ácido 19-carboxilcalactinico e acetato de taraxasterila 2006

Calotropis procera (Aiton) 24 2''-oxovoruscarina Quaquebeke et al., 2005 W.T. Aiton*

Asteraceae

guaianolideos hispidunolideos A e B, 15-Acetiloxi-8β-angeloiloxi-14-oxo-(4Z)-acantoespermolideo, 8β-Acetiloxi-15-angeloiloxi-14-oxo- Acanthospermum hispidum 25 (4Z)-acantoespermolideo, 9-Acetiloxi-8β-(2-metilbutanoiloxi)-14-oxo-(4Z)-acantoespermolideo, 9r-Acetiloxi-8β-angeloiloxi-14- Cartagena et al., 2000 DC. hidroxiacantoespermolideo, 9r-Acetiloxi-14-hidroxi-8β-(2-metilbutanoiloxi)-acantoespermolideo

152 26 Anthemis cotula L.* antecotulideo Meyer et al., 2005 hexanal, santolinatrieno, α-tujeno, α-pineno, α-fencheno, canfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, β-mirceno, α-felandreno, p-cimeno, 1,8-cineole, limoneno, γ-terpineno, trans-sabineno hidrato, óxido cis-linalool (furanóide), fenchona, óxido trans-linalool (furanóide), α-tujona, linalool, β-tujona, canfora, cis-β-epoxiocimeno, trans-sabinol, albeno, lavandulol, 4-terpineol, pulegano, acetato de trans- sabinenehidrato, acetato de bornila, acetato de trans-sabinil, acetato de isobornila, acetato de linalil, 7α-silfiperfol-5-eno, presilfiperfol- 7-eno, silfin-1-eno, eugenol, propanoato de linalil, propanoato de isobornila, petibreno, silfiperfol-6-eno, α-copaeno, modefeno, β- bourboneno, α-isocomeno, linalil 2-metilpropanoato, β-elemeno, petasiteno, cipereno, β-isocomeno, α-gurjuneno, linalil butanoatec, α- cedreno, β-cariofileno, α-santaleno, α-trans-bergamoteno, epi-β-santaleno, α-humuleno, β-santaleno, aromadendreno, β-bisaboleno, Blagojević et al., 2006 γ-humuleno, neril 2-metilpropanoato, (Z,E)-α-farneseno, β-selineno, allo-aromadendreno, biciclogermacreno, γ-gurjuneno, linalil 3- metilbutanoato, 3-metilbutanoato de bornila, δ-cadineno, cis-α-bisaboleno, mirtenil 3-metilbutanoato, neril 3-metilbutanoato, neril 2- 27 Artemisia absinthium L.* metilbutanoato, óxido de cariofileno, geranil 3-metilbutanoato, geranil 2-metilbutanoato, óxido de humuleno II, β-eudesmol, valeranono, α-bisabolol, chamazuleno, (E,E)-farnesal, (E,E)-farnesil acetato, propanoato de trans-nerolidil, hexahidrofarnesil acetona, (Z)-nuciferil propanoato, metil palmitato, etil palmitato, (E)-nuciferil 2-metilpropanoato, (E)-nuciferil butanoato, (E,E)-farnesil 3- metilbutanoato, metil linoleato e etil linoleato anetol, α-pineno, β-pineno, limoneno, linalool, allo-ocimeno, borneol, carvona, spatulenol, sabineno, fitol, β-mirceno, (E)-nerolidol, Kordali et al., 2005a acetato de bornila e β-cariofileno canfora, 1,8-cineol, camazuleno, propionato de nuciferol, butanoato de nuciferol, óxido de cariofileno, borneol, α-terpineol, Kordali et al., 2005b espatulenol, cubenol, β-eudesmol e terpinen-4-ol 28 Artemisia arborescens L.* artarborol Fattorusso et al., 2007

anetol e estragol Guerrini et al., 2006 (Z)-anetol, (Z)-β-ocimeno, (E)-β-ocimeno, limoneno e metileugenol Kordali et al., 2005a

29 Artemisia dracunculus L. (−)-(R)-2‘-metoxidiidroartemidina, (+)-(S,R)-epoxiartemidina, dracumerina, (+)-(R)-(E)-3‘-hidroxiartemidina, isovalerato de capilarina, Engelmeier et al., 2004 artemidiol, (E/Z)-artemidina, capilarina, artemidinol, 8-hidroxiartemidina e 8-hidroxicapilarina

5-fenil-1,3-pentadiino e capilarina Meepagala et al., 2002 hexanal, santolinatrieno, α-tujeno, α-pineno, α-fencheno, camfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, β-mirceno, α-felandreno, p-cimeno, 1,8-cineol, limoneno, γ-terpineno, trans-sabineno hidrato, cis-linalool (furanóide), fenchona, óxido de trans-linalool (furanóide), α-tujona, linalool, β-tujona, canfora, cis-β-epoxiocimeno, trans-sabinol, albeno, lavandulol, 4-terpineol, pulegona, óxido de trans-sabinenehidrato acetato, bornil acetato, trans-sabinil acetato, isobornil acetato, linalil acetato, 7α-silfiperfol-5-eno, presilfiperfol-7-eno, silfin-1-eno, eugenol, propanoato de linalil, propanoato de isobornila, petibreno, silfiperfol-6-eno, α-copaeno, modefeno, β-bourboneno, α- isocomeno, 2-metilpropanoato de linalil, β-elemeno, petasiteno, cipereno, β-isocomeno, α-gurjuneno, linalil butanoatec, α-cedreno, β- 30 Artemisia vulgaris L.* cariofileno, α-santaleno, α-trans-bergamoteno, epi-β-santaleno, α-humuleno, β-santaleno, aromadendreno, β-bisaboleno, γ-humuleno, Blagojević et al., 2006 neril 2-metilpropanoato, (Z,E)-α-farneseno, β-selineno, allo-aromadendreno, biciclogermacreno, γ-gurjuneno, 3-metilbutanoato de linalil, 3-metilbutanoato de bornila, δ-cadineno, cis-α-bisaboleno, mirtenil 3-metilbutanoato, neril 3-metilbutanoato, neril 2- metilbutanoato, óxido de cariofileno, geranil 3-metilbutanoato, geranil 2-metilbutanoato, óxido de humuleno II, β-eudesmol, valeranona, α-bisabolol, chamazuleno, (E,E)-farnesal, (E,E)-farnesil acetato, propanoato de trans-nerolidil, hexahidrofarnesil acetona, (Z)-nuciferil propanoato, metil palmitato, etil palmitato, (E)-nuciferil 2-metilpropanoato, (E)-nuciferil butanoato, (E,E)-farnesil 3- metilbutanoato, metil linoleato e etil linoleato Baccharis dracunculifolia ácido cumarínico, ácido felúrico, ácido cinâmico, quercetina, caempferol, 3-acetil-pinobanquisina, crisin, galangina, caempferídeo e 31 Park et al., 2005 DC. artepilina C ácido cumarico, ácido ferulico, ácido cinamico, pinobasquisina, caempferol, isosacuranetina, crisina, acacetina, caempferideo e Park et al., 2004 artepilina C

153 ácido cumarico, ácido ferulico, pinobanquisina, caempferol, apigenina, isosacuranetina, pinocembrina, ácido dimetilalil cafeico, 3- Park et al., 2002 acetil-pinobanquisina, crisin, galangina, caempferideo e tectocrisina

(E)-nerolidol e espatulenol Cassel et al., 2000 - Robert et al., 2006 lactucina, 8-deoxilactucina e lactucopicrina Foster et al., 2006 isoramnetina, caempferol, miricetina, miricetina-3-glucosídeo, procianidina, quercetina, quercetina diferentemente glicosilada, quercetina-3-galatosídeo, quercetina-3-ramnosídeo, quercetina-glucuronídeo, ramnetina, luteina, neoxantina, violaxantina, β-caroteno, 32 Cichorium intybus L.* Salvatore et al., 2005 clorofila a, clorofila a',derivados de clorofila a, clorofila b, clorofila b',feofitina a, ácido cafeico, caftárico, clorogenico, ferulico, galico, p- cumarínico, protocatecuico e feruloil-L-(+)-tartárico ácido monocafeoil tartarico, ácido clorogenico, ácido chicorico, cianidina-3-O-glucosideo, delfinidina-3-O-(6''-malonil)glucosideo, Innocenti et al., 2005 cianidina-3-O-(6‘‘- malonil)glucosideo, quercetina-3-O-glucuronideo e luteolina-7-O-glucuronideo

derivados do ácido cafeico, luteina e β-caroteno Kim et al., 2007 quercetina, caempferol, luteolina, apigenina, crisoeriol e derivados cafeoílicos Heimler et al., 2007 derivados do ácido cafeico (derivados de cafeoilquinico e cafeoiltartarico) Beltrán et al., 2005 33 Lactuca sativa L.* ácido O-cafeoiltartarico (ácido caftarico), ácido di-O-cafeoiltartarico (ácido chicorico), ácido 5-O-cafeoilquinico (isômero do ácido Baur et al., 2004 clorogenico) e O-ácido cafeoilmalico ácido cafeoiltartarico, ácido cafeoilquinico, ácido dicafeoiltartarico, cianidina 3-malonilglucosídeo, ácido dicafeoilquinico, quercetina 3- Caldwell, 2003 glucuronídeo, quercetina 3-glucosídeo e quercetina 3-malonilglucosídeo

luteina Amar et al., 2003 - Barzana et al. 2002 34 Tagetes erecta L.* 3'-O-lauroil-luteina, 3-O-lauroil-luteina, 3'-O-miristoil-luteina, 3-O-miristoil-luteina, 3'-O-palmitoil-luteina, 3-O-palmitoil-luteina, 3'-O- estearoil-luteina, 3-O-estearoil-luteina, lauroilmiristoil-luteina, dimiristoil-luteina, miristoilpalmitoil-luteina, dipalmitoil-luteina, Breithaupt et al., 2002 palmitoilestearoil-luteina e distearoil-luteina diésteres da luteina Naranjo-Modad et al., 2000 (E)-crisantenil acetato, crisantenona, α-tujona, β-tujona, canfora, 1,8-cineol, artemisia cetona, (E)-verbenol, borneol, α-terpineol, timol Dragland et al., 2005 35 Tanacetum vulgare L.* e acetato de bornila α-tujona, β-tujona, canfora, acetato de crisantenila/crisantenol, crisantenona, artemisia cetona/artemisia alcool e 1,8-cineol Rohloff et al., 2004

Taraxacum officinale F.H. - Hudec et al., 2007 36 Wigg. luteolina e 7-glucosideo-luteolina Hu e Kitts, 2003

Bixaceae

37 Bixa orellana L. betanina, bixina, licopeno, clorofila, β-caroteno e cianidina-3-O-glucosideo Reddy et al., 2005

- Felicissimo et al., 2004

154 4-metil-2-pentanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentenol, 3-hexenol, 4-metil-1-hexanol, 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ol, 2-etil-1-hexanol, propanodiol, hexanal, 2-metil-2-butenal, heptanal, 3-metil-2-butenal, 2-heptenal, nonanal, 2,4-heptadienal, heptano, 2,5-dimetilhexano, 2-metilheptano, octano, 2,4-dimetilheptano, cis-1,3-dimetilciclohexano, 2,4-dimetilhexano, trans-1,3-dimetilciclohexano, nonano, butilciclopentano, propilciclohexano, decano, 2,4-dimetil-1-penteno, 4-metil-1,3-pentadieno, 2,4-dimetil-2-hexeno, δ-elemeno, elixeno, 1,3-dimetil-1- ciclohexeno, 4-etenil-4-metil-3-ciclohexeno, 3-penten-2-ona, 4-metil-3-penten-2-ona (óxido de mesitila), 2-heptanona, 3-hexen-2-ona, 3-octanona, 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ona, 4-hidroxi-4-metil-2-pentanona, butirato de etila, hexanoato de metila, formato de heptila, octanoato de metila, ácido acético, 1,2-propanodiol-2-acetato, γ-caprolactona, 2,5-dimetilfurano, 2,4-dimetilfurano, 2-metilpiridina, 2- Galindo-Cuspinera et al., 2002 pentilfurano, 3-metilpiridina, 4-metilpiridina, 5-metil-2-furanocarboxaldeide, tolueno, p-xileno, alil-p-metilbenzil eter, 1-metil-3- hexilbenzeno, 3-metilacetofenona, α-pineno, canfeno, β-pineno, β-felandreno, β-mirceno, limoneno, eucaliptol, trans-ocimeno, α- terpineol, 2-careno, 3,7-dimetil-1,6-octadien-3-ol, terpinen-4-ol, β-tujeno, α-cubebeno, ylangeno, cicloisosativeno, copaeno, isoledeno, germacreno-D, α-bergamoteno, santaleno, β-elemeno, epi-biciclosesquifelandreno, cariofileno, allo-aromadendreno, eudesma- 4(14),11-dieno, isosativeno, β-panasinseno, β-humuleno, δ-aristoleno, γ-muuroleno, β-maalieno, β-selineno, α-gurjuneno, γ- neocloveno, chamigreno, germacreno-B, valenceno, γ-selineno, γ-elemeno, patchouleno, δ-cadineno, β-sesquifelandreno, γ-cadineno, α-panasinseno, cipereno, espatulenol Bombacaceae

ácido vanílico, ácido cafeico, ácido p-cumarínico, cinamico, marina, quercetina, mircitina, apigenina e caempferol Haruenkit et al., 2007 Durio zibethinus Rumph. ex 38 27-O-trans-cafeoilcilicodiscato de metila, 27-O-cis-cafeoilcilicodiscato de metila, 1,2-diarilpropan-3-ol, fraxidina, eucrifina, boemenano, Murray* Rudiyansyah e Garson, 2006 treo-carolignana E, (−)-(3R,4S)-4-hidroximeleina, protocatecuato de metila, (+)-(R)-D-O-metillasiodiplodina

Brassicaceae

caempferol-3,4'-diglucosídeo, isoramnetina-3,4'-di-glucosídeo, quercetina-3-glucosídeo, caempferol-3-glucosídeo, isoramnetina-3- Martínez-Sánchez et al., 2007 glucosídeo, caempferol-3-(2-sinapoil-glucosídeo)-4'-glucosídeo Eruca vesicaria subsp. 39 sativa (Mill.) Thell* 4-mercaptobutil, glucoerucina e erucina Barillari et al., 2005 isotiocianatos e derivados do butano, hexano, octano e nonano Jirovetz et al., 2002

β-caroteno, luteina, 5,6-epoxi luteina, neoxantina zeaxantina, clorofila a, clorofila b, glucosinalbina, gluconapina, 4-hidroxil- Kopsell et al., 2007 glucobrasicina, glucobrasicina, 4-metoxi-glucobrasicina e gluconasturina

40 Nasturtium officinale R. Br.* gluconasturtiina Engelen-Eigles et al., 2006

nasturtiina Palaniswamy et al., 2003

Bromeliaceae

41 Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. 2-metilbutanoato de metila, 2-metilbutanoato de etila, hexanoato de metila, hexanoato de etila e 2,5-dimetil-4-metoxi-3[2H]-furanona Preston et al., 2003

Buxaceae

42 Buxus sempervirens L.* benzenometanotiol Tominaga et al., 2003

Cactaceae

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) glutationa reduzida, cisteína, n-acetil cisteína, rutina, quercetina, caempferol, isoramnetina-3-rutinosídeo, taurina, vitamina E, α- 43 Tesoriere et al., 2005 Mill.* tocoferol, β-tocoferol, γ-tocoferol, α-caroteno, trans-β-caroteno, cis-β-caroteno, todos-trans licopeno e fitoflueno

155 gonfrenina I e metionina-betaxantina Stintzing et al., 2005 isoramnetina triglicosídeo, rutina, caempferol-3-O-rutinosídeo, isoramnetina-3-O-rutinosídeo, isoramnetina-3-O-glucosídeo e flavonol Galati et al., 2003 glicosídeo betacianinas e betaxantinas Castellar et al., 2003 indicaxantina e betanina Butera et al., 2002 betaxanthinas Stintzing et al., 2002

Canellaceae

Cinnamodendron axillare 44 paratunamidas A−D Kagata et al., 2006 Endl. ex Walp.

Cannabaceae

ácido Δ9-tetrahidrocanabinolico (ATHC) e ácido canabidiolico (ACBD) Choi et al., 2007 hidroxiacetaldeido, 3-hidroxipropanal, (3H)-furan-2-ona, 2,3-butanediona, (2H)-furan-3-ona, 2-furaldeido, 2-metilfuran, 2- (hidroximetil)furan, ciclopent-1-eno-3,4-diona, 4-metiltetrahidrofuran-3-ona, (5H)-furan-2-ona, acetilfuran, 2,3-dihidro-5-metilfuran-2- ona, 5-metil-2-furfuraldeido, fenol, 5,6-dihidropiran-2,5-diona, 4-hidroxi-5,6-dihidro-(2H)-piran-2-ona, 3-hidroxi-2-metil-2-ciclopenten-1- ona, 2-hidroxi-3-metil-2-ciclopenten-1-ona, 2,3-dimetilciclopenten-1-ona, 4-metilfenol, ácido 2-furoic, metil ester, guaiacol, 4-etilfenol, 3,4-dihidroxibenzaldeido, 3,5-dihidroxi-2-metil-(4H)-piran-4-ona, 5-hidroximetil-2-tetrahidrofuraldeido-3-ona, 4-metilguaiacol, 1,4- dideoxi-D-glicerohex-1-enepirenona-3-ulose, 4-vinilguaiacol, siringol, pirogalol, 1,6-anidrogalactopiranose, vanillina, 4-metilsiringol, trans-isoeugenol, homovanilina, 1,6-anidromanopiranose, 1,6-anidroglucopiranose (levoglucosan), 4-etilsiringol, guaiacilacetona, 1,6- anidro-β-D-glucofuranose, 4-vinilsiringol, guaiacil vinil cetona, 4-alilsiringol, cis-4-propenilsiringol, siringaldeido, cis-coniferil alcool, trans-4-propenilsiringol, acetosiringona, trans-coniferaldeide, trans-coniferil alcool, siringilacetona, cis-sinapil alcool, trans- sinapaldeido, trans-sinapil alcool, n-heneicosano, n-tricosano, n-pentacosano, n-hexacosano, n-heptacosano, n-octacosano, n- nonacosano, n-triacontano, n-hentriacontano, n-tritriacontano, ácido n-tetradecanoico, ácido n-pentadecanoico, ácido 9- hexadecenoico, ácido n-hexadecanoico, ácido 9,12-octadecadienoico, ácido 9-octadecenoico, ácido n-octadecanoico, ácido n- eicosanoico, ácido n-docosanoico, ácido n-tetracosanoico, ácido n-hexacosanoico, ácido n-octacosanoico, ácido n-triacontanoico, ácido 2-hidroxihexadecanoico, ácido 2-hidroxidocosanoico, ácido 2-hidroxitricosanoico, ácido 2-hidroxitetracosanoico, ácido 2- hidroxipentacosanoico, n-octadecanol, n-eicosanol, n-docosanol, n-tetracosanol, n-hexacosanol, n-octacosanol, n-triacontanol, n- 45 Cannabis sativa L.* dotriacontanol, n-heneicosanal, n-docosanal, n-tricosanal, n-tetracosanal, n-pentacosanal, n-hexacosanal, n-octacosanal, n- nonacosanal, n-triacontanal, n-dotriacontanal, stigmasta-3,5,22-triene, stigmasta-3,5-dieno, campesterol, stigmasterol, Gutiérrez et al., 2006 sitosterolstigmastanol, β-amirina, α-amirina, β-amirenona, α-amirenona, stigmastan-3-ona, stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ona, stigmasta-3,5- dien-7-ona, stigmast-4-en-3-ona, stigmastadienona isomero, ergostane-3,6-diona, stigmast-4-en-3,6-diona, stigmastane-3,6-diona, β- amirina acetato, α-amirina acetato, taraxerol acetato, lupeol acetato, sitosterol hexadecanoato, sitosterol octadecanoato, β-amirina tetradecanoato, β-amirina pentadecanoato, β-amirina hexadecanoato, β-amirina octadecanoato, β-amirina eicosanoato, β-amirina docosanoato, β-amirina tetracosanoato, β-amirina hexacosanoato, β-amirina octacosanoato, β-amirina triacontanoato, α-amirina tetradecanoato, α-amirina hexadecanoato, α-amirina octadecanoato, α-amirina eicosanoato, α-amirina docosanoato, α-amirina tetracosanoato, α-amirina hexacosanoato, α-amirina octacosanoato, α-amirina triacontanoato, campesteril 3-β-D-gluco-piranosídeo, stigmasteril 3-β-D-gluco-piranosídeo, sitosteril 3-β-D-gluco-piranosídeo, cera 40 (ácido tetradecanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido hexadecanoico, tetracosil ester, ácido octadecanoico, docosil ester), cera 42 (ácido hexadecanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido octadecanoico, tetracosil ester, ácido eicosanoico, docosil ester, ácido docosanoico, eicosil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, octadecil ester), cera 44 (ácido hexadecanoico, octacosil ester, ácido octadecanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido eicosanoico, tetracosil ester, ácido docosanoico, docosil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, eicosil ester, ácido hexacosanoico, octadecil ester), cera 45 (ácido hexadecanoico, nonacosil ester, ácido eicosanoico, pentacosil ester, ácido docosanoico, tricosil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, heneicosil ester), cera 46 (ácido hexadecanoico, triacontil ester, ácido octadecanoico, octacosil ester, ácido eicosanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido docosanoico, tetracosil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, docosil ester, ácido hexacosanoico, eicosil ester, ácido octacosanoico, octadecil ester), cera 47 (ácido hexadecanoico, hentriacontil ester, ácido eicosanoico, heptacosil ester, ácido docosanoico, pentacosil ester), cera 48 (ácido 156 hexadecanoico, dotriacontil ester, ácido octadecanoico, triacontil ester, ácido eicosanoico, octacosil ester, ácido docosanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, tetracosil ester, ácido hexacosanoico, docosil ester, ácido octacosanoico, eicosil ester, ácido triacontanoico, octadecil ester), cera 49 (ácido eicosanoico, nonacosil ester), cera 50 (ácido hexadecanoico, tetratriacontil ester, ácido octadecanoico, dotriacontil ester, ácido eicosanoico, triacontil ester, ácido docosanoico, octacosil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido hexacosanoico, tetracosil ester, ácido octacosanoico, docosil ester, ácido triacontanoico, eicosil ester), cera 51 (ácido eicosanoico, hentriacontil ester, ácido docosanoico, nonacosil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, heptacosil ester), cera 52 (ácido hexadecanoico, hexatriacontil ester, ácido octadecanoico, tetratriacontil ester, ácido eicosanoico, dotriacontil ester, ácido docosanoico, triacontil ester, ácido tracosanoico, octacosil ester, ácido hexacosanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido octacosanoico, tetracosil ester, ácido triacontanoico, docosil ester) e cera 54 (ácido hexadecanoico, octatriacontil ester, ácido eicosanoico, tetratriacontil ester, ácido docosanoico, dotriacontil ester, ácido tetracosanoico, triacontil ester, ácido hexacosanoico, octacosil ester, ácido octacosanoico, hexacosil ester, ácido triacontanoico, tetracosil ester)

46 Humulus lupulus L.* ergosterol e ergocalciferol Magalhães et al., 2007 resveratrol Schwekendiek et al., 2007 14-hidroxi-β-cariofileno, geraniol, linalool, β-ionona e eugenol Eyres et al., 2007 n-humulona, adhumulona, cohumulona, n-lupulona, adlupulona, colupulona, desmetilxantohumol, xantohumol, prenilnaringenina e De Keukeleire et al., 2007 isoxantohumol galocatequina, galocatequina-(4α→8)-catequina, galocatequina-(4α→6)-catequina, catequina-(4α→8)-galocatequina, catequina- (4α→6)-galocatequina, afzelequina-(4α→8)-catequina, catequina-(4α→8)-catequina-(4α→8)-catequina, epicatequina-(4β→8)- epicatequina-(4β→8)-catequina, catequina-(4α→8)-galocatequina-(4α→8)-catequina, galocatequina-(4α→8)-galocatequina-(4α→8)- Li e Deinzer, 2006 catequina, catequina, epicatequina, epicatequina-(4β→8)-catequina, epicatequina-(4β→8)-epicatequina, catequina-(4α→8)-catequina, catequina-(4α→8)-epicatequina e epicatequina-(4β→8)-catequina-(4α→8)-catequina

xantohumol, isoxantohumol e 8-prenilnaringenina Monteiro et al., 2006

1-(2-metilpropanoil)floroglucinol-glucopiranosideo, 1-(2-metilbutiril)floroglucinol-glucopiranosideo, 1-(3-metilbutiril)floroglucinol- Bohr et al., 2005 glucopiranosideo e 5-(2-methilpropanoil)floroglucinol-glucopiranosideo

xantohumol e xantohumol D Liu et al., 2005 xantohumol e 8-prenilnaringenina Dietz et al., 2005 8-prenilnaringenina, 6-prenilnaringenina, isoxantohumol e xantohumol Overk et al., 2005 8-prenilnaringenina Possemiers et al., 2005

Matoušek et al., 2005; De xantohumol e desmetilxantohumol Keukeleire et al., 2003 1-[2,4-dihidroxi-3-(3-hidroxi-2-metoxi-3-metilbutil)-6-metoxifenil]-3-(4-hidroxifenil)propenona, xantohumol, xantohumol D, Zhao et al., 2005 dihidroxantohumol e xantohumol B 4-hidroxibenzaldeide, sitosterol-3-O-β-glucopiranosideo, humulinona e cohumulinona Chadwick et al., 2004 endoperoxixantohumol, auroxantohumol e aurona Stevens et al., 2003 - Taylor et al., 2003 taninos polifenólicos Stevens et al., 2002

157 trans-4,5-epoxi-(E)-2-decenal, linalool, mircene, 2-metilpropanoato de etila, 2-metilbutanoato de metila, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-ono, Steinhaus e Schieberle, 2000 nonanal, (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatrieno, 1,3(E),5(Z),9-undecatetraeno, 2-metilbutanoato de propila, 4-etenil-2-metoxifenol e 1-octen-3-ona acetona, isopreno, 2-metil-3-buten-1-ol, ácido formico, 3-metilbutanal, ácido acetico, isopentil alcool, 2-hexanona, 3-metil-2- pentanona, 3-metil-2-butenal, 3-metil-2-buten-1-ol, hexanal, furfural, octano, ácido 3-metilbutanoico, ácido 3-metilbutanoico + ácido butirico, ácido butirico, 2-hexenal, ácido 2-metilbutanoico, 2-hexenal + isobutil propanoato, isobutil propanoato, isopentil acetato, 2- heptanona, heptanal, isobutil isobutirato, metil hexanoato, metil hexanoato + 2,6-dimetil-2,5-heptadieno, 2,6-dimetil-2,5-heptadieno, 1,3-nonadieno, α-tujeno, α-pineno, ácido pentanoico, glicerol, dimetil trisulfideo, 3-metilbutil propanoato, 2-metilbutil propanoato, 6- metil-5-hepten-2-ona, metil 5-metilhexanoato, β-pineno, metil heptanoato, β-pineno + metil heptanoato, β-mirceno, isobutil isopentanoato, 2-metilbutil isobutirato, metil heptanoato, metil heptanoato + metil 4-heptenoato, α-terpineno, p-cimeno, fenol, limoneno + β-felandreno, pentil 2-metilpropanoato, 2-nonanona, β-ocimeno, ácido heptanoico, ácido heptanoico + γ-terpineno, ácido heptanoico + γ-terpineno + isooctanol, γ-terpineno, isooctanol, metil 6-metilheptanoato, metil 6-metilheptanoato + 2-nonanona, 2-nonanona, S- metil hexanetioato, óxido de linalool, terpinoleno, 2-nonanol + nonanal + linalool, nonanal + linalool, 2-metilbutil 2-metilbutirato, pentil 3-metilbutirato, metil octanoato, etil heptanoato, 2,3-dihidro-3,5-dihidroxi-6-metil-4H piran-4-ona, ácido octanoico, hexil isobutirato, 3- hexenil isobutirato, 2-decanona, ácido octanoico, metil fenilacetato, 1,3,5-undecatrieno, metil nonanoato, 2-decanona, α-terpineol + metil 4-octenoato, metil 4-octenoato, α-terpineol, metil 4-octenoato + R-terpineol + decanal, heptil propanoato, 2-decanol, decanal, metil nonenoato isomero, metil nonanoato, nerol, 2-metilheptil propanoato, geraniol, 2-undecanona, ácido decanoico, 2-undecanol, metil decanoato, metil decanoato, 2-undecanona, 2-undecanol, octil propanoato, metil 4-decenoato + metil 4,8-decadienoato, metil Eri et al., 2000 decenoato isomero, metil geranato, metil geranato + metil decanoato, metil decanoato, octil 2-metil propanoato, 2-dodecanona, metil 2-undecenoato, ácido decanoico, α-cubebeno, metil undecanoato, metil undecanoato + 2-dodecanona, 2-dodecanona, 2-dodecanona + α-ilangeno, α-ilangeno + ácido decanoico, ácido decanoico, copaeno, copaeno + metil undecenoato isomero, metil undecenoato isomero, metil undecenoato + 204 MW sesquiterpeno, 81 bp + metil undecadienoato, germacreno D, metil undecanoato, isocariofileno, calareno, cariofileno, β-cubebeno, β-cubebeno + α-bergamoteno, 2-tridecanona, 2-tridecanona + β-farneseno, β- farneseno, humuleno, humuleno + metil dodecenoato isomero, acetato de alcool insaturável, metil dodecanoato, metil dodecenoato isomero, 2-tridecanona, 2-tridecanona + γ-cadineno, γ-cadineno, α-amorfeno, metil 3,6-dodecadienoato, α-amorfeno + α-farneseno, α- farneseno, metil 3,6-dodecadienoato + β-selineno, β-selineno, γ-muuroleno, γ-muuroleno + γ-selineno, γ-selineno, metil dodecanoato, metil dodecanoato + δ-cadineno, δ-cadineno, α-muuroleno, calameneno, cadineno, selina-3,7-dieno, 1,2,3,4,4A,7-hexahidro-1,6- dimetil-4-(1-metiletil)-naftaleno, 234 oxigenado sesquiterpeno, 91 bp + 210 MW alcool insaturável ou ácido, 43 bp, cariofilil alcool, 2- tetradecanona, óxido de cariofileno, óxido de cariofileno + metil tridecenoato isomero, metil tridecenoato isomero, óxido de cariofileno + metil tridecenoato isomero + humuleno epoxido isomero, humuleno epoxido isomero, humuleno epoxido ou diepoxido, cadinol isomero, 119 bp, δ-cadinol, δ-cadinol + α-cadinol, α-cadinol, juniper canfora, 2-hexadecanona, 2-heptadecanona e ácido hexadecanoico Capparaceae

γ-tocoferol e vitamina C Tesoriere et al., 2007 ácido linoleico, ácido oleico, ácido vacenico, γ-tocoferol, δ-tocoferol, α-tocoferol, sitosterol, campesterol e estigmasterol Matthäus e Özcan, 2005

glucocaperina (methyl), glucoiberin (3-methylsulfinylpropyl), progoitrin [(2R)-2-hydroxybut-3-enyl], epiprogoitrin [(2S)- 2-hydroxybut-3- 47 Capparis spinosa L.* enyl], sinigrin (allyl), gluconapoleiferin [(2R)-2-hydroxypent-4-enyl], glucoalyssin (5-methylsulfinylpentyl), gluconapin (but-3-enyl), 4- Matthäus e Özcan, 2002 hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl), glucobrassicanapin (pent-4-enyl), glucobrassicin (indol-3-ylmethyl) and gluconasturtiin (phenethyl)

rutina Germanò et al., 2002

Caprifoliaceae

cianidina 3-sambubioside-5-glucosídeo, cianidina 3,5-diglucosídeo, cianidina 3-sambubiosídeo, cianidina 3-glucosídeo, cianidina 3- 48 Sambucus nigra L.* Wu et al., 2004 rutinosídeo, pelargonidina 3-glucosídeo, pelargonidina 3-sambubiosídeo

158 cianidina-3-sambubioside-5-glucosídeo, cianidina-3-sambubiosídeo, cianidina-3-glucosídeo e cianidina Chandra et al., 2001

cis-oxido de rosa, óxido de nerol, hotrienol, nonanal, linalool, α-terpineol, 4-metil-3-penten-2-ona, (Z)-β-ocimeno, pentanal, heptanal, Jørgensen et al., 2000 β-damascenona, hexanal, hexanol e (Z)-3-hexenol

Caryophyllaceae 3,5-di-O-β-glucosideo(6",6"‘-malil diester)pelargonidina, 3-O-(6''-O-malil-β-glucosideo)-5-O-β-glucosideo e 3,5-di-O-β-glucosideo 49 Dianthus caryophyllus L.* Gonnet e Fenet, 2000 pelargonidina 50 Dianthus superbus L.* diantinas C−F e 4-metoxidiantramida B Hsieh et al., 2004

Chenopodiaceae

ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O-[α-l-arabinopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-β-d-glucuronopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido oleanolico 3-O-[β-d- glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-α-l-arabinopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, hederagenina 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-α-l- arabinopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-α-l-arabinopiranosil]-28-O-β-d- Dini et al., 2002 glucopiranosideo, ácido oleanolico 3-O-[β-d-glucuronopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido oleanolico 3-O-[α-l-arabinopiranosil- (1‘ ‘→3‘)-β-d-glucuronopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo e ácido serjanico 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-α-l-arabinopiranosil]- 28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo

ácido 3-O-β-d-glucuropiranosil oleanólico, 3-O-β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil hederagenina, 3-O-β-d-glucopiranosil- (1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil espergulagenato de 30-O-metila e 3-O-β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil espergulagenato de Zhu et al., 2002 28-O-β-d-glucopiranosila

ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O-[α-l-arabinopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-β-d-glucuronopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido espergulagenico 3- O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→2)-β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, hederagenina 3-O-[β-d- glucopiranosil-(1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-d- Dini et al., 2001a glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-d-glucopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, hederagenina 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-d-glucopiranosil- 51 Chenopodium quinoa Willd.* (1→4)-β-d-glucopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo e ácido espergulagenico 3-O-[α-l-arabinopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-β-d- glucuronopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo

ecdisterona, maquisterona A, 24-epi-maquisterona A, 24(28)-deidromaquisterona A, and 20,26-diidroxiecdisona Zhu et al., 2001

ácido 3-O-β-d-glucuronopiranosil oleanolato de 28-O-β-d-glucopiranosila, 3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosil hederagenina 28-O-β-d- glucopiranosil ester, 3-O-β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil hederagenina 28-O-β-d-glucopiranosil ester, 3-O-α-l- Woldemichael e Wink, 2001 arabinopiranosil fitolaccagenicato de 28-O-β-d-glucopiranosila, 3-O-β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil fitolaccagenicato de 28-O-β-d-glucopiranosila e ácido 3-O-β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-α-l-arabinopiranosil fitolaccagenico

ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O-[α-l-arabinopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-β-d-glucuronopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O- [β-d-glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-α-l-arabinopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘‘→3‘ ‘)- β-d-xilopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→2‘)-β-d-glucopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido fitolaccagenico 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘‘→2‘ ‘)-β-d- Dini et al., 2001b glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-α-l-arabinopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, ácido oleanolico 3-O-[α-l-arabinopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-β-d- glucuronopiranosil]-28-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo e ácido oleanolico 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1‘ ‘→3‘)-α-l-arabinopiranosil]-28-O-β-d- glucopiranosideo

Clusiaceae

159 trans-β-caroteno, 10'-apo-β-caroten-10'-ol, cis-8'-apocaroten-8'-al, cis-8'-apo-caroten-8'-al, 9-cis-β-caroteno, trans-fitoflueno, trans-β- criptoxantina, trans-violaxantina, 13-cis-β-caroteno, cis-violaxantina, neocromo, trans-R-caroteno, apo-12'-violaxantal,trans- Rosso e Mercadante, 2007 zeaxantina, trans-β-zeacaroteno, luteoxantina, trans-γ-caroteno, cis-β-zeacaroteno, cis-γ-caroteno, fitoeno, cis-β-zeacaroteno e cis- 52 Mammea americana L. fitoflueno

mammea E/BD, mammea E/BC, mammea E/BA, mammea E/BB, mammea B/BA hidroxiciclo F, mammea B/BD, mammea B/BC, Yang et al., 2006 mammea B/BA, mammea B/BB e mammea B/BA ciclo F

Cupressaceae

isoescutelareina, 8-hidroxiluteolina, amentoflavona, hinoquiflavona, cupressoflavona e metil-biflavonas Innocenti et al., 2007

α-tujeno, α-pineno, α-fencheno, camfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, β-mirceno, δ-3-careno, α-terpineno, p-cimeno, limoneno, γ-terpineno, terpinoleno, monoterpenos, α-cubebeno, α-copaeno, β-elemeno, β-cariofilleno, γ-elemeno, α-humuleno, cis-α-farneseno, γ-cadineno, β-selineno, α-farneseno, valenceno, 3,7-guaidieno, viridifloreno, α-muuroleno, δ-cadineno, α-calacoreno, germacreno D, germacreno 53 Juniperus communis L.* Barjaktarović et al., 2005 B, sesquiterpenos, terpineno-1-ol, β-terpineol, (cis,trans)-verbenol, pinocarveole, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, γ-terpineol, acetato de bornila, acetato de geranila, monoterpenos oxigenados, cariofilenol-11, nerolidol, óxido de cariofilleno, espatulenol, óxido de humuleno, T-cadinol, δ-cadinol, β-eudesmol, α-cadinol e sesquiterpenos oxigenados

α-pineno, β-pineno, ∆³-careno, sabineno, mirceno, β-felandreno, limoneno e germacreno-D Angioni et al., 2003 ácido isocupressico Lee et al., 2003

Cyperaceae ciperusois A1, A2, B1, B2, C e D, (-)-1-p-menteno-7,8-diol, sobrerol, cariolano-1,9β-diol, 3,7-epoxicariofilano-5R,15-diol, 7,15- 54 Cyperus longus L. epoxicariofilano-3,5β-diol, clovanodiol, triciclohumuladiol, 1,5,8,8-tetrametil-8-biciclo[8.1.0]undeceno-2,9-diol, 1β-hidroxi-10βH-guaia- Xu et al., 2004 4,11-dien-3-ona, guaidiol, mandassidiona e liguciperonol 55 Cyperus rotundus L.* rotundinas A, B e C Jeong et al., 2000

Ericaceae

delfinidina galactosídeo, delfinidina glucosídeo, cianidina galactosídeo, delfinidina arabinosídeo, cianidina glucosídeo, petunidina galactosídeo, cianidina arabinosídeo, petunidina glucosídeo, peonidina galactosídeo, petunidina arabinosídeo, peonidina glucosídeo, Lätti et al., 2008 malvidina galactosídeo, peonidina arabinosídeo, malvidina glucosídeo e malvidina arabinosídeo

56 Vaccinium myrtillus L.* delfinidina 3-O-β-D-galactopiranosídeo, delfinidina 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo, delfinidina 3-O-α-L-arabinopiranose, cianidina 3-O-β-D- galactopiranosídeo, cianidina 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo, cianidina 3-O-α-L-arabinopiranose, petunidina 3-O-β-D-galactopiranosídeo, Ichiyanagi et al., 2006 petunidina 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo, petunidina 3-O-α-L-arabinopiranose, peonidina 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo, peonidina 3-O-α-L- arabinopiranose, malvidina 3-O-β-D-galactopiranosídeo, malvidina 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo e malvidina 3-O-α-L-arabinopiranose

monotropeina, 6,7-diidromonotropeina Jensen et al., 2002

Fabaceae

57 Arachis hypogaea L.* genisteina, daidzeina e biocanina A Chukwumah et al., 2007

160 trans-resveratrol, trans-araquidina-1, trans-araquidina-3 e trans-isopentadienilresveratrol Chang et al., 2006 resveratrol e piceatanol Ku et al., 2005 ácido oleico, linoleico e tocoferol Casini et al., 2003 bonducelpina E, bonducelpina F, bonducelpina G, α-caesalpina, bonducelpina B, bonducelpina C, caesalmina D, caesalmina E, ε- Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) 58 caesalpina, caesalpinina K, caesalpinina P, caesalpinina C, 14(17)-dehidrocaesalpina F, caesalpinina I, caesalmina B e 2- Pudhom et al., 2007 Roxb. acetoxicaesaldekarina

isovouacapenol C, pulcerrimina A e 6β-cinamoil-7β-hidroxivouacapen-5α-ol Roach et al., 2003

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) isovouacapenol A [(4aα,5β,6aβ,11aα,11bβ)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,11,11a,11b-dodecahidro-4,4,11b-trimetil-7-metilenefenntro[3,2-b]furan- 59 Sw.* 4a,5-diol-5-benzoato], Isovouacapenol B [(4aα,5β,6aβ,7β,11aα,11bβ)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,11,11a,11b-dodecahidro-4,4,7,11b- tetrametilfenantro[3,2-b]furan-4a,5,7-triol-5-benzoato], Isovouacapenol C [(4aα,5β,6aβ,7α,11aα,11bβ)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,11,11a,11b- Ragasa et al., 2002 dodecahidro-4,4,7,11b-tetrametilfenantro[3,2-b]furan-4a,5,7-triol-5-benzoato], Isovouacapenol D [(4aα,5β,11bβ)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,11b- octahidro-4,4,7,11b-tetrametil fenantro[3,2-b]furan-4a,5-diol-5-benzoato] e benzil 2,6-dimetoxibenzoato

rafinose, estaquiose, verbascose, α-galactosideos, ácido galico, frutose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, vitamina B1, vitamina B2, α- 60 Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.* Torres et al., 2006 tocoferol, β-tocoferol, γ-tocoferol, δ-tocoferol, vitamina E, vitamina C

ácido galico, hexose+ 2 unidades de ácido galico, pentose + 2 unidades de ácido galico, procianidina trimerico, hexose + 2 unidades de ácido galico, 2 pentoses + 2 unidades de ácido galico, hexose + 3 unidades de ácido galico, miricetinhexosideo, hexose + 4 unidades de ácido galico, miricetin-desoxihexosideo, quercetina-hexosideo, quercetina-desoxihexosideo, caempferol, (epi)galocatequina + 4 unidades de ácido galico, prodelfinidina dimero, prodelfinidina trimero, (epi)galocatequina, (epi)galocatequina + 61 Ceratonia siliqua L.* Papagiannopoulos et al., 2004 3 unidades de ácido galico, procianidina dimero, pentose + 3 unidades de ácido galico, procianidina trimero, (epi)galocatequingalato, miricetina-hexosideo, miricetina-pentosideo, quercetina-pentosideo, quercetina-ácido hexuronico, hexose + 5 unidades de ácido galico, caempferol-desoxihexosideo, derivados de caempferol, caempferol +3 grupos metil, caempferol + grupo metil, derivados de metoxicaempferol, taninos hidrolizado, catequina, ácido cafeico, ácido coumarico, ácido ferulico e ácido cinamico

62 Glycine max (L.) Merr.* glicosideo, malonilglicosideo, acetilglicosideo, aglicona, daidzina, genistina e glicitina Lee et al., 2007 formononetina, daidzeina, genisteina, gliceofuran, gliceolina I, coumestrol, gliceolina III, plicadina, quercetina e cianidina Lee et al., 2006 puerarina, genisteina, genistina, daidzeina e daidzina Kirakosyan et al., 2006

daidzeina, genisteina, gliciteina, daidzina, genistina, glicitina, 6''-Omalonildaidzina, 6''-Omalonilgenistina, 6''-Omalonilglicitina, 6''- Charron et al., 2005 Oacetildaidzina, 6''-Oacetilgenistina e 6''-Oacetilglicitina daidzina, gliciteina, genistina, 6''-O-malonildaidzina, 6''-O-malonilglicitina, 6''-O-acetildaidzina, 6''-O-malonilgenistina, daidzeina, Caldwell et al., 2005 gliciteina e genisteina genisteina, diadzeina, gliceteina e glicosideos Variyar et al., 2004 soiasapogenois A e B Rupasinghe et al., 2003 daidzeina, genisteina e gliciteina Vyn et al., 2002 α-tocoferol, δ-tocoferol e γ-tocoferol Britz e Kremer, 2002

161 delfinidina-3-glucosideo, cianidina-3-glucosideo e petunidina-3-glucosideo Choung et al., 2001 2-metilpropanoato de etila, 2,3-butanediona, butanoato de etila, 2-metilbutanoato de etila, 3-(metiltio)propanal, feniletanal e 3- Chung, 2000 fenilpropionato de etila luteina, β-caroteno, neoxantina, violaxatina, feofitina a, feofitina b, clorofila a e clorofila b Valverde e This, 2008 - Ariza-Nieto et al., 2007 caempferol 3-O-glucosideo, caempferol 3-O-xilosilglucosideo, daidzina, genistina, glicitina, daidzeina, gliciteina, genisteina e Marotti et al., 2007 caempferol

glicosídeos de caempferol e de quercetina Ranilla et al., 2007

ácido ferulico, caempferol, quercetina, daidzeina, cumestrol , delfinidina, petunidina, cianidina, malvidina, pelargonidina e peonidina Espinosa-Alonso et al., 2006 quercetina, caempferol, ácido p-cumarico, ácido ferulico, ácido p-hidroxibenzoico, ácido vanilico, rafinose, estaquiose, verbascose e Díaz-Batalla et al., 2006 ácido fítico caempferol, caempferol 3-O-glucosideo, caempferol 3-O-glucosilxilosideo, caempferol 3-O-acetilglucosideo e procianidinas Beninger et al., 2005 63 Phaseolus vulgaris L. ácido galico, (+)-catequina, caempferol glicosideos, quercetina e derivados de ácidos cafeico Heimler et al., 2005 monomeros (C, GC), dimeros (A, C, GC), trimeros (A, C, GC), tetrameros (A, C, GC), pentameros (A, C, GC), hexameros (A, C, GC), delfinidina 3-glicosideo, petunidina 3-glicosideo, malvidina 3-glicosideo, petunidina diglicosideo,malvidina diglicosideo, caempferol Aparicio-Fernandez et al., 2005 glicosideo, quercetina 3-glicosideo e miricetina glicosideo flavonois, isoflavonas e antocianinas Romani et al., 2004 delfinidina-3-O-glucosideo, petunidina-3-O-glucosideo, malvidina-3-O-glucosideo, quercetina-3-O-glucosideo e caempferol-3-O- Beninger et al., 2003 glucosideo cianidina-3,5-diglucosideo, delfinidina-3-glucosideo, cianidina-3-glucosideo, petunidina-3-glucosideo e pelargonidina-3-glucosideo Choung et al., 2003 - Mejía et al., 2003 - Welch et al., 2000 Trigonella foenum-graecum 64 sotolona e 3-amino-4,5-dimetil-2(5H)-furanona Peraza-Luna et al., 2001 L.* Gentianaceae

1,5-diidroxi-3-metoxixantona, 1-hidroxi-3,5,6-trimetoxixantona, 1-hidroxi-3,5,6,7-tetrametoxixantona, 1-hidroxi-3,5,6,7,8- Valentão et al., 2002 65 Centaurium erythraea Rafn* pentametoxixantona, 1-hidroxi-3,7,8-trimetoxixantone e 1,8-diidroxi-3,5,6,7-tetrametoxixantona ácido p-cumarico, ácido ferulico e ácido sinapico Valentão et al., 2001

Iridaceae

66 Crocus sativus L.* trans-crocina, digentibiosil ester da crocetina Papandreou et al., 2006

isômeros trans e cis do (β-d-triglucosideo)-(β-d-gentibiosil) éster da crocetina, isômeros trans e cis do (β-d-neapolitanose)-(β-d- Carmona et al., 2006 glucosil) ester da crocetina e cis (β-d-neapolitanose)-(β-d-gentibiosil) ester da crocetina crocusatina-J, K e L, (3S), ácido 4-diidroxibutirico, 4-hidroxi-3,5,5-trimetilciclohex-2-enona, ácido protocatecuico, caempferol e Li et al., 2004 caempferol-7-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo 162 crocusatinas F, G, H e I, crocina-1 e crocina-3 Li e Wu, 2002

α-isoforeno, ketoisoforeno, 2,6,6-trimetil-1,4-ciclohexadiona, safranal, 2,4-cicloheptadieno-1-ona-2,6,6-trimetil (eucarvona), 3,5,5- trimetil-2-hidroxi-1,4-ciclohexadiona-2-eno, 2,5-dimetil-2-isopropenil-l-ciclohexanona, 2,4,4-trimetil-3-carboxaldeido-5-hidroxi-1- Zareena et al., 2001 ciclohexanona 2,5-dieno, 2,6,6-trimetil-4-hidroxi-1-ciclohexeno-1-carboxaldeido e dihidro-beta-ioneno

Lamiaceae

p-cimeno, trans-β-ocimeno, cis-β-ocimeno, linalool, lavandulol, hexil acetato, linalil acetato, β-farneseno, neril acetato, β-cariofileno, 67 Lavandula angustifolia Mill.* Haddad et al., 2007 borneol, óxido de cariofileno e garanil acetato

quadranosideo III, ácido salvianico A, ácido rosmarinico e luteolina Mencherini et al., 2007

α-pineno, canfeno, β-pineno, E-isolimoneno, 3-octanol, δ-3-careno, limoneno, Z-β-ocimeno, linalool, α-tujona, β-tujona, E-óxido de 68 Melissa officinalis L.* rosa, citronela, isomentona, entol, estragole (metil chavicol), nerol, citronelol, neral (Z-citral), geraniol, metil citronelato, geranial (E- citral), bornil acetato, Z-óxido de limoneno, Z-carvil acetato, neril acetato, α-copaeno, geranil acetato, E-β-damascenona, dodecenal, Mimica-Dukic et al., 2004 E-cariofileno, α-humuleno, β-selineno, germacreno, δ-cadineno, Z-β-farneseno, ledol, óxido de cariofileno, nonadecano, 1-eicoseno, eicosano, n-heneicosano e pentacosano

limoneno, mentona, iso-mentona, mentol, iso-mentol, α-terpineol, cis-carveol, pulegona, piperitona, mentil acetato e β-cariofileno Baranauskienė et al., 2007 69 Mentha piperita L.* Rohloff et al., 2005; İşcan et al., mentol e mentona 2002

(−)-linalool, eugenol, metil chavicol, cinamato de metila e metil eugenol Zheljazkov et al., 2008

ácido rosmarinico, ácido cafeico, eugenol e linalool Li et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2006

ácido cafeico, dihidrocaempferol-3-O-glucosideo, luteolina acetil-glucuronideo, dihidroxicaemnipferol-glycosideo, α-tocoferol, ácido rosmarinico, cafeoil ester, ácido carnosico, catequina, derivados de catecol, derivados de cinamil, derivados de cafeoil, ácido ferulico, Jayasinghe et al., 2003 cafeoil -3-O-rutinisideo, apigenina, apigenina-glucuronideo, cafeoil ester e ácido clorogenico 70 Ocimum basilicum L.* linalool e 1,8-cineole Loughrin e Kasperbauer, 2003 ácido rosmarinico Javanmardi et al., 2002 metil eugenol e eugenol Miele et al., 2001 α-pineno, β-pineno, mirceno, 1,8-cineol, canfora, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, bornil acetato, α-terpineol, hexanal, octil acetato, eugenol, ácido cinamico, ácido cafeico, ácido sinapico e Loughrin e Kasperbauer, 2001 ácido ferrulico ácido ursolico, ácido carnosico e carnosol Vági et al., 2005 71 Origanum majorana L. clorofila A, feofitina B, β-caroteno e luteina Vági et al., 2002

α-pineno, canfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, E-isolimoneno, allo-ocimeno, limoneno, β-felandreno, γ-terpineno, α-terpinoleno, o-cimeno, 1,8-cineol, Z-óxido de linalool, Z-sabineno hidrato, linalool, endo-fenchol, β-tujona, canfora, canfeno hidrato, mentona, borneol, 72 Rosmarinus officinalis L.* Bozin et al., 2007 terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, pulegona, bornil acetato, carvacrol, metil eugenol, α-jlangeno, E-cariofileno, α-humuleno, α-muuroleno, β- bisaboleno, cariofilnol, óxido de cariofileno, 3-cctenol, octadecano, nonadecano e eicosano

163 ácido ursolico, ácido oleanolico e ácido micromerico Altinier et al., 2007 seco-Hinokiol Cantrell et al., 2005 ácido carnosico Wellwood e Cole, 2004

eriocitrina, luteolina 3‘-O-β-d-glucuronideo, hesperidina, diosmina, isoscutelareina 7-O-glucosideo, hispidulina 7-O-glucosideo e del Baño et al., 2004 genkwanina

α-pineno, borneol, (−) canfeno, canfora, verbenona e acetato de bornila Angioni et al., 2004 ácido carnosico, carnosol, ácido 12-O-metilcarnosico, ácido rosmarinico, isoscutelareina 7-O-glucosideo e genkwanina del Baño et al., 2003 ácido carnosico Backleh et al., 2003 α-pineno e 1,8-cineol Flamini et al., 2002b - Zheng e Shetty, 2000

α-pineno, canfeno, β-pineno, limoneno, o-cimeno, 1,8-cineol, linalool, α-tujona, β-tujona, canfora, borneol, neomentol, terpinen-4-ol, mirtenol, bornil acetato, longifoleno, E-cariofileno, α-humuleno, allo-aromadendreno, Z-α-bisaboleno, β-bisaboleno, E,E-α-farneseno, Bozin et al., 2007 ledol, cariofilnol, spatulenol, óxido de cariofileno, viridiflorol, sclareol, pentadecano, heptadecano e eicosano

Santos-Gomes e Fernandes- α-pineno, canfene, β-pineno, limoneno, 1,8-cineol, (−)-tujona, (+)-isotujona, canfora, α-humuleno e manool Ferreira, 2003 73 Salvia officinalis L.* 12-O-metilcarnosol Miura et al., 2002 Santos-Gomes e Fernandes- α-pineno, β-pineno, canfeno, α-tujona, canfora, α-humulen e β-cariofileno Ferreira, 2001 1-O-(2,3,4-triidroxi-3-metil)butil-6-O-feruloil-β-d-glucopiranosideo, β-d-glucopiranosil tuberonato de etila, ácido p-hidroxibenzoico, ácido (−)-hidroxijasmonico, ácido cafeico e 4-hidroxiacetofenona-4-O-[5-O-(3,5-dimetoxi-4-hidroxibenzoil)-β-d-apiofrunosil]-(1→2)-β-d- Wang et al., 2000 glucopiranosideo 74 Satureja hortensis L.* timol, carvacrol, γ-terpineno e p-cimeno Güllüce et al., 2003 α-pineno, β-pineno, mirceno, p-cimeno, γ-terpineno, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, cis-geraniol, timol, carvacrol, β-cariofileno e óxido de Haddad et al., 2007 cariofileno timol, p-cimeno e carvacrol Díaz-Maroto et al., 2005 timol , p-cimeno, γ-terpineno e carvacrol Baranauskienė et al., 2003 75 Thymus vulgaris L.* ácido rosmarinico, eriodictiol, taxifolina, luteolina 7-glucuronideo, p-cimeno-2,3-diol, dímero 6−6‘ do p-cimeno-2,3-diol, carvacrol e Dapkevicius et al., 2002 timol 12-O-metil carnosol Miura et al., 2002 - Zheng e Shetty, 2000

Lauraceae

164 α-pineno, benzaldeido, β-pineno, mirceno, α-felandreno, p-cimeno, limoneno, β-felandreno, δ-3-careno, (Z)-β-ocimeno, fenilacetaldeido, (E)-β-ocimeno, linalool, trans-p-ment-2-en-1-ol, α-terpineol, safrol, 1-nitro-2-feniletano, eugenol, α-copaeno, β- 76 Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez elemeno, metileugenol, longifoleno, α-gurjuneno, β-cariofileno, aromadendreno, α-humuleno, β-selineno, α-selineno, β-bisaboleno, δ- Silva et al., 2007 cadineno, β-sesquifelandreno, spatulenol, óxido de cariofileno, guaiol, humuleno epoxido II, 1-epi-cubenol, epi-α-muurulol, selin-11- en-4-α-ol e bulnesol

cianidina 3-O-glucosideo, cianidina 3-O-rutinosideo, peonidina 3-O-glucosideo e peonidina 3-O-rutinosideo Longo e Vasapollo, 2005a

β-d-glucopiranosideos, primeverosideos, α-l-arabinofuranosil-β-d-glucopiranosideos, rutinosideos, vicianocideos, linalool-diois, 2- hidroxi-1,8-cineol, 2,3-deidro-1,8-cineol I, sobrerois, mentadien-8-ois, 3-oxo-α-ionol, derivados de 7,8-dihidro, vomifoliol, 3-hidroxi-β- damascona, 3-hidroxi-7,8-didehidro-β-ionol, 3-metilbutan-1-ol, 2-metilbutan-1ol, pentanol, 3(Z)-hexenol, hexanol, benzil alcool, óxido furanosídeo de linalool I, óxido furanosídeo de linalool II, linalool, hotrienol, 2-feniletanol, óxido de nerol, óxido piranosídeo de linalool, Kilic et al., 2005 p-ment-1,5-dien-8-ol, borneol, 3,7-dimetilocta-1,5-dieno-3,7-diol, α-terpineol, p-ment-1(7),5-dien-8-ol, 2-hidroxi-1,8-cineol II, 3-hidroxi- 1,8-cineol, geraniol, 3,7-dimetilocta-1,7-dieno-,6-diol, eugenol, β-damascenona, trans-sobrerol, vanilina, E-isoeugenol, tirosol, p-ment- 1-eno-7,8-diol, 4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenilpropan-2-ona, metoxitirosol, hidroxicineil acetato, 3-oxodamascona, ácido 4-hidroxi-3- metoxifenilacetico, 3-hidroxi-5,6-epoxi-β-ionona, 3-hidroxi-β-ionona, 3-oxo-7,8-dihidro-α-ionol e vomifoliol

ampelopsisionosideo, laurosideo A, laurosideo B, laurosideo C, 4,5-dihidroblumenol A (4,5-dihidroblumenol A-9-(R)-MTPA ester, 4,5- dihidroblumenol A-9-(S)-MTPA ester), alangiosideo A, laurosideo D, dendrantemosideo A, laurosideo E, icarisideo B1, citrosideo A, De Marino et al., 2004 lionisideo, 2-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-etil-O-β-D-glucopiranosideo, xilopiranosil(1→6)glucopiranosideo, caempferol-3-O-α-L-(3'',4''-di- E-p-coumaroil)ramnosideo e caempferol-3-O-α-L-(2''-E-p-coumaroil)ramnosideo

acetato de α-terpinila, sabineno, α-pineno, β-pineno, β-elemeno, α-terpineol, linalool, eugenol, α-eudesmol, β-elemeno, β-cariofileno, Kilic et al., 2004 77 Laurus nobilis L. (E)β-ocimeno, biciclogermacreno, (E)-β-ocimeno e germacrene D α-pineno, sabineno, β-terpineno, 1,8-cineol, γ-terpineno, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, α-terpineno, eugenol, β-cariofilleno e metil Dadaliolu e Evrendilek, 2004 eugenol α- e γ-tocoferol e tocol Gómez-Coronado e Barbas, 2003 α-tujeno, α-pineno, canfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, mirceno, 2,3-dehidro-1,8-cineol, α-felandreno, 3-careno, α-terpineno, o-cimeno, p- cimeno, limoneno, 1,8-cineol, (E)-ocimeno, γ-terpineno, cis-sabineno hidrato, óxido de cis-linalool (furanoide), terpinoleno, p- cimeneno, linalool, trans-sabineno hydrato, cis-p-ment-2-en-1-ol, allo-ocimeno, (E)-2,6-dimetil-1,3,5,7-octatetraeno, neo-allo-ocimeno, trans-p-ment-2-en-1-ol, canfora, umbelulona (=3-tujen-2-ona), óxido de cis-linalool (piranoide), borneol, óxido de trans-linalool (piranoide), isopinocanfona, mentol, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol, trans-piperitol, nerol, timol metil eter, carvacrol metil eter, linalil acetato, piperitona, isobornil acetato, timol, carvacrol, δ-elemeno, α-terpinil acetato, α-ilangeno, α-copaeno, β-patchouleno, β-cubebeno, β- Flamini et al., 2002a elemeno, β-cariofileno, α-guaieno, α-humuleno, cis-muurola-4(14),5-dieno, γ-muuroleno, germacreno D, (Z,E)-α-farneseno, β- selineno, biciclogermacreno, germacreno A, (E,E)-R-farneseno, cis-γ-cadineno, trans-γ-cadineno, δ-cadineno, germacreno D-4-ol, spatulenol, óxido de cariofileno, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol, heptanal, 4-hidroxi-5-metil-2-hexanona, 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ona, octanal, (E)-3- hexen-1-ol acetato, nonanal, dimetil glutarato, decanal, dimetil adipato, 1-trideceno, 2-trideceno, undecanal, n-tetradecano, ácido oleico, ácido stearico, mesitileno, pseudocumeno, feniletil alcool, tetrametilbenzeno 1, tetrametilbenzeno 2, benzil acetato, naftaleno, metil salicilato,eugenol, metileugenol, benzil tiglato e elemicina 1,8-cineol, linalool, acetato de α-terpinila e metil eugenol Caredda et al., 2002 eugenol, elemicina, espatulenol e β-eudesmol Díaz-Maroto et al., 2002 78 Persea americana Mill.* luteina, α-caroteno, β-caroteno, neoxantina, violaxantina, zeaxantina, anteraxantina, clorofilas A e B e feofitinas A e B Ashton et al., 2006

165 (2E,5E,12Z,15Z)-1-hidroxiheneicosa-2,5,12,15-tetraen-4-ona, (2E,12Z,15Z)-1-hidroxiheneicosa-2,12,15-trien-4-ona e acetato de Kawagishi et al., 2001 (5E,12Z)-2-hidroxi-4-oxoheneicosa-5,12-dien-1-ila

acetato de (2R)-(12Z,15Z)-2-hidroxi-4-oxoheneicosa-12,15-dien-1-ila, persenonas A e B Kim et al., 2000

Lecythidaceae Gustavia hexapetala (Aubl.) 79 gustastatina, ácido betulinico, xantiletina, liqueexantona, ácido oleanolico, ácido ursolico, portentol e β-amirina Pettit et al., 2004 Sm. Liliaceae

80 Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.* α-tocoferol Hu et al., 2003

éster metílico do ácido anti-S-oxidoasparagusico , éster metílico do ácido syn-S-oxidoasparagusico, 2-hidroxiasparenina {3‘,4‘-trans-2- hidroxi-1-metoxi-4-[5-(4-metoxifenoxi)-3-penten-1-inil]-benzeno}, asparenina, aspareniol, (±)-1-monopalmitina, ácido ferulico, 1,3-O-di- Jang et al., 2004 p-cumaroilglicerol, 1-O-feruloil-3-O-p-cumaroilglicerol, blumenol C, (±)-epipinoresinol, ácido linoleico, 1,3-O-diferuloilglicerol e 1,2-O- 81 Asparagus officinalis L.* diferuloilglicerol apsantina, capsorubina, capsantina-5,6-epoxido, anteraxantina, violaxantina, neoxantina, epímeros da mutatoxantina, zeaxantina, Deli et al., 2000 luteina, β-criptoxantina e β-caroteno 82 Ruscus aculeatus L.* pelargonidina-3-O-rutinosideo, pelargonidina 3-O-glucosideo e pelargonidina 3-O-trans-p-cumaroilglucosideo Longo e Vasapollo, 2005b

Malvaceae

quercetina, luteolina glucosideo, ácido clorogenico, delfidina-3-sambubiosideo e cianidina-3-sambubiosideo Sáyago-Ayerdi et al., 2007 83 Hibiscus sabdariffa L.* - Yagoub, 2004

Meliaceae

escopoletina, vanilina, 4-hidroxi-3-metoxicinamaldeido e (±)-pinoresinol Carpinella et al., 2005 1-O-Deacetil-1-O-tigloiloquinolideo B, 1-O-Deacetil-1-O-benzoiloquinolideo B, 1-O-Deacetil-1-O-tigloiloquinolideo A, 1-O- Deacetiloquinolideo B, 1-O-Deacetiloquinolideo A, 1-O-Detigloil-1-O-benzoiloquinolal, 1-O-Detigloil-1-O-cinamoiloquinolal, oquinolideo Zhou et al., 2004 84 Melia azedarach L.* B, oquinolideo A e oquinalal vanilina, 4-hidroxi-3-metoxicinamaldeido e (±)-pinoresinol Carpinella et al., 2003a meliartenina Carpinella et al., 2003b

85 Trichilia catigua A. Juss. catiguanina A, catiguanina B, cinchonaina Ia, cinchonaina Ib, cinchonaina Ic e cinchonaina Id Tang et al., 2007

Moraceae (2R,3R,4R)-2-hidroximetil-3,4-diidroxipirrolidina-N-propionamida, 4-O-α-d-galactopiranosil-calistegina B2, 3β,6β-diidroxinortropano e 86 Morus alba L.* Asano et al., 2001 1-deoxinojirimicina Musaceae

rel-(3S,4aR,10bR)-8-hidroxi-3-(4-hidroxifenil)-9-metoxi-4a,5,6,10b-tetraidro-3H-nafth[2,1-b]pirano, 1,2-diidro-1,2,3-triidroxi-9-(4- 87 Musa paradisiaca L.* Jang et al., 2002 metoxifenil)fenaleno, hidroxianigorufona, anidrido 2-(4-hidroxifenil)naftalico e 1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)hepta-4(E),6(E)-dien-3-ona

Myristicaceae 166 acido miristico, ácido palmitico, ácido laurico, ácido petroselinico e ácido estearico Niyas et al., 2003 88 Myristica fragrans Houtt.* miristicina Morita et al., 2003

Myrtaceae

eucaliptal A, eucaliptal B e eucaliptal C Yin et al., 2007 89 Eucalyptus globulus Labill.* 1,8-cineol, l-felandreno, (−)-α-pineno, β-pineno, trans-pinocarveol, γ-terpineno,α-terpineol, β-eudesmol e acetato de geranila Yang et al., 2004

90 Eugenia uniflora L. selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-ona Kanazawa et al., 2000 (4S)-α-terpineol 8-O-β-d-(6-O-galoil)glucopiranosideo, (4R)-α-terpineol 8-O-β-d-(6-O-galoil)glucopiranosideo, 3-(4-hidroxi-3- 91 Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.* metoxifenil)propano-1,2-diol 2-O-β-d-(6-O-galoil)glucopiranosideo, ácido galico, pimentol e eugenol 4-O-β-d-(6-O- Kikuzaki et al., 2000 galoil)glucopiranosideo

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) deidrodieugenol e trans-coniferaldeído Miyazawa e Hisama, 2003 92 Merr. & L.M. Perry* trans-isoeugenol e eugenol Miyazawa e Hisama, 2001

Oleaceae

Jasminum sambac (L.) 93 linalool, antranilato de metila, 4-hexanolideo, 4-nonanolideo, hexanoato de (E)-2-hexenila e 4-hidroxi-2,5-dimetil-3(2H)-furanona Ito et al., 2002 Aiton*

Orchidaceae

ácido p-cumarico, ácido 3-(p-hidroxifenil)propionico, álcool 4-hidroxibenzílico, 4-hidroxibenzaldeido, ácido 4-hidroxibenzoico, ácido 94 Vanilla planifolia Andrews Debowska̧ e Podstolski, 2001 cafeico, ácido hidrocafeico, ácido clorogenico, 4-metilcatecol, aldeído protocatecuico, acido protocatecúico e 3,4-diidroxifenilalanina

Papaveraceae

1-Pentanol, 1-hexanal, 1-hexanol, 2-pentilfurano e ácido caproico Krist et al., 2005

95 Papaver somniferum L.* morfinano, tetraidrobenzilisoquinolina, benzo[c]fenantridina, fthalideoisoquinolina, morfina, codeina, tebaina, sanguinarina/10- Frick et al., 2005 hidroxisanguinarina e diidrosanguinarina/10-hidroxidiidrosanguinarina

Passifloraceae

derivados da apigenina e luteolina Ferreres et al., 2005

96 Passiflora edulis Sims Yoshikawa et al., 2000a; ácidos ciclopassifloicos E, F e G e ciclopassiflosideos VII, VIII, IX, X e XI Yoshikawa et al., 2000b

Phytolaccaceae

97 Phytolacca americana L.* fitolaccasaponinas N-1, N-2, N-3, N-4 e N-5 Wang et al., 2008

Pinaceae

167 ácido (+)-7-oxo-13-epi-pimara-14,15-dien-18-oico, ácido (+)-7-oxo-13-epi-pimara-8,15-dien-18-oico, ácido (+)-isopimarico, (1S,2S,3R)- 98 Thuja occidentalis L.* Chang et al., 2000 (+)-isopicrodeoxipodofilotoxina, (−)-deoxipodofilotoxina e (−)-deoxipodorizona

Poaceae

tricin-4'-O-(eritro-β-guaiacilgliceril) eter [salcolin B; 5,7-dihidroxi-2-[4-{hidroxi-2-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-1-(hidroximetil)etoxi}-3,5- dimetoxifenil]-4H-1-benzopiran-4-ona], tricin-4'-O-(treo-β-guaiacilgliceril) eter [salcolin A; 5,7-dihidroxi-2-[4-{2-hidroxi-2-(4-hidroxi-3- Wenzig et al., 2005 metoxifenil)-1-(hidroximetil)etoxi}-3,5-dimetoxifenil]-4H-1-benzopiran-4-ona] e (-)-(5S,6S)-5,6-dihidro-3,8,10-trihidroxi-5-(4-hidroxi-3- 99 Avena sativa L. metoxifenil)-6-hidroximetil-2,4-dimetoxi-7H-benzo[c]xanten-7-ona ácido antranilico, ácido 5-hidroxiantranilico, ácido p-cumarico, ácido cafeico, ácido ferulico e ácido sinapico Bratt et al., 2003 tocotrienois, ácido cafeico, avenantramidas Bp, Bc e Bf e tocoferois Bryngelsson et al., 2002 4-vinilguaiacol e 4-vinilfenol Vanbeneden et al., 2007

100 Hordeum vulgare L.* catequina, tocoferol e luteina Duh et al., 2001 isoscoparina 7-O-β-d-glucosideo, carlinosideo, shaftosideo, 6-C-β-D-glucopiranosil-2',4',5,5',7-pentahidroxiflavona, 7-O-β-D- Nørbæk et al., 2000 glucosideos de isoorientina e isovitexina ácido cafeico, ácido sinapico, ácido ferulico e ácido p-cumarico Andreasen et al., 2001 101 Secale cereale L.* ácido p-cumarico, ácido cafeico, ácido p-hidroxibenzoico, ácido protocatecuico e ácido vanilico Andreasen et al., 2000 sorgoleona, 2-hidroxi-5-metoxi-3-[(8‘Z,11‘Z)-8‘,11‘,14‘-pentadecatrieno]-p-benzoquinona e hidroquinona Kagan et al., 2003 Sorghum bicolor (L.) 102 4,6-dimetoxi-2-[(8‘Z,11‘Z)-8‘,11‘,14‘-pentadecatrieno]resorcinol, 4-metoxo-6-etoxi-2-[(8‘Z,11‘Z)-8‘,11‘,14‘-pentadecatrieno]resorcinol e Moench Rimando et al., 2003 4-hidroxi-6-etoxi-2-[(10‘Z,13‘Z)-10‘,13‘,16‘-heptadecatrieno]resorcinol

Polygonaceae

103 Rumex crispus L. - Yıldırım et al., 2001

Ranunculaceae

104 Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) 25-clorodeoxicimigenol-3-O-β-d-xilosideo Chen et al., 2007 Nutt.* neocimicigenosideos A e B Mimaki et al., 2006 cimipronidina, ácidos cimicifugicos A, B e F, ácido fuquiinolico, ácido ferulico e ácido isoferulico Fabricant et al., 2005 23-Epi-26-deoxiacteina Wang et al., 2005 ácido fucinolico, ácido fuquiico, ácido cafeico e cimiracemato B Johnson e van Breemen, 2003

ácido cafeico, cafeato de metila, ácido ferulico, ácido isoferulico, ácido fuquiinolico, ácido cimicifugico A, ácido cimicifugico B, ácido Burdette et al., 2002 cimicifugico F, cimiracemato A e cimiracemato B

168 glicerol-1-palmitato, daucosterol-6'-linoleato, 7-dehidro-23-epi-12,26-dideoxiacteol-3-O-β-d-xilopiranosideo, 12-O-acetil-25- anidrocimigenol-3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosideo, 12-O-acetil-25-anidrocimigenol-3-O-β-d-xilopiranosideo, 4‘,23-O-diacetilshengmanol-3-O- Chen et al., 2002a β-d-xilopiranosideo, 4‘,23-O-diacetilshengmanol-3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosideo, 23-epi-acetilacteol-3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosideo, 4‘-O- acetil-26-deoxiactein e 16β:23;24:25-diepoxi-12β-O-acetil-3β-hidroxi-9,19-ciclolanost-23,26-olideo-O- β-d-xilopiranosideo

26-deoxiacteina, 23-epi-26-deoxiacteina e acteina Chen et al., 2002b cicloartano glycosideo e cimigenol 3-O-β-d-xilopiranosideo Wende et al., 2001

21-hidroxicimigenol-3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosideo, 21-hidroxicimigenol-3-O-β-d-xilopiranosideo, cimigenol-3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosideo, 12β-acetoxicimigenol-3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosideo, 24-acetilisodahurinol-3-O-β-d-xilopiranosideo, 20(S),22(R),23(S),24(R)- 16β:23;22:25-diepoxi-12β-acetoxi-3β,23,24-triidroxi-9,19-cicloanost-7-eno-3-O-β-d-xilopiranosideo, 20(S),22(R),23(S),24(R)- Shao et al., 2000 16β:23;22:25-diepoxi-12β-acetoxi-3β,23,24-triidroxi-9,19-cicloanost-7-en-3-O-α-l-arabinopiranosideo e 20(S),22(R),23(S),24(R)- 16β:23;22:25-diepoxi-12β-acetoxi-3β,23,24-triidroxi-9,19-cicloanostane-3-O-β-d-xilopiranosideo

ácido 5-O-(4‘-[β-d-glucopiranosil]-trans-feruloil)quinico, ácido neoclorogenico, ácido clorogenico, hidrastina e berberina McNamara et al., 2004 105 Hydrastis canadensis L.* hidrastinina, berberastina, tetraidroberberastina, canadalina, berberina, hidrastina e canadina Weber et al., 2003

Rhamnaceae

Discaria americana Gillies & 106 discareno C, discareno D, franganino, adouetino Y' (=miriantino B), miriantino A, discarino B, discarino C, discarino D e adouetino Y Giacomelli et al., 2001 Hook.

Rosaceae

(6S,9R)-roseosideo, (6S,9R)-vomifoliol-9-O-β-D-apiofuranosil-(1''→6')-β-D-glucopiranosideo, (6S,9R)-vomifoliol-9-O-β-D- xilopiranosil(1''→6')-β-D-glucopiranosideo, (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionil-9-O-β-D-glucopiranosideo, eriojaposideo A, procianidina B-2, Ito et al., 2002 procianidina C-1, procianidina oligomero, cinchonaina Id 7-O-β-D-glucopiranosideo, cinchonaina IIb, (2S)-naringenina 8-C-α-L- Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) ramnopiranosil (1''→2')-β-D-glucopiranosideo e (-)-epigalocatequina 3-O-gallato 107 Lindl.* eriojaposideo A [(6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionil-9-O-β-xilopiranosil-(1''→6')-β-glucopiranosideo], eriojaposideo B [(6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-inonil-9-O-α- ramnopiranosil-(1''→6')-β-glucopiranosideo], (6S,9R)-vomifoliol-9-O-β-apiofuranosil-(1''→6')-O-β-glucopiranosideo, (6S,9R)-vomifoliol- Ito et al., 2001 9-O-β-xilopiranosil-(1''→6')-O-β-glucopiranosideo e ácido 3α-trans-feruloiloxi-2α-hidroxiurs-12-en-28-oico

(E)- e (Z)-furano óxido de linalool, linalool, α-terpineol, (E)-pirano óxido de linalool, 3,7-dimetilocta-1,5-dieno-3,7-diol, hidrato de linalool, 8-hidroxi-6,7-diidrolinalool, (E)- e (Z)-8-hidroxilinalool, (E)- e (Z)-8-hidroxigeraniol, 3-hidroxi-β-damascona, 3-hidroxi-7,8-diidro- Aubert et al., 2003 108 Prunus persica (L.) Batsch* β-ionona, 3-oxo-α-ionol, 3-hidroxi-7,8-diidro-β-ionol, 3-hidroxi-β-ionona, 3-oxo-7,8-diidro-α-ionol, 3-hidroxi-5,6-epoxi-β-ionona, 3-oxo- retro-α-ionol (isomeros I and II), 3-hidroxi-7,8-dehidro-β-ionol, 4,5-diidrovomifoliol e vomifoliol ácido cafeico, ácido clorogenico, catecol, ácido ascorbico, ácido citrico, α-tocoferol e γ-tocoferol Carbonaro et al., 2002 (−)-α-pineno, linalool, norisoprenoides α- e β-ionona Hampel et al., 2007 109 Rubus idaeus L.* 4-arabinosideo, 4‘ (4‘ ‘-acetil) arabinosideo, 4‘ (4‘ ‘-acetil)xilosideo, quercetina e caempferol 3-glucosideos Zafrilla et al., 2001

Rubiaceae 2-etil-5-metilpirazina, 2-etil-6-metilpirazina, 2-etil-3-metilpirazina, 2-metilpirazina, 2,5-dimetilpirazina, 2,6-dimetilpirazina, 2,3- 110 Coffea arabica L.* Richling et al., 2005 dimetilpirazina e 2,3,5-trimetilpirazina

169 Rutaceae

sinefrina, tiramina, N-metiltiramina, octopamina e hordenina Nelson et al., 2007 111 Citrus aurantium L.* sinefrina Mattoli et al., 2005

tricicleno, α-tujeno, α-pineno, canfeno, sabineno, β-pineno, mirceno, octanal, α-felandreno, δ-3-careno, α-terpineno, p-cimeno, limoneno, (Z)-β-ocimeno, (E)-β-ocimeno, γ-terpineno, cis-sabineno hidrato, terpinoleno, trans-sabineno hidrato, linalool, nonanal, óxido de cis-limoneno, óxido de trans-limoneno, canfora, citronelal, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, dihidrocarveol, decanal, octil 112 Citrus medica L.* acetato, nerol, carvona, neral, piperitona, geraniol, timol, undecanal, nonil acetato, metil geranato, citronelil acetato, neril acetato, Verzera et al., 2005 geranil acetato, dodecanal, decil acetato, β-cariofileno, trans-α-bergamoteno, α-humuleno, cis-β-santaleno, (E)-β-farneseno, germacreno D, valenceno, biciclogermacreno, (Z)-α-bisaboleno, β-bisaboleno, γ-elemeno, tetradecanal, 2.3-dimetil-3-(4-metil-3- pentenil)-2-norbornanol, camferenol, α-bisabolol e nootkatona 2-{6‘-(2H-benzo[d]1‘ ‘,3‘ ‘-dioxolen-5‘ ‘-il)hexil}-hidroquinolin-4-ona, 2-{6‘-(2H-benzo[d]1‘ ‘,3‘ ‘-dioxolen-5‘ ‘-il)hexil}-4-metoxi-quinolina, 113 Ruta chalepensis L.* dictamnina, pteleina, skimmianina, rutacridona, isogravacridoneclorina, maculosidina, graveolina, graveolinina, 4-metoxi-1-metil-2(1H)- El Sayed et al., 2000 quinolinona, chalepensina e umbeliferona 5-metoxipsoraleno (5-MOP), 8-metoxipsoraleno (8-MOP) e graveolina Hale et al., 2004 114 Ruta graveolens L.* 1-metil-2-[6‘-(3‘ ‘,4‘ ‘-metilenodioxifenil)hexil]-4-quinolona, 7-hidroxicumarina, 4-hidroxicumarina e 7-metoxicumarina Oliva et al., 2003

Santalaceae

sesquiterpenos de esqueleto bisabolano, sesquiterpenos de esqueleto santalano, (+)-α-nuciferol, (+)-citronelol e geraniol Kim et al., 2005 115 Santalum album L.* (Z)-2β-hidroxi-14-hidro-β-santalol, (Z)-2α-hidroxi-albumol, 2R-(Z)-canfereno-2,13-diol, (Z)-canfereno-2β,13-diol, (Z)-7-hidroxinuciferol, Ochi et al., 2005 (Z)-1β-hidroxi-2-hidrolanceol, (Z)-α-sanitalol, (Z)-β-santalol, (Z)-lanceol, α-santaldiol e β-santaldiol

Saxifragaceae

ácido 3-cafeoilquinico, derivado de ácido p-cumarinico, cafeoilglucose, ácido glucosideo cumarinico, ácido 3-p-cumaroilquinico, p- cumaroilglucose, ácido glucosideo ferulico, feruoilglucose, derivado de ácido glucose sinapico, derivado de ácido hidroxicinamico, Anttonen e Karjalainen, 2006 miricetina, glucosideo, rutinosideo, malonilglucosideo, aureusidina, quercetina, caempferol, isoramnetina, delfinidina 3-O-glucose, delfinidina 3-O-rutinosideo, cianidina 3-O-glucose e cianidina 3-O-rutinosideo delfinidina-3-O-glucosideo, delfinidina-3-O-rutinosideo, cianidina-3-O-glucosideo e cianidina-3-O-rutinosideo Kapasakalidis et al., 2006 limoneno, α-terpineno, linalool, α-terpineol, 4-terpineol e mentol Varming et al., 2006

116 Ribes nigrum L.* produto flavanol-antocianina, delfinidina-3-O-glucosideo, delfinidina-3-O-rutinosideo, cianidina-3-O-glucosideo, cianidina-3-O- rutinosideo, petunidina-3-O-rutinosideo, pelargonidina-3-O-rutinosideo, peonidina-3-O-rutinosideo, malvidina-3-O-rutinosideo, McDougall et al., 2005 cianidina-3-O-arabinosideo, cianidin-3-O-(6'-cumarilglucosideo) e delfinidina-3-O-(6'-cumarilglucosideo)

ácido α-linolenico, ácido estearidonico e ácido γ-linolenico del Castillo et al., 2004

3-O-glucosideos, 3-O-rutinosideos de pelargonidina, cianidina, peonidina, delfinidina, petunidina, malvidina, cianidina 3-O- Slimestad e Solheim, 2002 arabinosideo e 3-O-(6‘ ‘-p-cumaroilglucosideo) de cianidina e delfinidina

3-O-rutinosideos (α-L-ramnosil-D-glucose) e 3-O-glucosideo (β-D-glucopiranosideo) de cianidina e delfinidina Landbo e Meyer, 2001

170 Scrophulariaceae

117 Capraria biflora L. caprariolideos A, B, C e D Collins et al., 2000 5,6,4‘-trihidroxiflavone 7-O-α-l-2,3-di-O-acetilramnopiranosil-(1→6)-β-d-glucopiranosideo, apigenina 7-O-α-l-3-O-acetilramnopiranosil- (1→6)-β-d-glucopiranosideo, apigenina 7-O-α-l-2,3-di-O-acetilramnopiranosil-(1→6)-β-d-glucopiranosideo e eugenil β-d- Li et al., 2004 118 Scoparia dulcis L. glucopiranosideo iso-dulcinol, ácido 4-epi-escopadulcico B, dulcidiol, escopanolal, dulcinol/escopadulciol e escopadiol Ahsan et al., 2003

Solanaceae rel-(17S,20R,22R)-5β,6β:18,20-diepoxi-4β-hidroxi-1,18-dioxowita-2,24-dienolideo (witafisalina M), rel-(17S,20R,22R)-5β,6β:18,20- Acnistus arborescens (L.) 119 diepoxi-4β-hidroxi-18-etoxi-1-oxowita-2,24-dienolideo (witapfisalina F etil eter, witafisalina O) e rel-(17S,20R,22R)-5β,6β:18,20- Veras et al., 2004 Schltdl. diepoxi-4β-hidroxi-1,18-dioxowita-24-enolideo (witafisalina N) 120 Atropa belladonna L.* hiosciamina e escopolamina Bonhomme et al., 2000

saponina do espirostanol, saponina do furostano, saponina do pseudo-furostanol, glicosídeos pregnanicos, glicosídeos colestanicos e Mimaki et al., 2002 derivados glicosilados de pregnano (ácidos carboxílicos e γ-lactonas)

4',5-dihidroxi-7-metoxiflavonol 3-O-[6-O-(E)-3,5-dimetoxi-4-hidroxicinamoil-β-D-glucopiranosil]-(1→2)-O-[α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→6)]-β- D-glucopiranosideo, 4',5-dihidroxi-7-metoxiflavonol 3-O-β-D-xilopiranosil-(1→2)-O-[α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopiranosideo, 121 Cestrum nocturnum L. (25R)-2α,17α-dihidroxispirost-5-en-3β-il O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xilopiranosil-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D- galactopiranosideo, (25R)-spirost-5-eno-2α,3β,15β-triol, (25R)-2α,15β-dihidroxispirost-5-en-3β-il O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-O-β-D- Mimaki et al., 2001 glucopiranosil-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xilopiranosil-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-galactopiranosideo, (25R)-2α,17α-dihidroxispirost-5- en-3β-il O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xilopiranosil-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D- galactopiranoside e (25R)-2α-hidroxispirost-5-en-3β-il O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→2)-O-[O-Rα-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→4)-α-L- ramnopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopiranosideo

4-hidroxibenzaldeido, 3,5-dimetoxibenzaldeido, ácido 4-hidroxibenzoico, ácido vanilico, ácido siringico, metil 4-hidroxibenzoato, metil vanilato, metil siringato, tirosol, 3',5'-dimetoxi-4'-hidroxi-(2-hidroxi)acetofenona, ácido p-coumarico, ácido cafeico, ácido metil ester 122 Cestrum parqui L'Hér. D'Abrosca et al., 2004 cafeico, metil ferulato, ácido p-dihidrocoumarico, ácido metil ester p-dihidrocumarico, ácido dihidrosinapico, 4'-hidroxi-4- metoxichalcona, quercitina e N-(p-carboximetilfenil)-p-hidroxibenzamido

123 Datura metel L. witametelinas I−P, 1,10-seco-witametelina B e 12β-hidroxi-1,10-seco-witametelina B Pan et al., 2007

hiosciamida, diferulato de 1,24-tetracosanediol, 1-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoil)-3-O-nonadecanoil glicerol, grossamida, cannabisina D, cannabisina G, N-trans-feruloil tiramina, 1-O-octadecanoil glicerol, 1-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoil) glicerol, 1-O-(9Z,12Z- 124 Hyoscyamus niger L.* Ma et al., 2002 octadecadienoil)-2-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoil) glicerol, 1-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoil)-3-O-(9Z-octadecenoil) glicerol, rutina, ácido vanilico, β-sitosterol e daucosterol

125 Nicotiana tabacum L.* nornicotina Gavilano et al., 2006 witangulatinas B−H, fisalina W, fisapruna A, witafisanolideo, diidrowitanolideo E, fisanolideo A, witafisalina A e fisalinas B, D, F, G, I, J, Damu et al., 2007 126 Physalis angulata L. T, U e V fisanolideo A, fisalinas U e V Kuo et al., 2006

127 Physalis peruviana L. ácido linoleico, ácido oleico, ácido palmitico, ácido estearico, campesterol, β-sitosterol, β-tocoferol e γ-tocoferol Ramadan e Mörsel, 2003

171 2-metilpropanol, butanol, 2-metilbutanol, 3-hidroxi-2-butanona, 2-heptanol, hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, ácido acetico, metil 3- hidroxibutanoato, etil 3-hidroxibutanoato, ácido 2-metilpropanoico, ácido butanoico, ácido 2-metilbutanoico, etil 3-hidroxihexanoato, α- terpineol, butil 3-hidroxibutanoato, metil 2-hidroxibenzoato, ácido hexanoico, guaiacol, benzil alcool, etil 3-hidroxioctanoato, γ- octalactona, 2-feniletanol, δ-octalactona, fenol, etil 5-hidroxioctanoato, 3-fenilpropanol, ácido octanoico, 4-vinilguaiacol, p-ment-4(8)- Mayorga et al., 2001 eno-1,2-diol, ácido decanoico, ácido geranoico, 4-vinilfenol, ácido benzoico, ácido 3,4-dimetilbenzoico, 1-fenil-1,2-propanediol, 4- vinilsiringol, ácido 9-(Z)-octadecenoico, ácido cinamico, ácido hexadecanoico, (1S,2S)-1-fenilpropano-1,2-diol 2-O-β-D- glucopiranosideo e p-ment-4(8)-eno-1,2-diol 1-Oα-L-arabinopiranosil-(1-6)-β-D-glucopiranosideo

128 Physalis viscosa L. fisalosideo A Ovenden et al., 2005

(20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5α,6α:22,26:24,25-triepoxi-26-hidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolideo A), (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-22,26:24,25-diepoxi-5α,6β,26-triidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpichrolideo C), Bado et al., 2004 (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5α,6α;22,26:24,25-triepoxi-15,26-diidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolideo G) e (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5α,6α:22,26:24,25-triepoxi-1,26-diidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraeno (salpichrolideo B)

(20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5α,6α:22,26:24,25-triepoxi-26-hidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolideo A), (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-22,26:24,25-diepoxi-5α,6β,26-triidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolideo C) e Salpichroa origanifolia Mareggiani et al., 2002 129 (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5α,6α:22,26:24,25-triepoxi-15,26-diidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolideo (Lam.) Baill. G)

5α,6α:22,26:24,25-triepoxi-16α,26-diidroxi-18(13→17)-abeo-ergosta-2,13-dien-1-ona (salpicrolideo N), 5α,6α:22,26:24,25-triepoxi- 15α,26-diidroxiergosta-2,16-dien-1-ona (salpicrolideo L), 5α,6α:22,26-diepoxi-24,25,26-triidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17- Tettamanzi et al., 2001 tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolide M), 5α,6α:22,25:22,26-triepoxi-24-hidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolideo J) e 5α,6α:22,26-diepoxi-22,24,25-triidroxi-17(13→18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-ona (salpicrolideo K)

salpicrolideo A, salpicrolideo C e salpicrolideo G Mareggiani et al., 2000 kunzeaol (6-α-hidroxigermacra-1(10),4-dieno) e ledol Szafranek et al., 2006 N1,N12-Bis(diidrocafeoil)espermine (kukoamina A) e N1,N8-bis(diidrocafeoil)espermidina Parr et al., 2005 α-solanina e α-chaconina Turakainen et al., 2004 ácido linoleico, ácido linolenico e ácido palmitico Dobson et al., 2004 130 Solanum tuberosum L. - Reyes e Cisneros-Zevallos, 2003 solanidina Nikolic e Stankovic, 2003 violaxantina, anteraxantina, luteina, zeaxantina, neoxantina, β-criptoxantina e β-caroteno Breithaupt e Bamedi, 2002 α-chaconina, α-solanina Sotelo e Serrano, 2000

Sterculiaceae

Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) (+)-catequina, cafeina, (−)-epicatequina, procianidina B1 [epicatequina-(4β→8)-catequina] e procianidina B2 [epicatequina-(4β→8)- 131 Atawodi et al., 2007 Schott & Endl.* epicatequina]

172 132 Theobroma cacao L. teobromina e cafeina Bucheli et al., 2001

Theaceae

teasaponinas A1, A2, A3, F1, F2 e F3 Morikawa et al., 2006

Camellia sinensis (L.) florateasaponinas A−C Yoshikawa et al., 2005 133 Kuntze* epigalocatequina galato, ácido galico e (+) catequina Chandra e Mejia, 2004 (−)-epicatequina, (+)-catequina, 3-galato de (−)-epigalocatequina , (−)-epicatequina, 3-galato de (−)-epicatequina e cafeina Lin et al., 2003

Turneraceae

ácido luteolina 8-C-(E)-propenoico, luteolina 8-C-β-[6-deoxi-2-O-(α-l-ramnopiranosil)-xilo-hexopiranos-3-ulosideo], apigenina 7-O-(6‘ ‘- Turnera diffusa Willd. ex 134 O-p-Z-cumaroil-β-d-glucopiranosideo), apigenina 7-O-(4‘ ‘-O-p-Z-cumaroilglucosideo), siringetina 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→6)-β-d- Zhao et al., 2007 Schult. glucopiranosideo] e laricitina 3-O-[β-d-glucopiranosil-(1→6)-β-d-glucopiranosideo]

Valerianaceae

135 Valeriana officinalis L. valerenal, acetato de bornila, 15-acetoxi valeranona, ácido valerenico e canfeno Letchamo et al., 2004

Verbenaceae

α-pineno, sabineno, 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ona, p-cimeno, limoneno, 1,8-cineol, cis-sabineno hidrato, cis-tujona, citronelal, neral, 136 Aloysia citriodora Palau Gil et al., 2007 piperitona, geranial, geranil acetato, beta-cariofileno, ar-curcumeno, epi-cubebol, spatulenol, óxido de cariofileno e tau-cadinol

Avicennia marina (Forssk.) avicenona A, avicenona B, avicenona C, avicenona D, avicenona E, avicenona F, avicenona G, avicequinona A, estenocarpoquinona 137 Han et al., 2007 Vierh. B, avicequinona C, avicenol A e avicenol C

138 Lantana camara L. lantanosideo, lantanona, linarosideo e ácido camarinico Begum et al., 2000

Vitaceae

procianidina B1, catequina, procianidina, delfinidina, epicatequina, cianidina, petunidina, peonidina, malvidina, miricetina, resveratrol, 139 Vitis vinifera L.* Thimothe et al., 2007 quercetina, ácido galico e caempferol Cortell et al., 2007a; Cortell et al., malvidina-3-O-glucosideo, delfinidina-, cianidina-, petunidina e peonidina-3-O-glucosideos 2007b clorofla a, clorofila b, delfinidina, cianidina, petunidina, peonidina e malvidina 3-glucosideo Agati et al., 2007 β-caroteno, luteina, β-damascenona, β-ionona e 1,1,6-trimetil-1,2-diidronaftaleno Bindon et al., 2007 - Fernández et al., 2007 ácido cafeico, ácido galico, rutina, ácido erulico, ácido protocatecuico, (+)-catequina, (−)-epicatequina e trans-resveratrol Stagos et al., 2007 (+)-catequina, (-)-epicatequina, (-)-epigallocatequina, (-)-epicatequina, (-)-epicatequina-3-O-galato Aron e Kennedy, 2007

3-glucosideos e 3-glucuronideos de miricetina e quercetina e 3-glucosideos de caempferol e isoramnetina, laricitrina, siringetina, 3- Castillo-Muñoz et al., 2007 galactosideos de caempferol e laricitrina, 3-glucuronideos de caempferol e 3-(6‘ ‘-acetil)glucosideos de quercetina e siringetina

173 ácido caféico e quercetina Koşar et al., 2007 flavan-3-ol Cadot et al., 2006 (−)-epicatequina, (−)-epigalocatequina, (+)-catequina, (−)-epicatequina-3-O-galato, delfinidina, cianidina, petunidina, malvidina e Cortell e Kennedy, 2006 peonidina glucosideos trans-resveratrol, piceatanol, polifenólicos não-estilbenos e glucosídeos derivados de ácidos fenólicos Püssa et al., 2006 delfinidina-3-glucosideo, cianidina-3-glucosideo, petunidina-3-glucosideo, peonidina-3-glucosideo, malvidina-3-glucosideo, delfinidina- 3-acetilglucosideo, cianidina-3-acetilglucosideo, petunidina-3-acetilglucosideo, delfinidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo (cis), peonidina-3- acetilglucosideo, malvidina-3-acetilglucosideo, delfinidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo, cianidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo (cis), petunidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo (cis), malvidina-3-cafeoilglucosideo, cianidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo, petunidina-3-(p- cumaroil)glucosideo, peonidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo (cis), malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo (cis), peonidina-3-(p- cumaroil)glucosideo, malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo, tipo-A de vitisina de delfinidina-3-glucosideo, tipo-A de vitisina de delfinidina- 3-acetilglucosideo, tipo-A de vitisina de cianidina-3-glucosideo, tipo-A de vitisina de petunidina-3-glucosideo, tipo-A de vitisina de petunidina-3-acetilglucosideo, tipo-A de vitisina de peonidina-3-glucosideo, tipo-B de vitisina de petunidina-3-glucosideo, vitisina A , tipo-A de vitisina de delfinidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo,tipo- A de vitisina de peonidina-3-acetilglucosideo, tipo-A de vitisina de malvidina-3-acetilglucosideo, vitisina B, tipo-A de vitisina de petunidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo, malvidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinil procianidina dimero, 4 tipo-B de vitisina de malvidina-3-acetilglucosideo, malvidina-3-acetilglucosideo-4-vinil procianidina dimero, tipo- Boido et al., 2006 A de vitisina de malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo, delfinidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilfenol, petunidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilcatecol, malvidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilcatequina, tipo-B de vitisina de malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo, petunidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilfenol, malvidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilepicatequina, malvidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilcatecol, peonidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilfenol, malvidina-3- glucosideo-4-vinilfenol, peonidina-3-glucosideo-4-vinilguaiacol, malvidina-3-acetilglucosideo-4-vinilcatecol, malvidina-3-glucosideo-4- vinilguaiacol, malvidina-3-acetilglucosideo-4-vinilfenol, malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo-4-vinilcatecol, malvidina-3-acetilglucosideo- 4-vinilguaiacol, malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo-4-vinilfenol, malvidina-3-glucosideo-galocatequina, delfinidina-3-glucosideo- catequina, petunidina-3-glucosideo-catequina, peonidina-3-glucosideo-catequina, malvidina-3-glucosideo-catequina, malvidina-3- acetilglucosideo-catequina, malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo-catequina, petunidina-3-glucosideo-8-etil-catequina, malvidina-3- glucosideo-8-etil-galocatequina, malvidina-3-glucosideo-8-etil-epicateqiina, malvidina-3-glucosideo-8-etil-catequina, malvidina-3- acetilglucosideo-8-etil-(epi)catequina e malvidina-3-(p-cumaroil)glucosideo-8-etil-(epi)catequina 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, benzil alcool, 2-fenil etanol, metil salicilato, ácido benzoico, 4-metilfenol, dimetoxifenol isomero, 4-vinilguaiacol, 3-metoxibenzenemetanol, vanilina, acetovanilona, 3,4-dimetoxifenol, zingerona, butirovanilona, homovanilil alcool isomero, cis-dihidroconiferil alcool, 4-hidroxibenzaldeido, 3,4,5-trimetoxifenol, siringaldeido, 3,5-dimetoxibenzenemetanol, óxido trans-furan-linalool, geraniol, (Z)-2,6-dimetil-2,7-octadieno-1,6-diol, (E)-2,6-dimetil-2,7-octadieno-1,6-diol, 7-hidroxiterpineol, 2,6- Koundouras et al., 2006 dimetil-2,6-octadieno-1,8-diol isomero, 2,2,6-trimetil-6-viniltetrahidropiran, 3,7-dimetil-1,5-octadiene-3,7-diol (terpenediol 1), 3,7-dimetil- 1,5-octadieno-3,7-diol (terpenediol 2), 3,4-dihidro-3-oxo-actinidol, 3-hidroxi-β-damascona, 3,4-dehidro-7,8-dihidro-β-ionona, 3-oxo-α- ionol, 3-hidroxi-7,8-dihidro-β-ionol, 3-hidroxi-5,6-epoximegastigm-7-eno-9-ona, 3-hidroxi-7,8-didehidro-β-ionol, cetona "grasshopper" e vomifoliol

ácido galico, procianidina B3, procianidina B1, catequina, procianidina B2, epicatequina ,procianidina c1 e procianidina eb5 Janisch et al., 2006 delfinidina-3-glucosideo, cianidina-3-glucosideo, petunidina-3-glucosideo, peonidina-3-glucosideo, malvidina-3-glucosideo, cianidina-3- (6-acetil)glucosideo, peonidina-3-(6-acetil)glucosideo, delfinidina-3-(6-p-cumaroil)glucosideo, cianidina-3-(6-p-cumaroil)glucosideo, petunidina-3-(6-p-cumaroil)glucosideo, peonidina-3-(6-p-cumaroil)glucosideo, malvidina-3-(6-p-cumaroil)glucosideo, ácido trans- Monagas et al., 2006 caftarico, quercetina-3-O-galactosideo, quercetina-3-O-glucuronideo, quercetina-3-O-glucosideo, caempferol-3-O-galactosideo, caempferol-3-O-glucuronideo, caempferol-3-O-glucosideo e quercetina

2-metil-3-furanotiol e 2-furanometanotiol Tominaga e Dubourdieu, 2006 (−)-epigalocatequina Cortell et al., 2005

174 (S)-linalool, (E)-β-ocimeno e (E,E)-R-farneseno Hampel et al., 2005 - Corcho-Corral et al., 2005

Krasnow e Murphy, 2004; Adrian resveratrol et al., 2000

linalool, geraniol e nerol Luan et al., 2004

(+)-catequina, (-)-epicatequina, galoilationa, (-)-epicatequina-3-O-galato, 4β-(2-aminoetiltio)catequina, 4β-(2-aminoetiltio)epicatequina Selga et al., 2004 e 4β-(2-aminoetiltio)epicatequina-3-O-galato

ácido caftarico, malvidina 3-glucosideo, ácido cafeico e pinotina A Schwarz et al., 2004a

(+)-catequina, (−)-epicatequina, dímeros de procianidina (B3, B1, B4 e B2), trímeros (T2 e C1) e dimeros com unidade galato (B2-3-O- Monagas et al., 2003 galato, B2-3‘-O-galato e B1-3-O-galato)

vitisina A Schwarz et al., 2003 isobutil acetato, isoamil acetato, etil hexanoato, etil piruvato, hexil acetato, etil lactato, etil octanoato, etil 3-hidroxibutirato, isoamil lactato, etil decanoato, dietil sucinato, 2-feniletil acetato, etil 4-hidroxibutirato, dietil malato, dietil 2-hidroxiglutarato, etil fenilactato, etil sucinato, 2-metil-1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2- e 3-metil-1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 4-metil-1-pentanol, 3-metil-1-pentanol, 3-etoxi-1-propanol, 3-(metiltio)-1-propanol, benzil alcool 2-feniletanol, 1-hexanol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, limoneno, linalool, α-terpineol, nerol, geraniol, hodiol I (trans-3,7-dimetil-1,5-octadieno-3,7-diol), ácido propanoico, ácido 2-metilpropanoico (isobutirico), ácido butirico, ácido 2- e 3-metilbutanoico (isovalerico), ácido hexanoico, ácido octanoico, ácido decanoico, acetoina, benzaldeido, γ-butirolactona, 2-hidroxi-3,3-dimetil-γ-butirolactona (pantolactona), 4-(carboetoxi)-γ-butirolactona, 4-vinilguaiacol, 4- Boido et al., 2003 vinilfenol, óxido trans-linalool (furanoide), óxido cis-linalool (furanoide), hotrienol (3,7-dimetil-1,5,7-octatrien-3-ol), óxido trans-linalool (piranoide),óxido cis-linalool (piranoide), trans-8-hidroxilinalool (trans-3,7-dimetil-1,6-octadieno-3,8-diol), cis-8-hidroxilinalool (cis-3,7- dimetil-1,6-octadieno-3,8-diol), ácido trans-geranico (ácido trans-3,7-dimetil-2,6-octadien-1-oico), p-ment-1-eno-7,8-diol, 3,4-dihidro-3- oxoactinidols (forma isomerica), 3-hidroxi-β-damascona, 3-oxo-R-ionol, 4-oxo-β-ionol, 4-oxo-7,8-dihidro-β-ionol, 3-oxo-7,8-dihidro-R- ionol, grasshopper cetona, vomifoliol, 7,8-dihidrovomifoliol, benzil alcool, 2-feniletanol, 4-vinilguaiacol, 4-vinilfenol, metil vanilato, zingerona [3-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)butan-2-ona], 3-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxi-fenil)-1-propanol, metil 2,5-dihidroxibenzoato, tirosol [2-(4- hidroxi-fenil)etanol] e 3,4,5-trimetoxifenol benzenometanotiol Tominaga et al., 2003 caempferol, quercetina, miricetina, flavonol glicosideo e prodelfinidina Torres et al., 2002 (+)-catequina, (-)-epicatequina, 3β-O-galato, (+)-catequina 3-O-galato, (-)-epicatequina 3-O-galato, α-tocoferol e ácido galico Simonetti et al., 2002

4β-(2-aminoetiltio)epicatequina, 4β-(2-aminoetiltio)epicatequina 3-O-galato, 4β-(2-aminoetiltio)catequina, (+)-catequina, (-)- Torres e Bobet, 2001 epicatequina e (-)-epicatequina 3-O-galato

175 hexan-1-ol, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol, 3-metilbut-3-en-1-ol, pentanol, 3-metilbut-3-en-1-ol + pentan-1-ol, 2-metilbut-2-en-1- ol, heptan-1-ol, óxido furan linalool + 6-metilhept-5-en-2-ol, e-metilheptanol, óxido trans-furan linalool, óxido cis-furan linalool + 6- metilhept-5-en-2-ol, óxido de nerol + óxido cis-furan linalool, linalool, α-terpineol, óxido trans-piran linalool, óxido cis-piran linalool, citronelol + óxido cis-piran linalool, nerol + 1-feniletanol, nerol, geraniol, 3,7-dimetilocta-1,5-dieno-3,7-diol, 3,7-dimetilocta-1,7-dieno- 3,6-diol, 6,7-dihidro-7-hidroxilinalool+ citronelol hidrato, p-mentan-7-ol, nerol hidrato + (E)-8-hidroxilinalool, geraniol hidrato + (Z)-8- hidroxilinalool, ácido geranico, p-ment-1-eno-7,8-diol, (E) 8-hidroxinerol, (Z) 8-hdroxigeraniol, (E) 8-hidroxigeraniol, ácido geranico hidrato, metil salicilato, nerol + 1-feniletanol, guaiacol, benzil alcool, 2-feniletanol, alcool metil benzilico, fenol, eugenol, 4-vinilguaiacol, 4-metoxibenzeno metanol, 4-vinilfenol, acetovanilona, vanilina, metil vanilato, 3,4-dimetoxifenol, etil homovanilato, benzil salicilato, vanilol, zingerona, vaniloil metil cetona, tirosol isomero, 2-(4-guaiacil)-etanol, 3,5-dimetoxifenol, zingerol, 4-hidroxibenzaldeido, 4- Wirth et al., 2001 hidroxibenzaldeido + metil 4-hidroxibenzoato, siringaldeido + metil 4-hidroxibenzoato, metil siringoato, 3-(4-guaiacil)propanol, raspberry cetona, metil 2,6-dihidroxibenzoato, tirosol, 3,4,5-trimetoxifenol, 4-(4-hidroxifenil)butan-2-ol, 4-oxoisoforona, 3,4-dihidro-3- oxoactinidol, 3-oxo-α-damascona, 3,4-dihidro-3-oxoactinidol II, 3,4-dihidro-3-oxoactinidol III, 3-hidroxi-β-damascona, 3,4-dihidro-3- oxoactinidol IV, 3-hidroximegastigman-9-ona, 3-hidroxi-7,8-dihidro-β-ionona, megastigm-7-eno-3,9-diol, 3-oxo-α-ionol, megastigman- 3,9-diol, 3-hidroxi-7,8-dihidro-β-ionol, 4-oxo-7,8-dihidro-β-ionol, 3-hidroxi-β-ionona, 3,4-dihidro-3-hidroxiactinidol I, 3-oxo-7,8-dihidro-α- ionol, 3-hidroxi-5,6-epoxi-β-ionona, 3-oxo-α-retroionol I, 3-hidroxi-7,8-dehidro-β-ionol, 3,4-dihidro-3-hidroxiactinidol II, 3-oxo-α- retroionol II, 4,5-dihidrovomifoliol, 3,6-dihidroxi-megastigm-7-en-9-ol, 3,6-dihidroxi-megastigm-7-en-9-ona, vomifoliol, isololiolide e 7,8- dihidrovomifoliol dehidrodimero do (E)-resveratrol 11-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, dehidrodimero do (E)-resveratrol 11‘-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, Waffo-Teguo et al., 2001 dehidrodimero do (E)- resveratrol e palidol ácido galico, procianidina trimero, procianidina tetramero, procianidina dimero, procianidina dimero, procianidina trimero, catequina, procianidina dimero, procianidina dimero, epicatequina, monogaloilado procianidina dimero, epicatequina galato e procianidina Peng et al., 2001 polimerica cis-1-(5-etenil-5-metiltetraidrofuran-2-il)-1-metiletil O-β-d-apiofuranosil-(1→6)-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, (E)-3,6,9-triidroximegastigm-7- eno 9-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo, 2-fenilletil O-β-d-apiofuranosil-(1→6)-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo e 2-[4-(3-hidroxipropil)-2- Baltenweck-Guyot et al., 2000 metoxifenoxi]propano-1,3-diol 4-mercapto-4-metilpentan-2-ona, 4-mercapto-4-metilpentan-2-ol, 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol Gachons et al., 2000 2-furanometanotiol Tominaga et al., 2000

rutina, (+)-catequina, diosmina, ácido ascorbico, 6-n-propil-2-tiouracila, ácido gálico, B3 (dimero), B1 (dimero), T2 (trimero), B4 Castillo et al., 2000 (dimero), B2 (dimero), B2-3'-O-galato, (-)-epicatequina, B1-3-O-galato, C1 (trimero), polímeros de procianidinas

1-hexanol, Z 3-hexen-1-ol, E 2-hexen-1-ol, 2-metilbutanol, 3-metilbutanol, 3-metil-3-buten-1-ol + pentanol, 2-metil-2-buten-1-ol, benzil alcool, 2-feniletanol, óxido cis-furan-linalool, óxido cis-piran-linalool, óxido trans-piran-linalool, nerol, geraniol, 3,7-dimetil-1,5-octadien- 3,7-diol, (E)-8-hidroxilinalool, geraniol hidrato + (Z)-8-hidroxi linalool, ácido geranico, p-1-menten-7,8-diol, metil salicilato, guaiacol, fenol + o-cresol, eugenol, 4-vinilguaiacol, 4-vinilfenol, metil vanilato, acetovanilona, 3,4-dimetoxifenol, etil homovanilato, benzil Bureau et al., 2000 salicilato, zingerona, vanilol, vaniloil metil cetona, tirosol isomero, guaiacil etanol, siringaldeido + metil 4-hidroxi-benzoato, metil siringoato, guaiacil propanol, metil 2,6-ihidroxibenzoato + tirosol, 3-hidroxi-β-damascona, 3-oxo-α-ionol, 3-hidroxi-7,8-dihidro-β-ionol, 4-oxo-7,8-dihidro-β-ionol + 3-hidroxi-β-ionona, 3-oxo-3,4-dihidro-actinidiolide, 3-oxo-7,8-dihidro-α-ionol, 4,5-dihidrovomifoliol, vomifoliol e 7,8-dihidrovomifoliol

Zingiberaceae

140 Curcuma longa L.* curcuminoides Ma e Gang, 2006 Park et al., 2005; Manzan et al., curcumina, demetoxicurcumina e bisdemetoxicurcumina 2003 - Nishiyama et al., 2005

176 ar-turmerona, (Z)-γ-atlantona, (E)-γ-atlantona, ar-turmeronol, (Z)-α-atlantona e curcuminoides Braga et al., 2003 turmerona, borneol, 1,8-cineol, sabineno e curcumina Kim et al., 2003

3-(3‘-metoxi-4‘-hidroxifenil)propenoato de 4‘ ‘-(3‘ ‘‘-metoxi-4‘ ‘‘-hidroxifenil)-2‘ ‘-oxobut-3"enila (calebina A), 1,7-bis(4-hidroxi-3- metoxifenil)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-ona, 1,7-bis(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-1,6-heptadieno-3,5-diona (curcumina), 1-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)- 7-(4-hidroxifenil)-1,6-heptadieno-3,5-diona (demetoxicurcumina), 1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)-1,6-heptadieno-3,5-diona Park e Kim, 2002 (bisdemetoxicurcumina), 1-hidroxi-1,7-bis(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-6-hepteno-3,5-diona, 1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)-1-hepteno-3,5-diona, 1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-ona e 1,5-bis(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-1,4-pentadien-3-ona

turmerona e ar-turmerona Gopalan et al., 2000 1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)-2,4,6-heptatrienona, demetoxicurcumina, 1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-ona, 16-hidroxilabda- Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. 141 8(17),11,13-trien-15,16-olideo, estigmast-4-en-3-ona, estigmast-4-eno-3,6-diona, estigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-ona e 5α,8α-epidioxiergosta- Mohamad et al., 2005 Sm.* 6,22-dien-3β-ol

5-[4-hidroxi-6-(4-hidroxifenetil)tetrahidro-2H-piran-2-il]-3-metoxibenzeno-1,2-diol, (E)-7-hidroxi-1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)hept-5-eno-3S- Tao et al., 2008 sulfonato de sódio, (E)-7-hidroxi-1,7-bis(4-hidroxifenil)hept-5-eno-3R-sulfonato de sódio e hidroxicineol-10-O-β-d-glucopiranosideo

zingibereno, ar-curcumeno, β-bisaboleno e β-sesquifelandreno Wohlmuth et al., 2006 142 Zingiber officinale Roscoe* 2-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)etanol e ácido 2-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifeni)etanoico Kato et al., 2006 [8], [10] e [6]-gingerol Wohlmuth et al., 2005 geranial Sekiwa-Iijima et al., 2001 * Espécies exóticas

177 178

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Abstract

Ethnopharmacological surveys investigate the use of plants and other medicinal and toxic substances by different populations. One of its approaches is researching on the available knowledge of medicinal plants in published literature. The purpose of the current study was read the literary work of Pio Correa and extracts the plants with psychoactive effects. Those plants were classified in: stimulants of Central Nervous System, depressors and disturbants. Current phytochemical studies about these plant species were searched in scientific periodicals and all these information were compiled into a Database, in order to verify the existence or not, of a correlation between chemical compounds present in these plants and their psychoactive categories. From 813 plants extracted from the literary work, 474 belong to stimulants category, 245 to depressors, and 13 to disturbants and there were found phytochemical studies to 77, 31 and 3 (three) of them, respectively. There were observed few variation comparing the chemical compounds presented in the stimulants and depressors categories (phenols, flavonoids, volatiles, carotenoids and steroids), although in different frequencies. However it was observed predominance of some chemical compounds among the plants belonging to uses of each psychoactive category, such as: tonics/fortificants (phenols, flavonóides and volatiles); stimulants/excitants (volatiles, phenols, alkaloids and flavonoids); anxiolytic/hypnotic/sedative (flavonoids and steroids). Among the plants studied, the following families had predominated with their respective chemical compounds: Asteraceae (phenols, flavonoids and volatile compounds), Solanaceae (steroids), Lamiaceae (volatile compounds) and Fabaceae (flavonoids and tannins).These results will facilitate the selection of plant species to be investigated by researchers that focus the psychoactive plants as potentials therapeutics.

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Glossário accidentes nervosos / acidentes nervosos - convulsões, tremores, crises nervosas e movimentos coréicos. afecções nervosas – doenças nervosas (insônia, epilepsia, ansiedade, depressão…etc). asthenia/astenia - fraqueza, cansaço. Ausência ou perda de força muscular; fraqueza muscular freqüente na fase invasiva das doenças infecciosas. diminuição das forças, de origem nervosa, ou motivada por fadiga ou doença orgânica. atonia dos nervos - fraqueza, debilidade geral, inércia; perda da tonicidade. Estupor com imobilidade completa observada na esquizofrenia catatônica. catalepsia – doença letárgica caracterizada pela imobilidade do corpo e pela rigidez dos músculos; manutenção rígida de uma posição corporal por um extenso período de tempo. Estado no qual o paciente conserva seus membros em uma posição que lhe foi dada por terceiros. Síndrome caracterizada pela perda de movimentos e conservação de postura, com estado de semiconsciência, ou mesmo lucidez, sobrevindo por crises e sem rigidez ou flacidez musculares. Aparece na histeria, na hipnose, eventualmente na uremia, nas meningites agudas, hemorragias meníngeas e cerebrais, abscesso do cerebelo, epilepsia, confusão mental e infecções diversas. chlorose/clorose - doença feminil caracterizada por uma palidez esverdinhada e excessiva fraqueza; forma de anemia ferropriva. choréa/corea/coreia – doença do sistema nervoso caracterizada por movimentos involuntários;

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movimentos convulsivos, rápidos, forçosos e involuntários que podem ser sutis ou se tornar confluentes, alterando marcadamente os padrões de movimento. Hipotonia e reflexos pendulares estão geralmente associados. As condições caracterizadas por episódios persistentes ou recidivantes de coréia como manifestação primária da doença são referidas como transtornos coreáticos. A coréia é também uma manifestação freqüente das doenças dos gânglios da base. cordial - do coração; verdadeiro. Que conforta o coração. Remédio confortativo; relativo ao coraçõa, afetuoso. Estimulante, vigorante. Medicamento, bebida ou comida estimulantes, reconfortantes; bebida ou medicamento que reanima ou fortalece. debilidade nervosa - fraqueza nervosa, falta de forças; enfraquecimento. eclampsia – afecção que se manifesta nas parturientes ou nas mulheres que estão próximas do termo da gestação, caracterizada por espasmos convulsivos epileptiformes e urinas albuminúricas; estado caracterizado por ataques convulsivos de início brusco, que pode se manifestar nos últimos meses de gravidez, durante ou após o parto. A pré-eclâmpsia caracteriza-se por edema generalizado, proteinúria e hipertensão, que pode evoluir para convulsão e coma. estupefaciente – que causa estupefacção, medicamento entorpecedor; entorpecente, narcótico; medicamento que produz uma espécie de inércia física e mental. hypocondria/hipocondria – carácter triste e melancólico causado pela idéia de doenças imaginárias, melancolia, tristeza profunda; preocupação mórbida com saúde, muitas vezes associada a uma doença imaginária. Mania de doença.

247 hysteria/histeria – psiconeurose que se observa principalmente nas mulheres e se caracteriza por falta de controle de atos e emoções e diversos outros sintomas (paralisias, distúrbios visuais, crises semelhantes a ataques epilépticos) que podem ocorrer por sugestão ou auto-sugestão. Índole caprichosa ou desequilibrada;

neurose caracterizada por perturbações passageiras da inteligência, da sensibilidade e do movimento, assim como por sinais permanentes. Loucura, excitação vivíssima.

lethargia/letargia – sonolência anormal ou estupor, torpor mental. Estado soporífero de indiferença, sonolência, modorra, sono artificial provocado por meio de sugestão (hipnose) ou medicamento (narcose); sono profundo em que a circulação e a respiração parecem estar suspensas. Apatia, indolência extrema. melancholia/melancolia – psicose caracterizada por depressão intensa, inibição, angústia, insônia, idéias de suicídio, sintomatologia esta que se manifesta por crises; tristeza profunda e duradoura. Hipocondria. narcótico(a)/narcose - que ou o que provoca o sono, embota a sensibilidade, tal como o ópio, os barbitúricos etc.; sonífero, soporífero; termo originalmente utilizado para descrever todas as substâncias derivadas do ópio, mas que serve para definir um grupo de substâncias não-correlatas, cuja distribuição é regulamentada por lei. Que produz sono ou estupor; que entorpece; droga que paralisa as funções do cérebro, isto é, produz sono e alivia a dor. priapismo – ereção involuntária e dolorosa do pênis, sintomática de diversas doenças. Excitação sexual exagerada; orgasmo excessivo. Erecção dolorosa e persistente, sem desejo sexual;

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ereção peniana prolongada, não associada com estimulação sexual.

Fonte: Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/dlpo.aspx), Pdamed – Dicionário Digital de Termos Médicos (http://www.pdamed.com.br/diciomed/pdamed_0001_aa.php), Dicionário Aurélio da Língua Portuguesa e Dicionário Michaelis da Língua Portuguesa.