Quidditas Volume 14 Article 3 1993 Crusader Warfare Revisited: A Revisionist Look at R. C. Smail's Thesis: Fortifications and Development of Defensive Planning Paul E. Chevedden Salem State College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Chevedden, Paul E. (1993) "Crusader Warfare Revisited: A Revisionist Look at R. C. Smail's Thesis: Fortifications and Development of Defensive Planning," Quidditas: Vol. 14 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol14/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact
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[email protected]. Crusader Warfare Revisited: A Revisionist Look at R. C. Smail's Thesis: Fortifications and Development of Defensive Planning Paul E. Chevedden alem tate College 1 The influence ofSmail's study he study of medieval military architecture - Islamic, Byzantine, western, and crusader - has received much attention, but the T major emphasis has been placed on archjtectural description. Little attention has been devoted to the study of the development of fortifications during the iddle Ages. Smail's Crusadi11g Warfare, 1097-1193 was not primarily devoted to the subject of fortifications and the development of defensive planning in the crusader states, but his comments on trus topic have been extremely influential and have served to stifle further discussion on this important subject. T he Middle Ages saw notable changes in the design of fortifications, yet Smail denies that any changes in defensive planning occurred during this period.