Strategi Pengembangan Koperasi Di Kabupaten Buru Selatan

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Strategi Pengembangan Koperasi Di Kabupaten Buru Selatan Vol. XI, No.2, Desember 2017 Cita Ekonomika, Jurnal Ekonomi ISSN 1978-3612 STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KOPERASI DI KABUPATEN BURU SELATAN Djufri Rays Pattilouw Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Pattimura Jln. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kode Pos 97233 Ambon ABSTRACT The study aims to identify and map the potential of cooperative development in South Buru Regency, and formulate its development strategy. The analysis used is the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, the Internal-External matrix (IE), and the matrix Strength- Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT). The results of the analysis show that most cooperatives in Buru Selatan Regency have internal performance which is relatively inefficient but the external environment is quite conducive. The recommended development strategies are Weakness to Opportunities (W-O) strategy, namely how to fix weaknesses to optimize opportunities. This result implies that in the future the construction of cooperatives in South Buru can be carried out through four important steps, namely 1) Regeneration (re-purification) of the vision, mission and objectives of cooperatives; 2) Reorient the focus of developing cooperative businesses based on local economic potential; 3) Revitalization of cooperative development programs by the government; 4) Reformulation of cooperative business strategies that are more resilient and competitive. Keywords: Cooperative, Development Strategy, SWOT Matrix JEL Classification : C71, F63, B41 PENDAHULUAN penghalang bagi koperasi untuk dapat berkembang menjadi bisnis skala besar di Indonesia. Koperasi sejak lama telah menjadi bagian yang tidak Pada aspek eksternal,faktor-faktor seperti kondisi terpisahkan dalam sistem perekonomian Indonesia, sosial-budaya, dinamikapolitik, perubahan ekonomi dan bahkan merupakan sokoguru bagi perekonomian kemajuan iptek turut pula memberi andil bagi nasional. Lembaga koperasi dianggap sangat sesuai perkembangan koperasi hingga hari ini. Berbagai dengan kultur dan tata kehidupan bangsa dan menjadi perubahan yang berlangsung pada lingkungan eksternal satu-satunya sektor usaha yang mengemban asas,prinsip, tersebut telah memberi tantangan dan sekaligus peluang dan ideologi ekonomi sebagaimana diamanahkan oleh bagi pengembangan koperasi. Konsekuensinya, manakala konstitusi negara(pasal 33 UUD 1945). Kemampuan koperasi tidak memiliki keunggulan kompetitif koperasi untuk dapat bertahan di saat krisis membuktikan dankemampuan adaptasi maka setiap perubahan tersebut bahwa kondisi ekonomi yang tangguh bisa dibangun di dapat menjadi ancaman, yang pada akhirnya menyisakan atas sendi-sendi ekonomi kerakyatan yang bertumpu pada masalah bagi koperasi. asas kekeluargaan.Berbagai kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh Di Provinsi Maluku sendiri berdasarkan data dari koperasi seperti adanya efisiensi dan skala ekonomi, jelas Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM RI tahun 2014 tercatat menjadikan koperasi sebagai sebuah bentuk badan usaha jumlah koperasi sebanyak 3.225 unit dengan rincian 2.370 yang seharusnya sangat prospektif. unit koperasi aktif dan sisanya sebanyak 855 termasuk Namun dalam perkembangannya harus diakui koperasi yang tidak aktif dengan jumlah anggota koperasi bahwa koperasi sejauh ini masih mengalami kesulitan sebanyak 173,863 orang. Dari total angka tersebut, untuk bisa tumbuhsecara optimal. Progresivitasnya cukup terdapat 112 unit koperasi yang aktif di Kabupaten Buru tertinggal dibandingkan dua pelaku ekonomi lainnya, yakni Selatan atau mengalami peningkatan sebesar 42 unit dari sektor pemerintah (BUMN) dan sektor swasta (BUMS). tahun 2011. Jumlah koperasi terbanyak berada di Beberapa persoalan internalseperti SDM, manajemen, Kecamatan Namrole (37 unit) dan Leksula (28 kelembagaan, dan permodalan diidentifikasi telah menjadi unit).Sedangkan kegiatan koperasi yang relatif minim Vol. XI, No.2, Desember 2017 ISSN 1978-3612 terdapat di Kecamatan Fena Fafan (5 unit) dan Ambalau koperasi.Koperasi Indonesia adalah gerakan ekonomi (8 unit). rakyat.Koperasi Indonesia berasaskan kekeluargaan. Meski secara statistik jumlah koperasi di Kabupaten Buru Selatan mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, Prinsip-Prinsip Koperasi namun peranannya bagi peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat belum terlihat.Padahal potensi ekonomi Prinsip koperasi merupakan dasar kerja sebagai ciri daerah di kabupaten Buru Selatan cukup besar. Kondisi ini khas koperasi yang membedakannya dari badan usaha menggambarkan bahwa kekayaan sumber daya alam dan lain. Soedjono (2007) menyatakan prinsip koperasi potensi lokal yang ada di Kabupaten Buru Selatan belum berdasarkan ICA (International Cooperative Alliance) terdiri termanfaatkan secara optimal melalui jalur koperasi. dari: Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan identifikasi dan 1) Keanggotaan Bersifat Sukarela dan Terbuka pemetaan terhadap profil dan potensi pengembangan Koperasi bersifat sukarela dan terbuka bagi semua koperasi untuk kemudian dijadikan dasar bagi penentuan orang yang bersedia menerima tanggung jawab strategi pengembangan koperasi yang tepat sesuai keanggotaan tanpa membedakan jenis kelamin, karakteristik kewilayahan, kondisi sosial-budaya, dan latar belakang sosial, ras, politik, dan agama. potensi ekonomi lokal yang ada di kabupaten Buru 2) Pengawasan Demokratis oleh Anggota Selatan. Koperasi diawasi oleh para anggotanya, yang secara aktif menetapkan kebijakan dan membuat keputusan. LANDASAN TEORITIS 3) Partisipasi Anggota dalam Kegiatan Ekonomi Para anggota memberi kontribusi permodalan Konsep Dasar Koperasi koperasi secara adil dan melakukan pengawasan Definisi Koperasi terhadap modal tersebut. Anggota merupakan pemilik sekaligus pengguna yang memenuhi Secara harfiah, kata koperasi berasal dari bahasa latin, kebutuhannya melalui koperasi. yaitu cooperatio yang berarti kerja sama atau bekerja sama. 4) Pendidikan, Pelatihan dan Penerangan Konsep koperasi yang saat ini banyak dianut oleh Koperasi memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi beberapa negara adalah koperasi menurut Aliansi para anggota, para manajer dan karyawan agarmereka Koperasi Sedunia (International Cooperative dapatmelakukan tugasnya lebih efektifbagi Alliance/ICA).Pengertian koperasi menurut ICA adalah perkembangan koperasinya.Mereka memberikan perkumpulan otonom dari orang yang bersatu secara penerangan kepada masyarakat umum tentang sukarela untuk memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan dan hakikatperkoperasian dan manfaat koperasi. aspirasi ekonomi, sosial, budaya melalui perusahaan yang 5) Otonomi dan Kemandirian mereka kendalikan secara demokratis.Dengan demikian, Koperasi adalah organisasi otonom, menolong diri koperasi dapat diartikan sebagai kumpulan orang bukan sendiri dan diawasi oleh para anggotanya. kumpulan modal.Hal itu serupa dengan Purna (2006) 6) Kerjasama antar Koperasi yang menyatakan bahwa koperasi pada asasnya bukan Koperasi melayani para anggotanya secara kolektif dan merupakan perkumpulan yang mencari keuntungan, memperkuat gerakan koperasi dengan bekerja sama tetapi mencapai perbaikan hidup dan kesejahteraan melalui organisasi koperasi tingkat lokal, regional, anggota. nasional dan internasional. Di Indonesia, definisi koperasi disebutkan dalam 7) Kepedulian terhadap Masyarakat. UU No.25 tahun 1992, yaitu : “ Badan usaha yang Koperasi melakukan kegiatan untuk beranggotakan orang seorang atau badan hukum koperasi mengembangkan masyarakat sekitarnya secara dengan melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip berkelanjutan. koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang Adapun prinsip-prinsip koperasi menurut berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan.”Berdasarkan batasan UU No.25 Tahun 1992 Prinsip-prinsip koperasi adalah koperasi, koperasi Indonesia mengandung 5 unsur sebagai sebagai berikut: 1) Keanggotaan bersifat sukarela dan berikut:Koperasi adalah badan usaha (Business Enterprise), terbuka. 2) Pengelolaan dilakukan secara demokratis, 3) Koperasi adalah kumpulan orang-orang dan atau badan- Pembagian SHU dilakukan secara adil sebanding dengan badan hukum koperasi. Koperasi Indonesia adalah besarnya jasa usaha masing-masing anggota, 4) Pemberian koperasi yang bekerja berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip balas jasa terhadap modal terbatas, 5) Kemandirian, 6) Pendidikan perkoperasian dan Kerjasama antar koperasi. Cita Ekonomika, Jurnal Ekonomi | 130 Vol. XI, No.2, Desember 2017 ISSN 1978-3612 Saragih (2010) menyatakan bahwa koperasi yang menyediakan pinjaman/modal untuk kepentingan berhasil adalah koperasi yang dibentuk dengan semangat anggota, baik selaku konsumen maupun produsen. perjuangan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi b). Koperasi Konsumen, yakni koperasi yang dan sosial masyarakat. Hal ini dapat diwujudkan dalam menyelenggarakan fungsi penyedia barang-barang bentuk penerapan prinsip-prinsip koperasi. Oleh karena keperluan sehari-hari untuk kepentingan anggota itu, penting bagi sebuah koperasi untuk selalu berpegang dan masyarakat selaku konsumen. teguhpada prinsip-prinsip koperasi dalam menjalankan usahanya. c). Koperasi Produsen, yakni koperasi yang menyelenggarakan fungsi penyedia bahan/sarana Bentuk dan Jenis Koperasi produksi, pemrosesan dan pemasaran barang yang dihasilkan anggota selaku produsen. Menurut undang-undang perkoperasian, koperasi d). Koperasi Pemasaran, yakni koperasi yang dapat berbentuk Koperasi Primer atau Koperasi menyelenggarakan fungsi pemasaran/distribusi Sekunder.Koperasi primer adalah koperasi yang barang yang dihasilkan/diproduksi oleh anggota. beranggotakan orang seorang sekurang-kurangnya 20 e). Koperasi Jasa, yakni koperasi yang orang, sedangkan koperasi sekunder adalah
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