Vedic Mathematics Indian Mathematics from Vedic Period Until
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Download PDF File
Science Horizon Volume 6 Issue 4 April, 2021 President, Odisha Bigyan Academy Editorial Board Sri Umakant Swain Prof. Niranjan Barik Prof. Ramesh Chandra Parida Editor Er. Mayadhar Swain Dr. Choudhury Satyabrata Nanda Dr. Rajballav Mohanty Managing Editor Dr. Nilambar Biswal Er. Bhagat Charan Mohanty Language Expert Secretary, Odisha Bigyan Academy Prof. Sachidananda Tripathy HJCONTENTS HJ Subject Author Page 1. Editorial : Uttarakhand Glacial Burst-A Warning Er. Mayadhar Swain 178 2. The Star World Prof. B.B. Swain 180 3. Role of Physics in Information and Communication Dr. Sadasiva Biswal 186 Technology 4. National Mathematics Day, National Mathematics Binapani Saikrupa 188 Park & Srinivasa Ramanujan 5. A Brief History of Indian Math-Magicians (Part IV) Purusottam Sahoo 192 6. Glacier Dr. Manas Ranjan Senapati 197 7. Do Plants Recognise their Kins? Dr. Taranisen Panda 198 Dr. Raj Ballav Mohanty 8. Paris Climate Agreement and India’s Response Dr. Sundara Narayana Patro 201 9. Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater with Jayant Kumar Sahoo 205 Special Reference to Odisha 10. Electricity from Trees Dr. Ramesh Chandra Parida 209 11. Hydrogen as a Renewable Energy for Sustainable Prof. (Dr.) L.M. Das 212 Future 12. Nomophobia Dr. Namita Kumari Das 217 13. Quiz: Mammals Dr. Kedareswar Pradhan 220 14. Recent News on Science & Technology 222 The Cover Page depicts : Green Hydrogen Cover Design : Kalakar Sahoo APRIL, 2021 // EDITORIAL // UTTARAKHAND GLACIAL BURST- A WARNING Er. Mayadhar Swain On 7th February 2021, a flash flood occurred in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand villagers, mostly women, were uprooted in causing devastating damage and killing 204 this flood. At Reni, Risiganga joins the river persons. -
Minutes of the Meeting of the Expert Committee Held on 14Th, 15Th,17Th and 18Th October, 2013 Under the Performing Arts Grants Scheme (PAGS)
No.F.10-01/2012-P.Arts (Pt.) Ministry of Culture P. Arts Section Minutes of the Meeting of the Expert Committee held on 14th, 15th,17th and 18th October, 2013 under the Performing Arts Grants Scheme (PAGS). The Expert Committee for the Performing Arts Grants Scheme (PAGS) met on 14th, 15th ,17thand 18th October, 2013 to consider renewal of salary grants to existing grantees and decide on the fresh applications received for salary and production grants under the Scheme, including review of certain past cases, as recommended in the earlier meeting. The meeting was chaired by Smt. Arvind Manjit Singh, Joint Secretary (Culture). A list of Expert members present in the meeting is annexed. 2. On the opening day of the meeting ie. 14th October, inaugurating the meeting, Sh. Sanjeev Mittal, Joint Secretary, introduced himself to the members of Expert Committee and while welcoming the members of the committee informed that the Ministry was putting its best efforts to promote, develop and protect culture of the country. As regards the Performing Arts Grants Scheme(earlier known as the Scheme of Financial Assistance to Professional Groups and Individuals Engaged for Specified Performing Arts Projects; Salary & Production Grants), it was apprised that despite severe financial constraints invoked by the Deptt. Of Expenditure the Ministry had ensured a provision of Rs.48 crores for the Repertory/Production Grants during the current financial year which was in fact higher than the last year’s budgetary provision. 3. Smt. Meena Balimane Sharma, Director, in her capacity as the Member-Secretary of the Expert Committee, thereafter, briefed the members about the salient features of various provisions of the relevant Scheme under which the proposals in question were required to be examined by them before giving their recommendations. -
Ramanujan and Labos Primes, Their Generalizations, and Classifications
1 2 Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), 3 Article 12.1.1 47 6 23 11 Ramanujan and Labos Primes, Their Generalizations, and Classifications of Primes Vladimir Shevelev Department of Mathematics Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel [email protected] Abstract We study the parallel properties of the Ramanujan primes and a symmetric counter- part, the Labos primes. Further, we study all primes with these properties (generalized Ramanujan and Labos primes) and construct two kinds of sieves for them. Finally, we give a further natural generalization of these constructions and pose some conjectures and open problems. 1 Introduction The very well-known Bertrand postulate (1845) states that, for every x > 1, there exists a prime in the interval (x, 2x). This postulate quickly became a theorem when, in 1851, it was unexpectedly proved by Chebyshev (for a very elegant version of his proof, see Theorem 9.2 in [8]). In 1919, Ramanujan ([6]; [7, pp. 208–209]) gave a quite new and very simple proof of Bertrand’s postulate. Moreover, in his proof of a generalization of Bertrand’s, the following sequence of primes appeared ([11], A104272) 2, 11, 17, 29, 41, 47, 59, 67, 71, 97, 101, 107, 127, 149, 151, 167,... (1) Definition 1. For n ≥ 1, the n-th Ramanujan prime is the largest prime (Rn) for which π(Rn) − π(Rn/2) = n. Let us show that, equivalently, Rn is the smallest positive integer g(n) with the property that, if x ≥ g(n), then π(x) − π(x/2) ≥ n. -
Ramanujan Primes: Bounds, Runs, Twins, and Gaps
Ramanujan Primes: Bounds, Runs, Twins, and Gaps Jonathan Sondow 209 West 97th Street New York, NY 10025 USA [email protected] John W. Nicholson P. O. Box 2423 Arlington, TX 76004 USA [email protected] Tony D. Noe 14025 NW Harvest Lane Portland, OR 97229 USA [email protected] arXiv:1105.2249v2 [math.NT] 1 Aug 2011 Abstract The nth Ramanujan prime is the smallest positive integer Rn such that if x ≥ Rn, 1 then the interval 2 x,x contains at least n primes. We sharpen Laishram’s theorem that Rn < p3n by proving that the maximum of Rn/p3n is R5/p15 = 41/47. We give statistics on the length of the longest run of Ramanujan primes among all primes p < 10n, for n ≤ 9. We prove that if an upper twin prime is Ramanujan, then so is the lower; a table gives the number of twin primes below 10n of three types. Finally, we relate runs of Ramanujan primes to prime gaps. Along the way we state several conjectures and open problems. The Appendix explains Noe’s fast algorithm for computing R1,R2,...,Rn. 1 1 Introduction For n ≥ 1, the nth Ramanujan prime is defined as the smallest positive integer Rn with 1 the property that for any x ≥ Rn, there are at least n primes p with 2 x<p ≤ x. By its 1 minimality, Rn is indeed a prime, and the interval 2 Rn, Rn contains exactly n primes [10]. In 1919 Ramanujan proved a result which implies that Rn exists, and he gave the first five Ramanujan primes. -
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings & Speeches Vol. 4
Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (14th April 1891 - 6th December 1956) BLANK DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR WRITINGS AND SPEECHES VOL. 4 Compiled by VASANT MOON Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar : Writings and Speeches Vol. 4 First Edition by Education Department, Govt. of Maharashtra : October 1987 Re-printed by Dr. Ambedkar Foundation : January, 2014 ISBN (Set) : 978-93-5109-064-9 Courtesy : Monogram used on the Cover page is taken from Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar’s Letterhead. © Secretary Education Department Government of Maharashtra Price : One Set of 1 to 17 Volumes (20 Books) : Rs. 3000/- Publisher: Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India 15, Janpath, New Delhi - 110 001 Phone : 011-23357625, 23320571, 23320589 Fax : 011-23320582 Website : www.ambedkarfoundation.nic.in The Education Department Government of Maharashtra, Bombay-400032 for Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Source Material Publication Committee Printer M/s. Tan Prints India Pvt. Ltd., N. H. 10, Village-Rohad, Distt. Jhajjar, Haryana Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment & Chairperson, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Kumari Selja MESSAGE Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Chief Architect of Indian Constitution was a scholar par excellence, a philosopher, a visionary, an emancipator and a true nationalist. He led a number of social movements to secure human rights to the oppressed and depressed sections of the society. He stands as a symbol of struggle for social justice. The Government of Maharashtra has done a highly commendable work of publication of volumes of unpublished works of Dr. Ambedkar, which have brought out his ideology and philosophy before the Nation and the world. In pursuance of the recommendations of the Centenary Celebrations Committee of Dr. -
N Murali Krishna Superconductivity: Penetration Depth and Physical Properties
UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD 23rd ANNUAL REPORT Report on the working of the University (1 April 1997 to 31 March-1998) CENTRAL UNIVERSITY P.O HYDERABAD - 500 046 Visitor President of India Chief Rector Governor of Andhra Pradesh Chancellor Abid Hussain (upto 8.12.1997) Romila Thapar (from 9.12.1997) Vice Chancellor Goverdhan Mehta, Ph.D. (Pune) Deans of Schools Chemistry P.S.Zacharias, Ph.D. (I.I.T. Kanpur) Life Sciences A.R.Reddy, Ph.D. (Osmania) (upto 9.1.1998) R.P.Shanna, Ph.D.(J.N.U.) (from 10.1.1998) Mathematics & C.Musili, Ph.D. (T.I.F.R.Bombay) Computer/Information Sciences Physics K.N.Shrivatsava, Ph.D. (I.I.T. Kanpur) (upto 1.1.1998) A.K.Bhatnagar, Ph.D. (Maryland) (I/c. from 2.1.1998) Humanities Y.V.Ramana Rao, Ph.D. (S.V.U) (upto 31.12.1997) K.K.Ranganadhacharyulu, Ph.D. (Osmania) (from 1.1.1998) Social Sciences T.R.Sharma Ph.D. (B.H.U.) Sarojini Naidu School of BP.Sanjay Ph.D. (Simon Fraser) Performing Arts, Fine Arts & Communication Registrar M.Madan Gopal, I.A.S. Finance Officer J.Lakshinipathi, I.A. &. A.S. Librarian E. Rama Reddy CONTACTS Deans of the Schools Prof. C.Musili, School of Mathematics & Prof. K.K.Ranganadhacharyulu, Computer/Information Sciences School of Humanities Telephone : (040) 3010560,3010500/4000 Telephone : (040)3010003,3010500/3300 E-Mail : [email protected] E-Mail : [email protected] Prof. A.K. Bhatnagar, School of Physics Prof. V.V.N.Somayajulu, School of Social Sciences Telephone : (040)3010227,3010500/4300 Telephone; (040) 3010853, 3010500/3000 E-Mail : [email protected] E-Mail ; [email protected] Prof. -
0X0a I Don't Know Gregor Weichbrodt FROHMANN
0x0a I Don’t Know Gregor Weichbrodt FROHMANN I Don’t Know Gregor Weichbrodt 0x0a Contents I Don’t Know .................................................................4 About This Book .......................................................353 Imprint ........................................................................354 I Don’t Know I’m not well-versed in Literature. Sensibility – what is that? What in God’s name is An Afterword? I haven’t the faintest idea. And concerning Book design, I am fully ignorant. What is ‘A Slipcase’ supposed to mean again, and what the heck is Boriswood? The Canons of page construction – I don’t know what that is. I haven’t got a clue. How am I supposed to make sense of Traditional Chinese bookbinding, and what the hell is an Initial? Containers are a mystery to me. And what about A Post box, and what on earth is The Hollow Nickel Case? An Ammunition box – dunno. Couldn’t tell you. I’m not well-versed in Postal systems. And I don’t know what Bulk mail is or what is supposed to be special about A Catcher pouch. I don’t know what people mean by ‘Bags’. What’s the deal with The Arhuaca mochila, and what is the mystery about A Bin bag? Am I supposed to be familiar with A Carpet bag? How should I know? Cradleboard? Come again? Never heard of it. I have no idea. A Changing bag – never heard of it. I’ve never heard of Carriages. A Dogcart – what does that mean? A Ralli car? Doesn’t ring a bell. I have absolutely no idea. And what the hell is Tandem, and what is the deal with the Mail coach? 4 I don’t know the first thing about Postal system of the United Kingdom. -
Ancient Indian Mathematics – a Conspectus*
GENERAL ARTICLE Ancient Indian Mathematics – A Conspectus* S G Dani India has had a long tradition of more than 3000 years of pursuit of Mathematical ideas, starting from the Vedic age. The Sulvasutras (which in- cluded Pythagoras theorem before Pythagoras), the Jain works, the base 10 representation (along with the use of 0), names given to powers of 10 S G Dani is a Distinguished up to 1053, the works of medieval mathematicians Professor at the Tata motivated by astronomical studies, and ¯nally Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai. He the contributions of the Kerala school that came obtained his bachelor’s, strikingly close to modern mathematics, repre- master’s and PhD degrees sent the various levels of intellectual attainment. from the University of Mumbai. His areas of There is now increasing awareness around the world that interest are dynamics and as one of the ancient cultures, India has contributed sub- ergodic theory of flows on stantially to the global scienti¯c development in many homogeneous spaces, spheres, and mathematics has been one of the recognized probability measures on Lie groups areas in this respect. The country has witnessed steady and history of mathematics. mathematical developments over most part of the last He has received 3,000 years, throwing up many interesting mathemati- several awards including cal ideas well ahead of their appearance elsewhere in the the Ramanujan Medal and the world, though at times they lagged behind, especially in TWAS Prize. the recent centuries. Here are some episodes from the fascinating story that forms a rich fabric of the sustained * This is a slightly modified ver- intellectual endeavour. -
Chapter I Halayudha
Chapter I Halayudha - The author of Kavirahasya Chapter - I Halayudha - The author of Kavirahasya "^mfmgw ‘w»¶m ‘Ywam {Xì¶m Jrdm©U^maVr' 'Sanskrit' is the oldest language in the world. This language has the greatest Literature of all times. It is said that the literature is the mirror of the society.1 The society is purely depicted in its literature. The peculiarities of a society are very well reflected in the literature. So, literature plays a very important role in the betterment of the society. Sanskrit Literature is the mirror in which rich and cultured India can be seen. The people living in India, their habits, their culture all can be depicted in the Literature of India. The oldest Literature in the world is Sanskrit Literature. It is very rich and varied. 'Vedas' are the important feature of the language Sanskrit Language. They are the oldest surviving literature in the world. Sanskrit Literature is divided into two categories - Vedic literature and Classical literature. Vedic Literature includes Vedas, Aaranyakas, Brahmans, Samhitas, Puranas Smritis and Classical Literature comprises of poems, plays, kavyas etc. Sanskrit Language mainly focuses on religious treatises, is the notion of general public. This language deals with religious texts, sacrifices, stotras, only god and praying is depicted here, is the common belief of the people. But no. Sanskrit is not only a medium to learn religious texts but it is ( 15 ) also a language which opens up its wings to cover all the existing subjects in the world. This language deals with literature, grammar, philosophy, social sciences, astrology, astronomy, ayurveda, etymology etc. -
Numbers Quantification
Concept Map Integers Binary System Indices & Logarithms Primes & factorisation Encryption & Computer Cryptography Real Life Applications 1.1 Introduction: In this modern age of computers, primes play an important role to make our communications secure. So understanding primes are very important. In Section 1.1., we give an introduction to primes and its properties and give its application to encryption in 1.2. The concept of binary numbers and writing a number in binary and converting a number in binary to decimal is presented in 1.3. The Section 1.4 introduces the concept of complex numbers with some basic properties. In Sections 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7. logarithms, its properties and applications to real life problems are introduced. Finally in Section 1.8 we give a number of word problems which we come across in everyday life. [2] 1.2 Prime Numbers We say integer a divides b, and write a|b in symbols, if b = ac with c ∈ Z. For example 9|27. If a|b, we say a is a factor or a is divisor of b. And we also say b is a multiple of a. It is easy to see that 1 and –1 are divisors of any integer and every non-zero integer is a divisor of 0. We write a|b if a does not divide b. For example 5|13. Prime numbers are the building blocks of number system. A positive integer p > 1 is called a prime if 1 and p are the only positive divisors of p. For example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .... -
Bibliography
Bibliography A. Aaboe, Episodes from the Early History of Mathematics (Random House, New York, 1964) A.D. Aczel, Fermat’s Last Theorem: Unlocking the Secret of an Ancient Mathematical Problem (Four Walls Eight Windows, New York, 1996) D. Adamson, Blaise Pascal: Mathematician, Physicist, and Thinker About God (St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1995) R.P. Agarwal, H. Agarwal, S.K. Sen, Birth, Growth and Computation of Pi to ten trillion digits. Adv. Differ. Equat. 2013, 100 (2013) A.A. Al-Daffa’, The Muslim Contribution to Mathematics (Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1977) A.A. Al-Daffa’, J.J. Stroyls, Studies in the Exact Sciences in Medieval Islam (Wiley, New York, 1984) E.J. Aiton, Leibniz: A Biography (A. Hilger, Bristol, Boston, 1984) R.E. Allen, Greek Philosophy: Thales to Aristotle (The Free Press, New York, 1966) G.J. Allman, Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid (Arno Press, New York, 1976) E.N. da C. Andrade, Sir Issac Newton, His Life and Work (Doubleday & Co., New York, 1954) W.S. Anglin, Mathematics: A Concise History and Philosophy (Springer, New York, 1994) W.S. Anglin, The Queen of Mathematics (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995) H.D. Anthony, Sir Isaac Newton (Abelard-Schuman, New York, 1960) H.G. Apostle, Aristotle’s Philosophy of Mathematics (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1952) R.C. Archibald, Outline of the history of mathematics.Am. Math. Monthly 56 (1949) B. Artmann, Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics (Springer, New York, 1999) C.N. Srinivasa Ayyangar, The History of Ancient Indian Mathematics (World Press Private Ltd., Calcutta, 1967) A.K. Bag, Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India (Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1979) W.W.R. -
Annexure 1B 18416
Annexure 1 B List of taxpayers allotted to State having turnover of more than or equal to 1.5 Crore Sl.No Taxpayers Name GSTIN 1 BROTHERS OF ST.GABRIEL EDUCATION SOCIETY 36AAAAB0175C1ZE 2 BALAJI BEEDI PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETY LIMITED 36AAAAB7475M1ZC 3 CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 36AAAAC0268P1ZK 4 CO OPERATIVE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SOCIETY LTD 36AAAAC0346G1Z8 5 CENTRE FOR MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY 36AAAAC0801E1ZK 6 CYBER SPAZIO OWNERS WELFARE ASSOCIATION 36AAAAC5706G1Z2 7 DHANALAXMI DHANYA VITHANA RAITHU PARASPARA SAHAKARA PARIMITHA SANGHAM 36AAAAD2220N1ZZ 8 DSRB ASSOCIATES 36AAAAD7272Q1Z7 9 D S R EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY 36AAAAD7497D1ZN 10 DIRECTOR SAINIK WELFARE 36AAAAD9115E1Z2 11 GIRIJAN PRIMARY COOPE MARKETING SOCIETY LIMITED ADILABAD 36AAAAG4299E1ZO 12 GIRIJAN PRIMARY CO OP MARKETING SOCIETY LTD UTNOOR 36AAAAG4426D1Z5 13 GIRIJANA PRIMARY CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING SOCIETY LIMITED VENKATAPURAM 36AAAAG5461E1ZY 14 GANGA HITECH CITY 2 SOCIETY 36AAAAG6290R1Z2 15 GSK - VISHWA (JV) 36AAAAG8669E1ZI 16 HASSAN CO OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS SOCIETIES UNION LTD 36AAAAH0229B1ZF 17 HCC SEW MEIL JOINT VENTURE 36AAAAH3286Q1Z5 18 INDIAN FARMERS FERTILISER COOPERATIVE LIMITED 36AAAAI0050M1ZW 19 INDU FORTUNE FIELDS GARDENIA APARTMENT OWNERS ASSOCIATION 36AAAAI4338L1ZJ 20 INDUR INTIDEEPAM MUTUAL AIDED CO-OP THRIFT/CREDIT SOC FEDERATION LIMITED 36AAAAI5080P1ZA 21 INSURANCE INFORMATION BUREAU OF INDIA 36AAAAI6771M1Z8 22 INSTITUTE OF DEFENCE SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS 36AAAAI7233A1Z6 23 KARNATAKA CO-OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCER\S FEDERATION