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Topic 28. the Rhinencephalon. Limbic Brain. the Basal Nuclei. Limbic System

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Topic 28. the Rhinencephalon. Limbic Brain. the Basal Nuclei. Limbic System Topic 27. External structure of cerebral hemispheres. 1. Describe the cerebral hemispheres with related surfaces, principal parts and the boundaries 2. Describe the sulci and gyri of the superolateral face of cerebral hemispheres. 3. Describe the sulci and gyri of the medial surface of cerebral hemispheres. 4. Describe the sulci and gyri of the inferior surface of cerebral hemispheres. 5. Describe structure of the cerebral cortex. Discuss V.A. Betz’s researches. 6. Give definition of the analyzer. 7. Describe location of the cortical ends of analyzers. B. Choose the correct answer. 1. Specify surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres. A. Superolateral and medial B. Ventral, dorsal and lateral C. Superolateral, medial, inferior D. Anterior and posterior E. Medial and lateral 2. Match cerebral cortex to the region in which it is located: A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Mesencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Myelencephalon Topic 28. The rhinencephalon. Limbic brain. The basal nuclei. Limbic system Specify anatomical structures Basal nuclei Theoretical questions for the self-check: 1. Describe structure and functions of the rhinencephalon. 2. Discuss topography, compartments and functional significance of the basal nuclei. 3. Discuss topography, compartments and functional significance of the corpus striatum. 4. Describe the parts and functional significance of the limbic system. B. Situational tasks. 1. A 60-year-old man after cerebral hemorrhage felt asleep for a long time. Damage of what structure caused this state? A. Nuclei of the cranial nerves B. Hippocampus C. Reticular formation D. Cortex of the large hemispheres E. Black substances 2. Match cerebral cortex to the region in which it is located: A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Mesencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Myelencephalon 3. Specify functions of the reticular formation. A. Carry gustatory impulses from tongue, oral cavity, walls epiglottis and the pharynx B. Regulate circulation, respiration and digestion together with some complex visceral reflexes like vomiting, deglutition C. Supply the lacrimal, sublingual and submandibular glands, the glands of nasal and palatine mucosa D. Supply the striated muscles of the soft palate, the pharynx, the larynx and the upper one third of esophagus E. Supply the parotid gland Topic 29. Structure of grey matter and cortex of cerebral hemispheres. Functional arrangement of the cerebral cortex. Picture. The structure of the brain A. Theoretical questions for the self-check: 1. Give definition of the analyzer. 2. Describe location of the cortical ends of analyzers. B. Choose the correct answer. 1. After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute learned purposeful movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized in the following region of the cerebral cortex: A. Gyrus supramarginalis B. Gyrus angularis C. Gyrus paracentralis D. Gyrus lingualis E. Gyrus parahippocampalis 2. A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized? A. Inferior part of precentral gyrus B. Superior part of precentral gyrus C. Supramarginal gyrus D. Superior parietal lobule E. Angular gyrus 3. A patient after a brain blood supply disturbance lost the ability to write, letters and figures. In what lobe of the brain was the pathology? A. Occipital. B. Frontal. C. Temporal. D. Parietal. E. Insula. 4. Neurological examination of a 65-y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it? A. Middle cerebral artery B. Anterior cerebral artery C. Posterior cerebral artery D. Anterior communicating artery E. Basilar artery 5. A 63-year-old patient applied to a neuropathologist complaining of inability to perform woodwork, which demands accuracy, as his right hand had been doing a lot of errant movement for 3 months. Examination showed that the patient had injured: A. Angular gyrus. B. Precentral gyrus. C. Postcentral gyrus. D. Superior temporal gyrus E. Supramarginal gyrus. 6. A 45-year-old patient had a severe brain blood circulation disturbance. After stabilization of the general condition he is unable to pronoun words distinctly. Damage of what area of cerebral cortex caused the impairment the speech-motor center? A. Angular gyrus. B. Inferior frontal gyrus. C. Supramarginal gyrus. D. Precentral gyrus. E. Superior temporal gyrus 7. After a cerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke), a patient could pronounce words with a big effort (motor aphasia). Which convolution of brain was injured? A. Superior frontal. B. Angular gyrus C. Inferior frontal. D. Superior temporal. E. Inferior temporal. 8. After a craniocerebral trauma, a 47-year-old man appealed with complaints of impossibility of exact movements of the upper extremities: he cannot button, light a match, pour water into a glass. Examination has shown that muscle strength, deep muscular sense, and mechanisms of coordination are preserved. Which site of cerebral cortex has been affected? A. Supramarginal gyrus. B. Calcarine sulcus. C. Precentral gyrus. D. Temporal gyri. E. Angular gyrus. 9. A hemorrhage in the occipital lobe (calcarium sulcus zone) has appeared. Which functions of organism are violated? A. Movements are absent. B. Hearing is absent. C. Olfaction is absent. D. Vision is absent. E. Sensitivity is absent. 10. After a craniocerebral trauma, skin sensitivity is reduced. Which part of the cerebral cortex might be damaged? A. Postcentral gyrus. B. Occipital part. C. Cingulate gyrus. D. Frontal part of cortex. E. Precentral gyrus. 11. A patient has a large meningioma involving the parasagittal region and falx cerebri. Which of the following neurologic deficits would this mass lesion be expected to produce? A. Altered taste B. Leg paralysis C. Loss of facial sensation D. Ptosis E. Unilateral deafness 12. After brain injury, a patient has lost his vision. What zone of the brain cortex is damaged in this case? A. Temporal and parietal B. Temporal C. Occipital D. Frontal E. Parietal 13. When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that he had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain was damaged? A. Parietal zone of the cortex B. Posterior central gyrus C. Occipital zone of the cortex D. Frontal central gyrus E. Frontal zone 14. Specify surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres. A. Superolateral and medial B. Ventral, dorsal and lateral C. Superolateral, medial, inferior D. Anterior and posterior E. Medial and lateral 15. Match cerebral cortex to the region in which it is located: A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Mesencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Myelencephalon 16. After injury, the patient suffers from violation of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what areas of the cortex of hemispheres in the normal localized matching center? A. The lower part of the precentral gyrus B. The upper part precentral gyrus C. The supramarginal gyrus D. The superior parietal lobule E. The angular gyrus 17. After craniocerebral trauma, the patient has the loss of ability to perform familiar complex coordinated movements before the injury (apraxia). In what area of the cortex of hemispheres in the normal localized matching center? A. Gyrus supramarginalis B. Gyrus angularis C. Gyrus paracentralis D. Gyrus lingualis E. Gyrus parahipocampalis 18. The patient complains of inability to understand speech (sensory aphasia), even though he hears the sounds. The breach of which the cortical analyzer talk about? A. Auditory analyzer of oral speech B. Monologue analyzer C. Motor analyzer of written speech D. Visual analyzer of written speech E. The nucleus of the auditory analyzer Topic 30. The lateral ventricles. The white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. The meninges of the brain. Circulation of cerebrospinal liquid. Lateral ventricules Lateral ventricules Internal capsule Meninges of the brain Cerebrospinal fluid circulation Theoretical questions for the self-check: 1. Describe development, topography, walls and featured communications of the lateral ventricles. 2. Discuss classification and functional significance of the white mater of cerebral hemispheres. 3. Describe topography, parts and related pathways of the internal capsule. 4. Describe the spaces between the meninges and their contents. 5. Describe production and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. Situational tasks. 1. Occlusive syndrome develops in case of liquor tracts blockade on the level of the interventricular foramens. Into which space is liquor outflow complicated? A. Third ventricle. B. Lateral ventricles. C. Aqueduct of cerebrum. D. Subarachnoid space. E. Fourth ventricle. 2. Occlusive syndrome develops in case of liquor tracts blockade on the level of the middle and lateral ventricle apertures. Into which space is liquor outflow complicated? A. Third ventricle. B. Lateral ventricles. C. Aqueduct of cerebrum. D. Subarachnoid space. E. Fourth ventricle. 3. Occlusive syndrome develops in case of liquor tracts blockade on the level of the aqueduct of cerebrum. Into which space is liquor outflow complicated? A. Third ventricle. B. Lateral ventricles. C. Aqueduct of cerebrum. D. Subarachnoid space. E. Fourth ventricle. 4. Cavity of the midbrain is: A. Forth ventricle. B. Third ventricle. C. Lateral ventricle. D. Aqueductus. E. Central canal. 5. Cavity of the rhomboid fossa is: A. Forth ventricle. B. Third ventricle. C. Lateral ventricle. D. Aqueductus.
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