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Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), a Marine Red Algal Parasite of Acrosorium Polyneurum Okamura from Japan

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Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), a Marine Red Algal Parasite of Acrosorium Polyneurum Okamura from Japan Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 44(4), pp. 147–151, November 22, 2018 First Record of Gonimophyllum buffhamii Batters (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), a Marine Red Algal Parasite of Acrosorium polyneurum Okamura from Japan Taiju Kitayama Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 27 August 2018; accepted 26 September 2018) Abstract An unusual red alga, Gonimophyllum buffhamii Batters (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) was collected from the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This species, which has been known as an adelphoparasitic alga living in relation to the several genera of the family Delesseriaceae, was found firstly on the thalli of a red alga Acrosorium polyneurum Okamura (Delesseriaceae) in the coast of Japan. Male gametophyte plants and female gametophyte plants of the species were observed, while no tetrasporophyte plants were collected in this research. This is the first record of this genus from Asia, and also the first report on this species from the Pacific Ocean. Key words : Acrosorium polyneurum, algal parasite, Delesseriaceae, Gonimophyllum buffhamii, Japan, Rhodophyta. In the end of the 19th century, the marine red established by Wynne (2001) as a suprageneric algal genus Gonimophyllum (Cryptopleureae, taxon below the family Delesseriaceae including Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) was Cryptopleura Kützing (type genus), Acrosorium established by Batters (1892) on the basis of Zanardini, Botryoglossum Kützing, Hymenena Gonimophyllum buffhamii Batters (type species), Greville, and Gonimophyllum Batters: the hosts which was found on the thalli of “Nitophyllum of G. africanum are Acrosorium maculatum laceratum (S.G.Gmelin) Greville” (＝Crypto- (Sonder ex Kützing) Papenfuss, Botryoglossum pleura ramosa (Hudson) L.Newton) by T. H. platycarpum (Turner) Kützing and Neuroglossum Buffham in England. This genus includes four binderianum Kützing and Botryocarpa prolifera algal parasitic species distributed mainly to the Greville; the hosts of G. buffhamii are Acroso- Atlantic Ocean: G. africanum M.T.Martine et rium ciliolatum (Harvey) Kylin and Crypto- M.A.Pocock, 1953 (South Africa, Uruguay and pleura ramosa; the hosts of G. insulare are Hym- Brazil), G. buffhamii Batters, 1892 (Europe), G. enena semicostata (J.Agardh) Kylin and H. insulare Wagner, 1954 (New Zealand and Argen- falklandica Kylin; the hosts of G. skottsbergii are tina), G. skottsbergii Setchell, 1923 (Washington Botryoglossum farlowianum (J.Agardh) De Toni, to California) (Silva et al., 1996; Gallardo and Hymenena flabelligera (J.Agardh) Kylin and Escudero, 2011; Guiry and Guiry 2018). These Cryptopleura ruprechtiana (J.Agardh) Kylin species are adelphoparasites, or algae living in (Wagner, 1954; Gallardo and Escudero, 2011). association with hosts belonged to the same tribe None of these host algae was recorded from or family (Goff, 1982). All of their hosts Japan and any species of the genus Gonimophyl- belonged to the tribe Cryptopleureae, which was lum were not reported from Asia so far. 148 Taiju Kitayama There is no record of the gunus Gonimophyl- Results lum from Japan so far (Yoshida et al., 2015; Class Florideophyceae Cronquist, 1960 Guiry and Guiry 2018), and probably no report Order Ceramiales Oltmanns, 1904 of any species from Asia. In the Pacific Ocean only G. skottsbergii was described from the west Family Delesseriaceae Bory, 1828 coasts of North America, from the northern Tribe Cryptopleureae Wynne, 2001 Washington to the southern California, U.S.A. (Setchell, 1923; Smith, 1944; Abbott and Hollen- Gonimophyllum buffhamii Batters berg, 1976). Marine algal flora of the southern J. Bot., British and Foreign 30: 67. pl. 319 Japan is influenced strongly by the Kuroshio (1892). Current, which flows along the coasts of the east [Figs. 1–14] side of Asia from Philippines to the southern [Lectoype locality: Deal, Kent, England. Lecto- Japan, terminating at off the Boso Peninsula. type: BM, microscope slide 8746 (Maggs and Therefore, it is indispensable to research the Hommersand, 1993).] marine algae in the Boso Peninsula for estimat- Habitat: Parasitic on Acrosorium polyneurum ing the range of biogeographical influence of the Okamura (Cryptopleureae, Delesseriaceae). Kuroshio Current to the northward. In this study, Vegetative morphology: Plants are small, glo- to confirm the identity of present alga found on bose, 0.2–4 mm in diameter, arising on both sur- the Japanese algal host, Acrosorium polyneurum faces of host alga, Acrosorium polyneurum (Fig. Okamura, the author made anatomical observa- 1 arrowhead; Fig. 2). Thalli are globular clusters tions on the material from the Boso Peninsula, of compressed, flattened to swollen, or irregular Japan, using microscopes. blades, attached on hosts by a basal cushion-like pad (Figs. 3, 4). Blades are erect, up to 1 mm in height, rounded, lobed or reniform, up to 700 µm Material and Methods in thickness, with a smooth margine (Fig. 5). Tis- The red algal material referable to the genus sues are composed of a cortical layer of small Gonimophyllum was collected on the thalli of a cells and a medullary layer of large cells (Figs. 6 red alga Acrosorium polyneurum Okamura cast and 7). Cortical cells are cubic or cylindrical, away on the coast of the Tangaura Bay, Ohara, 8–20 µm in diameter. Medullary cells are circle Isumi City, the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Pref., to oval, 35–110 µm in diameter. Japan (35˚14′15″N, 140˚24′21″E) on 16 June Reproductive morphology: Plants are dioe- 2018. For preservation, the material was fixed in cious. Male gametophytic plants have thinner 10% formalin-seawater. Anatomical observations blades with curved margines (Figs. 2, 3) . Sper- were made on the material using microscopes. matangial sori are formed covering both sides of Slides were prepared by hand sectioning and blades (Figs. 8–10). Spermatangia (Figs. 8–10, mounted in glycerine jelly after staining by 1% arrowheads) are spherical, 2–4 µm in diameter. aniline blue solution. Voucher specimens were Female gametophytic plants have thick blades deposited in the algal herbarium of the National with rounded margines (Fig. 4). Carpogonial Museum of Nature and Science (TNS). branches (cb) are more or less curved, two- celled, bearing a carpogonium (cp) with a try- chogine (t) (Figs. 11–13). Cystocarps are spheri- cal, located on the margine of the blades (Fig. 14, arrow). Tetrasporophytic plants were not detected. Specimens examined: Tangaura Bay, Ohara, the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Pref. Japan Gonimophyllum buffhamii new to Japan 149 Figs. 1–14. Gonimophyllum buffhamii Batters from Ohara, the Boso Peninsula, Japan (cast ashore). 1. Habit showing a parasitic thallus (arrowhead) on the host alga Acrosorium polyneurum Okamura. 2. Crowd of male plants on A. polyneurum (TNS-AL 209449). 3. Male plant. 4. Female plant. 5. Margine of young plant. 6. Transverse section of young plant with host algal thallus of A. polyneurum (asterisk) (TNS-AL 209450). 7. Transverse section of margine of young blade. 8. Surface view of male plant with a spermatangial sorus showing spermatangia (arrowheads). 9. Transverse section of male plant showing spermatagia (arrowheads) (TNS-AL 209451). 10. Transverse section of male blade showing spermatangia (arrowheads). 11. Transverse section of female plant showing a carpogonial branch (cb) showing a trichogine (t). 12–13. Two images with different focus of transverse section of female plant showing a carpogonial branch composed of two cells of carpogonial branch (cb1, cb2) and a carpogonium (cp) with a trichogine (t) (TNS-AL 209452). 14. Transverse section of female plant showing a cystocarp (arrow) (TNS-AL 209453). 150 Taiju Kitayama (35˚14′15″N, 140˚24′21″E), 16 June 2018 (cast 1.5 cm in G. skottsbergii (Abbott and Hollenberg, ashore at low tide), leg. T. Kitayama (TNS-AL 1976). Microscopic veins near the base of the 209449–209454). blades are absent in G. buffhamii and G. africa- Japanese name: Sujiusuba-yadori (nov.). num, while microscopic veins near the base of Distribution: England (type localtiy), Scotland, the blades are present in G. insulare (Wagner, Ireland, Channel Isls. (Maggs and Hommersand, 1954) and G. skottsbergii (Abbott and Hollen- 1993), Spain (Escudero and Gallardo, 2011). berg, 1976). Numbers of cystocarps per blade are New to Japan (the Boso Peninsula, the present 1–4 in G. buffhamii (Maggs and Hommersand, study). 1993), and one to several in G. africanum (Ste- genga et al., 1997), while numbers of cystocarps per blade diameters are numerous in G. insulare Discussion (Wagner, 1954), and several in G. skottsbergii The present alga collected from the Boso Pen- (Abbott and Hollenberg, 1976). insula, Chiba Pref., Japan is similar to both spe- Therefore, the present alga is considered as G. cies of Gonimophyllum buffhamii Batters (type buffhamii or G. africanum. It is not easy, how- species) and G. africanum M.T.Martine et ever, to identify the species name because mor- M.A.Pocock in habit and morphology. Among phological differeces between G. buffhamii and the four species of the adelphoparasitic genus G. africanum are not difined so well. When Mar- Gonimophyllum, whose hosts are restricted to the tine and Pocock (1953) published G. africanum algae in the tribe Cryptopleureae (family Deles- from South Africa as a new species, they seriaceae), G. buffhamii and G. africanum use described a few differeces of their new species the genus Acrosorium [e.g., A. ciliolatum (Har- from G.
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