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In Tunisian Arid Areas Conférence Scientique Internationale sur l’Environnement et l’Agriculture 24 & 25 Avril 2017 Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie WWW.JNSCIENCES.ORG/CSIEA Livre des Résumés book of abstracts Journal JNS of New Sciences www.jnsciences.org SUNBLOR Conférence scientifique internationale sur l’environnement et l’agriculture Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie 24-25 Avril 2017 Thème A : Gestion des ressources naturelles 1 Conférence scientifique internationale sur l’environnement et l’agriculture Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie 24-25 Avril 2017 Effet de la plantation d’une espèce fourragère dans le sud-ouest algérien à climat semi aride The effect of plantation of a fodder species in Algerian southwest with semi arid climate S. AISSIOUI 1*, F.AMGHAR 1, F.MERABTI 1 1Université M’Hamed Bougara, Faculté des sciences, Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Environnement, Boumerdès 35000, Algérie. 1M’Hamed Bougara University of Boumerdes, Faculty of sciences, Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, 35000, Boumerdes, Algerie. Email* : [email protected] Résumé: Au sujet de cette étude est la désertification concernante les steppes arides et semi-arides, espace privilégié de l’élevage ovin extensif qui se traduit par la réduction du potentiel biologique et par la rupture des équilibres écologiques et socio-économiques. L’objectif principal est de quantifier l’effet positif de la plantation de l’espèce Atriplex canescens sur la fertilité du sol. Les 54 relevés pédologiques ont été effectués dans les parcours steppiques dégradés de la commune d’Ain Chouhada (wilaya de Djelfa).Des analyses chimiques ont été testées à l’intérieur et l’extérieur d’une plantation à Atriplex canescens. Nous notons une amélioration significative pour le pH. Cependant, l’azote total semble ne pas répondre positivement à la présence de cette espèce. Notre étude montre que l’introduction d’Atriplex canescens dans la steppe algérienne permet une amélioration de la fertilité du sol. Nous suggérons la sélection d’une variété plus adaptée aux écosystèmes steppiques algériens dans le but de multiplier et diversifier les plantations fourragères dans les formations où la dégradation est très avancée. Mots-clés: Atriplex / steppe / sol / Ain Chouhada / plantation. Abstract: Desertification concerns the arid and semi-arid steppes, which are the privileged space for extensive sheep farming, which results in the reduction of biological potential and the breakdown of ecological and socio-economic balances. The objective of this research was to quantify the positive effect of the planting of the species Atriplex canescens on soil fertility. 54 soil surveys were carried out in the degraded steppe trails of the commune of Ain Chouhada (wilaya of Djelfa).Chemical analyzes were carried out inside and outside a plantation at Atriplex canescens. 2 Conférence scientifique internationale sur l’environnement et l’agriculture Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie 24-25 Avril 2017 We note a significant improvement in pH. However, total nitrogen seems not to respond positively to the presence of this species. Our study shows that the introduction of Atriplex canescens in the algerian steppe allows an improvement of soil fertility. We suggest the selection of a variety more adapted to the Algerian steppe ecosystems with the aim of multiplying and diversifying the forage plantations in the formations where the degradation is very advanced. Keywords: Atriplex / steppe / soil / Ain Chouhada / plantation. 3 Conférence scientifique internationale sur l’environnement et l’agriculture Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie 24-25 Avril 2017 Development of localized irrigation design software “design irri_loc by Benazir” B. BEN KRIMA1*, H.DAGHARI1 Email* : [email protected] Email : [email protected] 1National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT) Abstract : Feeding the world has always been the concern of governments that have made their land a true seat of a modern and intensive agricultural activity. Thus water resources have been over mobilized. New technology has been developed in order to manage irrigation and then preserve our precious water. The aim of this graduation project is to create a computer software which realizes a design of drip irrigation system to satisfy crop water requirements. The software can design a localized irrigation system for various crops, climate, and topographic conditions. It calculates the primary design parameters such as the crop evapotranspiration ETcrop, the net irrigation requirements IRn, the gross irrigation requirements IRg , wetting pattern , leaching fraction etc. This software determines suitable arrangements of pipes, pipe length and diameter, emitters, hydraulic parameters design, and head loss. In fact, the programming was realized using the programming language C # (pronounced C-sharpe). In order to create the application "Microsoft Visual Studio 2012" was the integrated development environment (IDE) used to do so. "Sublime Text 2" was also used to edit the generic text coded in C #. Finally, a software engineering workshop (AGL) said Windev ensured the creation of software design. This version can be improved to meliorate the irrigation efficiency. Keywords: drip irrigation system, design, computer software, programming language C#, crop water requirements. 4 Conférence scientifique internationale sur l’environnement et l’agriculture Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie 24-25 Avril 2017 Biological control of date palm diseases with native antagonistic fungi of Oued Righ region (Algerian Sahara) W. LAKHDARI1*, A. DEHLIZ1, R. MLIK1, H. HAMMI1, O. OUFFROUKH2, F. ACHEUK3, M. BERREKBIA1, S. GHERYANI1, W. BENLAMOUDI1 1 National Institute of Agricultural Research of Algeria, Station of Sidi Mehdi, Algeria. 2 National Institute of Agricultural Research of Algeria, Constantine, Algeria. 3 Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Boumerdes, Algérie *[email protected] Abstract : The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the major fruit trees in the south of Algeria. However, this speculation is confronted with some problems including plant health. Several fungal and bacterial antagonists were used to control plant diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate the interaction of the fungal antagonists (Trichoderma harzianum, Pythium sp. and Aspergillus niger) and fungal pathogens of date palms (Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.). Confrontation of the fungal pathogen with the antagonist on nutrient agar revealed the inhibition of mycelia growth of the two fungi. Firstly, T. harzianum with (Fusarium sp. = 68% and Alternaria sp. = 63%); Pythium sp. with (Fusarium sp. = 63% and Alternaria sp. = 54%) and A. niger with Fusarium sp. = 46%. Beyond this period, and at the end of the sixth day, the antagonistic fungi occupied the colonies of fungus and began to sporulate marking a myco-parasitic power very important. Key-words: Date palm, biological control, Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., antagonistic fungi, Algeria. 5 Conférence scientifique internationale sur l’environnement et l’agriculture Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie 24-25 Avril 2017 Activité antifongique de l’extrait aqueux de Zygophyllum album l. contre le champignon phytopathogènes de blé le Fusarium nivale R. MLIK1,2*, W. LAKHDARI1, A. DEHLIZ1, H. HAMMI1, F. ACHEUK3, W. BENLAMOUDI1,2 1 Institut National Algérien de la Recherche Agronomique, Sidi Mehdi, Algérie. 2 Département d’Agronomie, Faculté des Sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université d’Ouargla, Algérie. 3 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Boumerdes, Algérie. *[email protected] Résumé Le blé est l’une des céréales les plus consommées dans le monde. Plusieurs champignons peuvent attaquer cette culture, tels que les Fusarium et les Phytium qui causent des manques à la levée très marquées. L’évaluation de l’effet de l’extrait aqueux de Zygophyllum album L. sur Fusarium nivale a été testée. Ce champignon a été isolé à partir de graines de blé local. L’expérimentation a été conduite au laboratoire de phytopathologie de la station de Sidi Mehdi (INRAA). Deux paramètres ont été étudiés : la croissance mycélienne et le taux d'inhibition. Deux doses ont été choisies 50 % et 100 %. La préparation testée a montré une activité antifongique évidente enregistrant des performances d’inhibition supérieures au témoin en fonction de la dose et du temps. Des taux d’inhibition du F. nivale de 50,69 et 53,03 % ont été enregistrés par les deux doses respectivement, avec un arrêt de la croissance mycélienne du F. nivale au niveau des boites Pétri. Mots-clés : Céréales, Lutte biologique, Biopesticides, plantes spontanées, Sud algérien. 6 Conférence scientifique internationale sur l’environnement et l’agriculture Diar Lemdina Hammamet Tunisie 24-25 Avril 2017 Etude des activités antioxydante et anti-acétylcholinestérase in vitro et in vivo de quelques extraits d’oranger des Osages (Maclura pomifera) Mohamed MENDILI1, Mohamed Ali SMACH2, Ayda KHADHRI1 1Université El-Manar II, Campus Universitaire, Faculté des Sciences, Unité de Recherche d'Écologie Végétale, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie. 2Université de Sousse, Faculté de médecine Ibn El Jazzar de Sousse, département de Biochimie, Sousse, Tunisie Résumé L’Oranger des Osages (Maclura pomifera; synonyme Maclura aurantiaca) est un arbre appartenant à la famille de Morceae (famille du mûrier). Maclura pomifera est l’un de fruit tropical qui constitue une source de substances actives telles que les polyphénols, les flavonoïdes, les tanins, les flavanols, les proanthocyanidines … La présente
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