Bionematological Effectiveness of Kompovet B-4 (Waste Product of “Biovet” Jsc Peshtera) on ”In Vitro” Obtained Vine Crops
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BIONEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF KOMPOVET B-4 (WASTE PRODUCT OF “BIOVET” JSC PESHTERA) ON ”IN VITRO” OBTAINED VINE CROPS I.Y. Tsvetkov1, J.I. Tsvetkov2 AgroBioInstitute, Sofia, Bulgaria1 Institute of Vine-Growing and Wine-Producing Pleven, Experimental Station Septemvri, Pleven, Bulgaria 2 ABSTRACT In the period 2000-2002 in the nematological laboratory of the Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” were executed biological laboratory tests with water extracts of “KOMPOVET B-4” 1:2 and 1:3 with artificial infected with Xiphinema index in vitro small grape vines, (vessel test) with 1 x putting-under of SO4 and 1 cultivated variety (Cabernet Sauvignon) with control plants infected and watered, and non-infected and watered (1 x week x 100 ml) according to the schedule. It is established that the water extracts of “KOMPOVET B-4” influence fatal (under condition of direct sinking) the nematode Xiphinema index, and the nematodes in the vessel test disappeared total; the water extract stimulate the growth and progress of the test plants, independently of the infection. The best biological effect has been read by extracts with dilution 1:2, concerning the two varieties. Introduction properties better (3, 7). There are no data The biological method of pest control available in the specialized literature about establishes itself as one of the chemical its application for biological pest control method alternatives for the purpose of against the nematodes from the cultivated crops preservation from Longidoridae family which are the basic affections and pest in order to avoid the carriers of viruses and other economical environment pollution with pesticides (5). important illnesses of the vine plants. According to statistics data produces the The purpose of the present examination plant of microbial preparations “Biovet” is the establishment of the influence of J.S.C. Peshtera ca. 5 000 t KOMPOVET water extracts from B-4 over the density of B-4 per year. ectoparasitical nematode Xiphinema index Former examinations of the Experimental through laboratory test of artificially Station for vine-growing in Septemvri infected “in vitro” vine crops. showed that the compost is a biological active natural fertilizer, which may be used Materials and Methods in the vegetable production and in the vine- The examination was carried out in the growing. The experiments carried out in nematological laboratory of the Faculty of this direction show, that if the compost is Biology (Sofia University “St. Kl.Ohridski”, ploughed in the soil, it makes its Sofia) during the period 2000-2002. Vine agrophysical, chemical and biological crops of the variety “Cabernet Sauvignon” Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 19/2005/3 74 TABLE 1 Experiment in containers with water extracts of KOMPOVET B-4. Average results for the period 2000- 2002 Initila material Repetitions Infection with Xiphinema Watering with extract 1 time Death-rate after variants (3) index (number) ( weekly x 100 ml) crop the 3rd day (%) Vine crops – SO4 V1 – SO4 20/400cm³ soil 1:2 B4 w. extract 100 V2 – SO4 20/400cm³ soil 1:3 B4 w. extract 75 20/400cm³ soil water 0 V3 – SO4 not infected water - K1 – SO4 not infected 1:2 B4 w. ectract - K2 – SO4 Vine crops V1 – Cab.Sauv. 20/400cm³ soil 1:2 B4 w. extract 100 “Cabernet V2 – Cab.Sauv. 20/400cm³ soil 1:3 B4 w. extract 75 Sauvignon” 20/400cm³ soil water - V3 – Cab.Sauv. not infected water - K1 – Cab.Sauv. not infected 1:2 B4 w. ectract - K2 – Cab.Sauv. obtained “in vitro” in the Agrobio Institute K2 – Cab. – 1 : 2 water extract of B4, not Sofia and “SO4” mats of pure viruses and infected bacterial cancer were used. The plants were planted in flowerputs No.12 in a clasical Results and Discussion substrate – sandy soil, natural fertilizer and The experiment duration wasat the rate of 4 sand in volume correlation as follows: 1 : 1 (four) months – from May 20th to : 1. The examination was repeated three September 20th . The average data for the times x 10 vine crops, which were three years are given in Table 1.The artificially infected with Xiphinema index following comments can be made: after the (20 units in 400 cm³ siol = 1 flowerpot) and three times reepeated laboratory testing of treated with water extracts of KOMPOVET the X.index nematode with the two water B-4 in the following correlations: 1 : 2 and extracts of B-4 the experimental nematodes 1 : 3. The vine crops were watered 1 time treated with 1:2 extract, die (100%) on the weekly with 100 ml / 1 vine crop according third day, and these treated with 1:3 extract to the following scheme: die at 75%. There are no vitality changes of V1 – SO4 – 1 : 2 water extract of B4, the nematodes during the water controls of infected with X.index the tow varieties. The biggest effect is V2 – SO4 – 1 : 3 water extract of B4, reached under conditions of treating with 1 infected with X.index : 2 water extract. The data from the V3 – SO4 – watered with H2O, infected biometrical measurings of the vine crops of with X.index both varieties, infected with X.index, are K1 – SO4 – watered with H2O, not infected given in Table 2. K2 – SO4 - 1 : 2 water extract of B4, not The data from the table show that the infected vine crops watering with KOMPOVET B-4 V1 – Cab. – 1 : 2 – water extract of B4, extract influences positive the plants’ infected with X.index growth ragrdless of the initial infection. V2 – Cab. – 1 : 3 water extract of B4, The best results were received with the infected with X.index variants with dilution 1 : 2 (V1 – SO4 and V3 – Cab. – watered with H2O, infected V1 Cab.Sauv.) this is due to the fact, that with X.index the extract has not only repressive K1 – Cab. – watered with H2O, not infected influence on the nematodes but stimulate 75 Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 19/2005/3 TABLE 2 Biometrical measurings of vine crops in container experiment, which were infected with X.index. Average results for the period 2000-2002 Variants, repeated 3 Stem length /cm/ Number of inter-knot Number of leaves Number of nematodes in times distances 100 cm³ substrate SO V1 – SO4 20 7 9 2 V2 – SO4 18 7 8 6 14 6 7 44 V3 – SO4 15 7 8 - K – SO 1 4 19 7 11 - K2 – SO4 Cabernet Sauvignon V1– Cab.Sauv. 34 12 17 0 V2– Cab.Sauv. 26 11 12 0 23 10 9 29 V3– Cab.Sauv. 25 9 8 - K – Cab.Sauv. 1 27 11 11 - K2– Cab.Sauv. with its active components (macro and REFERENCES micro elements). The above positive effect 1. Atanasov I.V. (1968) Pedology practice. is most expressive in the not infected and Manual, Sofia, Zemizdat, 25-28. treated with B-4 ectracts plants, especially 2. Atanasov A. Studies of possibilities of with the 1:2 extract, which exceedes the effectiveness improvement of the micro biological values of the not infected control watered pest control. Biological actibe substances, isolated from the yellow poppy Claucium flavum L. only with water (K1 – SO4 and K1 - Cab.Sauv.) 3. Tsvetkov I., Tsvetkov Y. (2002) Influence of the The data about the number of nematodes biological active fertilizer Kompovet B-4 on some agrochemical and biological soil properties in vine show strong repression of their populations crops root systems, Magazine of Ecology and Future, on the SO4 mat and their total lack in the No.1, Sofia (on Bulgarian). experiments with “Cabernet Sauvignon”. 4. Nikolov B., Trendafilov G. (1989) Balance and The best effect is reached under conditions using of Bulgaria’s biological resources, Zemizdat, of treating with B-4 water ectract 1:2 (V1 – Sofia (on Bulgarian). 5. Harizanov A. et al. (1996) Biological Pest SO4 and V1 - Cab.Sauv.), in comparision control of cultivated crops, “Agroprogress” Edition, with the infected not treated controls (V3 – Sofia (on Bulgarian). SO4 and V3 - Cab.Sauv.), where the number of nematodes increases double. 6. Tsvetkov Y., Tsvetkov I., Staykov St. (1999) Using of Peshtera composts for the purpose of The water KOMPOVET B-4 extracts vegetable seedlings cultivation. Scientific Works of influence fatal on the Xiphinema index the Higher Institute of Agriculture, 44(3), 39-46 (on nematode (under conditions of direct Bulgarian). sinking) and they repress the nematodes till 7. Choleva B., Tzvetkov J. (2000) Lab of plant their total disappearing in the container Nematology, Faculty of Biology University of Sofia experiment. The extracts stimulate the “St.Kliment Ohridski” and Exp. Station Septemvri. growth of the experimental plants, Recycling of waste products from agriculture manufacturing industry – Alternative of the chemical regardless of the infection. The best control against parasitic nematodes in the biological effect is reached with the water greenhouses and fields of Bulgaria.Annual of Sofia extract with 1:2 diluting with the both University “St.Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of varieties. Biology, Book – Zoology, vol. 92. Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 19/2005/3 76.