Intermodal Round Table and Road Map for Bulgaria Uwe Sondermann, Kombiconsult Gmbh Niklas Galonske, Hacon Ing

COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria Road Map on Intermodal Transport Sofia, 25/02/2014 in Bulgaria – FINAL, 5/6/2014

Intermodal Round Table and Road Map for Bulgaria Uwe Sondermann, KombiConsult GmbH Niklas Galonske, HaCon Ing. mbH Round table: Sofia, 25 February 2014 Road map: 5 June 2014 (final version)

COSMOS Project

Objectives

° Fostering the development of (combined) intermodal transport in South-East Europe

° Cooperative Solutions for Managing Optimized Services (COSMOS)

° www.intermodal-cosmos.eu

° Co-financed by the European Commission in the framework of a Marco Polo Common Learning Action

page 2

COSMOS Project

Partners

KombiConsult Germany Consultancy Adria Kombi Slovenia Intermodal Operator Bohemiakombi Czech Republic Intermodal Operator Crokombi Croatia Intermodal Operator DB Schenker Austria Austria Logistics Service Provider DB Schenker Bulgaria Bulgaria Railway Undertaking DB Schenker Romania Romania Railway Undertaking Ecologistics (until 08/2013) Bulgaria Terminal Operator GYSEV CARGO / Hungary / Austria Railway Undertaking RAABERBAHN CARGO HaCon Germany Consultancy, IT Lokomotion Germany Railway Undertaking Slovenian Railways Slovenia Railway Undertaking TRANS EXPRESS (since 09/2013) Bulgaria Forwarder, Terminal Operator

page 3

COSMOS Project

Promoting and disseminating intermodal transport

° Promoting intermodal transport as such, and in particular supporting schemes for modal shift to (intermodal) rail services (administrative, fiscal, technical, financial measures) towards targeted stakeholders (market parties, operational partners and political/public stakeholders)

° Dissemination of project results (“promoting campaign”): − Round tables , − Final seminar, − Knowledge platform ( www.intermodal-cosmos.eu ), − Other measures such as press releases and COSMOS presentations at conferences and seminars

page 4

Series of Round Tables

2nd Round Table Czech Republic September 2013

3rd Round Table Final Conference Hungary Austria October 2013 June 2014 4th Round Table Romania December 2013 1st Round Table Slovenia April 2013 5th Round Table Bulgaria 6th Round Table 25 February 2014 Croatia March 2014

page 5

Round Table

Co-ordinate the findings and innovative ideas of the core partners and CREAM / DIOMIS studies

Intermodal Operators

Railway Ministry of Under- Transport takings Round Infra- Terminal structure Operators Table Managers

Other Stake- Customers holders

page 6

Round Table Bulgaria

Participants (1/2)

Type Institution Representatives ( present / excused ) Ministry of Transport, Information Anton Ginev, Peter Kirov, Pepa Mollava, Dimitar Technologies and Communications Savov, Anita Angelova, Galina Vassileva , Georgi (co-organiser) Popov, Simeon Evtimov, Martin Georgiev Authorities Vesselin Vassilev, Margaritka Frantsuzova, Ivan Railway Administration Executive Agency Trenchev API Road Infrastructure Agency Iliana Zaharieva, Asia Chipeva, Zveti Timeva National Railway infrastructure Company Hristo Alexiev, Stilian Krotnev, Veneta Peeva, Infrastructure (NRIC) Penka Dilova DB Schenker Rail Bulgaria Lyubomir Garchev, Dirk Zender Georgi Drumev, Meglena Ralcheva, Lyubomir BDZ Cargo EOOD Rail Freight Ivanov, Daniela Sarkisyan Operators Bulgarian Railway Company Nedyalka Raykova, Plamena Valova Bulmarket Stanko Stankov, Stanimir Syarov Adria kombi d.o.o. Janez Merlak Intermodal Inter Ferry Boats N.V. Renzo Capanni, Konstantinos Papadopoulos Operators Schenker RLF Robert Berkovics Metalimpex (Stara Zagora) Alexander Bojilov Port of Burgas Nikolay Tishev Terminal Port of Vidin North > Bulgarian River Shipping JSC Operators Port of Varna EAD Bozhidar Chaparov Rousse Zapad > Bulgarian Maritime Administration

page 7

Round Table Bulgaria

Participants (2/2)

Type Institution Representatives ( present / excused ) Bulgarian River Shipping JSC Svilen Popov Despred Lydmil Taskov Discordia Hristo Hristov Donau Transit BorilIvanov Maersk Bulgaria Ltd Nikolay Vassilev NTS Transport Krasimira Martinova, Stoyan Vulev Forwarders / Rail Cargo Operator Pencho Popov Shipping Lines Schenker EOOD Frank Markovits, Alexander Naidenov Somat Dimitar Nikolov, Siyka Dimitrova Transbalkani Georgi Minchev Trans Express Ivan Petrov, Pavlina Dimitrova, Alexandar Ivanov Transmodal Lyubomir Syarov World Transport Overseas Ltd Svetlin Peshev European Commission, DG MOVE Gerhard Troche Association of Bulgarian Railway Carriers Simeon Ananiev Other Green Transport Cluster Elena Ananieva, Orlin Kolev Bulgarian Maritime Administration Anna Mihneva-Natova, Anton Pashov External Consultant Krassimir Anguelov COSMOS KombiConsult Uwe Sondermann, Kai Petri Coordination HaCon Niklas Galonske

page 8

Round Table Bulgaria

Methodology

° Discuss recent achievements, status quo and future prospects of intermodal transport in Bulgaria

° Achieve a consent about the growth perspective and coordinate regulative, financial and operational measures that will be necessary to foster the increase of intermodal rail services

° Identify relevant actors and time horizons for the realization of the intermodal strategy

° Summarize a “road map on intermodal transport” in Bulgaria

page 9

Road Map

Objectives

° Assessment of development of combined transport in countries selected by 2015/2020

° Evaluation of threats to and requirements for CT growth

° Elaboration of strategic development plan on CT

° Assessment of impact on rail infrastructure and CT terminal capacities in countries selected and central Europe

page 10

Round Table Bulgaria

Agenda

10:00 Welcome (Ministry of Transport, Trans Express) 10:20 Introduction COSMOS project & round tables 10:30 Status-quo of the intermodal sector in Bulgaria 10:50 Status-quo of railway infrastructure and border crossings (NRIC) 11:10 Discussion Coffee break 11:45 Discussion by topic - Ports and terminals - Current services – port hinterland/continental/transit - Access to intermodal equipment - Incentive schemes Lunch break 14:00 The Bulgarian Transport Strategy (Ministry of Transport) 14:30 EU instruments supporting intermodal transport (European Commission, DG MOVE) 14:45 Continued discussions and actions 15:30 Conclusions

page 11

page 12

Analysis of current CT market

Geographical location of Bulgaria

Poland RO

Bucharest

Belgrade Ruse BA RS Varna Sarajevo Burgas BG Sofia ME Podgorica Plovdiv Istanbul Skorpje MK AL Thessaloniki Tirana TR

Favourable location on the cross-roads between the Asian part of Turkey and central Europe as well as Aegean and Black Sea

page 13 Source: HaCon analysis

Analysis of current CT market

General country information

° Area: 111,994 km 2 ° Population: ~7,365 million ° Density of population: ~66 / km 2 (below EU average) ° Most city population: (1) Sofia 1,241,396 (2) Plovdiv 339,077 (3) Varna 334,688 (4) Burgas200,612 ° Geographical features: − Connection to the Black Sea − Plains, plateaus, hills, mountains, basins, gorges and deep river valleys − Rilo-Rhodope mountain massif with the highest mountain “Mount Musala” (2,925m) − Unusually variable and complex climate (contrasting continental / mediterranean climate zones)

page 14 Source: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, HaCon analysis

Analysis of current CT market

Economic indicators

° GDP Evolution (2007-2012) Forecast 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Billion Euro 30.7 35.4 34.9 36.1 38.5 39.7 41 42 Growth in % 6.4 6.2 -5.5 0.4 1.8 0.8 0.5 1.5

° Gross Domestic Product 2012 77.6 billion Lev (39.7 billion Euro) ° Main sectors of economy: − Energy − Mining, metallurgy, machine building − Agriculture and food industry − Tourism Increasing total GDP, including a small recovery after the financial crisis but still the lowest GDP per capita in Europe, thus allowing only marginal imports of consumer goods and resources for infrastructure investments.

page 15 Source: Eurostat, Wikipedia Encyclopedia, HaCon analysis

Analysis of current CT market

Development of economic & social indicators, 2004-2012

300

250

200

GPD 150 Import Export Population 100

50 Strong increase of international trade, in particular export of goods, where the logistics chains/transport should be in the hands of Bulgarian shippers and transport companies. 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

page 16 Source: Eurostat, KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT market

Roles in the physical transport (supply- and value-) chain

Road-only transport

Forwarder Shipper LSP Consignee Road operator CT CT Operator Operator Rail/Road transport

Road Terminal Railway Terminal Road Shipper Consignee Operator Operator Undertaking Operator Operator

Infastructure Manager

page 17 Source: KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT market

Roles in the physical transport (supply- and value-) chain

° Combined transport operators (OP) supplying mostly multi- user CT services on account of third parties ° Logistics service providers (LSP) such as forwarding agents or shipping lines operating dedicated or multi-user CT services ° Railway undertakings (RU) providing proprietary CT services in addition to rail traction services ° Shippers, terminal and port operators (Others) supplying CT services to strengthen core business and/or distribution logistics

page 18 Source: KombiConsult analysis; 2012 Report on Combined Transport in Europe

Analysis of current CT market

Rail infrastructure manager(s)

° The public rail network is managed by the National Rail Infrastructure Company (NRIC) ° NRIC is a state-owned enterprise (established in 2002) ° Main business activities : - Allocation of railway infrastructure under equal conditions - Maintenance of the railway infrastructure - Collection of infrastructure charges - Timetable coordination together with carriers/municipalities - Supervision of safety and security regulations - Creation, updating and preservation of a registry containing railway infrastructure data ° The Railway Administration Executive Agency is the National Safety Authority for railway transport in the Republic of Bulgaria

page 19 Source: NRIC website ( www.rail-infra.bg ), Website of Railway Administration Executive Agency (www.iaja.government.bg)

Analysis of current CT market

Freight transport volumes (Million tonnes), 2005-2012

Dominance of road transport (> 90% of transport volume) over rail and inland navigation.

page 20 Source: National statistical institute of Bulgaria (www.nsi.bg)

Analysis of current CT market

Freight transport modal split (% in total inland freight tonne-km)

EU27 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Rail 19,7 18,8 18,3 18,2 17,9 17,7 18 17,9 17,8 16,6 17,1 18,3 18,2 Road 73,7 74,8 75,5 75,9 76,1 76,4 76,3 76,3 76,3 77,5 76,2 75,6 75,1 IWW 6,5 6,4 6,2 5,8 5,9 5,9 5,7 5,8 5,9 6 6,7 6,1 6,7

Bulgaria 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Rail 45,2 (e) 36,7 (e) 33,1 (e) 34,3 (e) 29,2 (e) 25,4 (e) 27,1 25,1 20,5 (b) 11,9 (b) 10,7 11,4 8,9 Road 52,3 (e) 60,2 (e) 62,9 (e) 61,7 (e) 66,9 (e) 70,8 (e) 69 70,1 66,9 (b) 67,4 (b) 68,1 73,6 74,7 IWW 2,6 (e) 3,1 4 4 3,9 3,7 3,9 4,8 12,6 (b) 20,7 (b) 21,2 15 16,4

e=estimated b=break in time series

Short Description: This indicator is defined as the percentage share of each mode of transport in total inland transport expressed in tonne-kilometres (tkm). It includes transport by road, rail and inland waterways (IWW). Road transport is based on all movements of vehicles registered in the reporting country. Rail and Inland waterways transport is generally based on movements on national territory, regardless of the nationality of the vehicle or vessel, but there are some variations in definitions from country to country.

Major losses in the share of rail freight transports between 2000 and 2012.

page 21 Source: Eurostat, HaCon analysis

Analysis of current CT market

Railway undertakings with focus on rail freight transport: ranked by market shares (turnover)

2009 2012 ° BDZ Cargo ° BDZ Cargo ° Bulgarian Railway Company ° DB Schenker Rail Bulgaria ° Bulmarket ° Bulgarian Railway Company ° Gastrade ° Bulmarket ° Unitranscom ° Gastrade ° Unitranscom

Only six companies carrying out rail freight services in Bulgaria, where the incumbent railway undertaking holds about 55% of the market and the “new entrants” have gained about 45%.

page 22 Source: UIC/Diomis study on Bulgaria, 2009 / SeeNews.com from October 2008 / “Europäische Bahnen ‘12”

Analysis of current CT market

Rail freight transport performance (m tkm), 2000-2012

Decline of domestic - and relative stability of international rail performance.

page 23 Source: National statistical institute of Bulgaria (www.nsi.bg)

Analysis of current CT market

Rail freight transport volumes (m tonnes), 2000-2012

10 domestic international 8

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

page 24 Source: National statistical institute of Bulgaria (www.nsi.bg)

Analysis of current CT market

Development of rail freight transport – summary & conclusions

° After fall of the iron curtain, and during the „accession period“ quick wins could be realised by road transport which was often more flexible, open to entrepreneurship and promoted by truck and construction industry. ° Further drop-down in rail freight transport between 2008 and 2009 due to economic crisis. In contrast to road transport no recovery of rail transport since then. ° In contrast to road transport the rail sector lacks coherent infrastructure investments, both in maintenance, refurbishment and new builds - which can be exploited fully only after their entire implementation - while improved roads can be used on sections, already. ° Old and general poor state or repair of rolling stock. ° General mind-set towards road.

page 25 Source: HaCon/KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT market

Intermodal Operators

° Adria Kombi

° BDZ Cargo

° DB Schenker

° Inter Ferry Boats

° Kombiverkehr (in cooperation with Adria kombi)

° Rail Cargo Group

Intermodal operators are mainly active in transit traffic between Western European countries and Turkey; A “local hero” with a Bulgarian owner base is missing.

page 26 Source: UIC/Diomis study on Bulgaria, 2009; HaCon/KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT market

Railway transport of intermodal units*, 2004 – 2012

*“containers“

page 27 Source: KombiConsult/HaCon analysis based on Eurostat and NSI data

Analysis of current CT market

Railway transport of intermodal units*, 2011 – 2012

*“containers“

Total low and slightly decreasing volumes (the total equals to about 1-2 daily train pairs) with a still dominating of transit trains, and very low rate of im-/export and domestics services

page 28 Source: KombiConsult analysis based on Eurostat and NSI data

Analysis of current CT market

Unaccompanied CT: Transport volume of country to country trade lanes, 2011 (Tonnes & TEU) Romania: 26,612 tonnes 1,417 TEU Belgium: 1,986 tonnes 188 TEU

Slovenia: 2,568 tonnes 368 TEU Turkey: 417,619 tonnes 23,816 TEU

page 29 Source: Report on combined transport in Europe, December 2012, pp.88 ff.

Analysis of current CT market

Development of intermodal transport – summary & conclusions

° Despite population and economic centre of Sofia, two “own” seaports and ongoing attention to rail freight transport, intermodal transport from/to/within Bulgaria is almost not existing (volume equals to 1-2 train-pairs per day); ° In recent years, main intermodal transport volumes were related to transit traffic from/to Turkey; ° Substantial loss in transit volumes with relation Turkey (since 2013); ° Volatile volumes depending on single train connections; ° No “sustainable” development, yet.

page 30 Source: HaCon/KombiConsult analysis 2014

Round Table Bulgaria

Agenda

10:00 Welcome and introduction (Ministry of Transport, KombiConsult, Trans Express) 10:20 Introduction COSMOS project & round tables 10:30 Status-quo of the intermodal sector in Bulgaria 10:50 Status-quo of railway infrastructure and border crossings (NRIC) 11:10 Discussion Coffee break 11:45 Discussion by topic - Ports and terminals - Current services – port hinterland/continental/transit - Access to intermodal equipment - Incentive schemes Lunch break 14:00 The Bulgarian Transport Strategy (Ministry of Transport) 14:30 EU instruments supporting intermodal transport (European Commission, DG MOVE) 14:45 Continued discussions and actions 15:30 Conclusions

page 31

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Public rail network managed by NRIC – general data

Indicator [Km] 1

Total length of line 4,070

Single-track lines 3,101

Double-track lines 969

Lengthof electrified lines 2,849

Limitations of infrastructure 2

Max. train length 520 m

Max. use weight of train 1,200 tonnes

1 2 page 32 Source: National Railway Infrastructure Company, 2014 / UIC/Diomis study on Bulgaria, 2009

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – Pan European Corridors

IV IX SILISTRA VIDIN RUSSE LOM KARDAM

DOBRICH SAMUIL JASEN

LEVSKI PLEVEN KASPICHAN VIII ЧЕРВЕН VRATSA БРЯГ X BERKOVITSA GORNA VARNA MEZDRA SINDEL DIMITROVGRAD JZ ORJAHOVITSA Varna ferry DRAGOMAN KALOTINA

SOFIA STOLNIK KARLOV SLIVEN KARNOBAT KAZICHAN O E PERNIK VAKAREL DABOVO ZIMNITSA TULOVO RADOMIR BURGAS STARA NOVA ZAGORA ZAGORA SEPTEMVRI VIII DUPNITSA GJUESHEVO

SIMEONOVGRAD BLAGOEVGARD PLOVDIV VIII DIMITROVGRAD DOBRINISHTE SVILENGRAD

PODKOVA KULATA IX IV IX

page 33 Source: Base map: NRIC, HaCon analysis 2014

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

TEN-T Core Network Corridors (CNC) Orient/East-Med Germany – Austria/CZ/ SK – Romania – Bulgaria – Greece/ TR border

Rhine-Danube France – Germany – Austria/CZ/SK – Bulgaria – Croatia / Romania

Bulgaria is now located at two of the nine Trans-European Core Network Corridors, the “Orient/East-Med” and “Rhine-Danube” corridor, as well as Rail Freight Corridor N°7 (see next page).

page 34 Source: European Commission; map based on outcome of the informal trilogue on June 27th 2013

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Rail Freight Corridor (RFC) 7 Corridor alignment BG Investment plan BG

Corridor main line Corridor alternative line

page 35 Source: RFC7 website, Implementation plan for RFC7 , May 2013

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

ERTMS lines required by European Deployment Plan

ERTMS required by European Deployment Plan

Additional voluntary national deployment

Trans-European railway network

Freight area

page 36 Source: European Commission, ERTMS deployment plan

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – TEN-T + Rail Freight + ERTMS Corridors

SILISTRA VIDIN RUSSE LOM KARDAM

DOBRICH SAMUIL JASEN

LEVSKI PLEVEN KASPICHAN ЧЕРВЕН VRATSA БРЯГ BERKOVITSA GORNA DIMITROV- MEZDRA SINDEL VARNA GRAD JZ ORJAHOVITSA Varna ferry DRAGOMAN KALOTINA

SOFIA STOLNIK TEN-T CNC KARLOV SLIVEN KARNOBAT KAZICHAN O E “Orient-East Med” PERNIK VAKAREL DABOVO ZIMNITSA TULOVO RADOMIR BURGAS STARA NOVA RFC 7 ZAGORA ZAGORA SEPTEMVRI “Orient Corridor” DUPNITSA GJUESHEVO Main route SIMEONOVGRAD BLAGOEVGARD PLOVDIV DIMITROVGRAD Alternative DOBRINISHTE SVILENGRAD route Requested ERTMS lines PODKOVA KULATA

page 37 Source: Base map: NRIC; European Commission TEN-T maps; RFC7 Implementation Plan, May 2013

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Electrified lines on RFC 7 Main corridor lines electrified Despite Craiova –Calafat / Vidin section

Electrified

non-electrified

Craiova – Calafat “heading for new (electrified) Danube bridge to Vidine (BG) requiring Diesel traction on around 90 km

page 38 Source: CFR SA Network Statement; Photo: Railvolution 5/13; KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – line limitations on main freight lines (speed restrictions, missing electrification, single track sections)

Single track, non-electrified CRAIOVA (RO) SILISTRA VIDIN

LOM RUSSE KARDAM Vmax = Single DOBRICH SAMUIL track 80 km/h JASEN Single LEVSKI track PLEVEN KASPICHAN ЧЕРВЕН VRATSA БРЯГ BERKOVITSA GORNA MEZDRA SINDEL DIMITROVGRAD JZ ORJAHOVITSA Varna ferry VARNA DRAGOMAN KALOTINA

Single SOFIASTOLNIK KARLOV SLIVEN KARNOBAT track KAZICHAN O E PERNIK VAKAREL DABOVO ZIMNITSA RADOMIR TULOVO STARA NOVA BURGAS ZAGORA ZAGORA SEPTEMVRI DUPNITSA GJUESHEVO

SIMEONOVGRAD BLAGOEVGARD PLOVDIV TEN-T CNC Single DIMITROVGRAD RHINE – DANUBE DOBRINISHTE SVILENGRAD track Vmax = + RFC 7 80 km/h Vmax = Single track, Alternative PODKOVA 85 km/h non-electrified RFC 7 route KULATA

page 39 Source: Base map: NRIC; European Commission TEN-T maps; RFC7 Implementation Plan, May 2013

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Current status of infrastructure – summary & conclusions

° History of started and partly completed “rehabilitation” projects on several sections of the Pan-European Transport Corridors IV, ... ° Only a continuous completion brings the full market attractiveness ° Focus should be on completion of removing bottlenecks and missing links rather than starting totally new sections − Domestic: Ports – Sofia − International: BG/RO border: Romanian section Calafat BG/TR border: electrification, train length 700 m

page 40 Source: HaCon/KombiConsult analysis 2014

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Impact of the maximum permitted train length

Maritime Continental Trainlength 600 m 700 m 600 m 700 m Wagon length 26 m 26 m 34 m 34 m N°ofwagon 23 26 17 20 Capacity 4 TEU 4 TEU 2 ST 2 ST Total Capacity* 92 104 34 40 Difference 12 TEU 6 Semi-Trailers (ST) Efficiency +13% +17% Wagon type Sggnss/Sggr/ss80‘ T3000 104‘ * Maximum train weight may reduce the total capacity

Situation in Bulgaria: Max train length: 520 m

page 41 Source: KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Impact of the maximum permitted train length

Maritime Continental Trainlength 600 m 700 m 600 m 700 m Wagon tara 21.5 t 21.5 t 35 t 35 t N°ofwagon 23 26 17 20 Tareweight 495 t 560 t 595 t 700 t Total Capacity 92 TEU 104 TEU 34 ST 40 ST Ø Weight 12 t/TEU 28 t/ST Loadweight 1.104 t 1.248 t 952 t 1.120 t Total weight 1.599 t 1.808 t 1.527 t 1.820 t Difference 209 t 273 t Efficiency +13% +17% Wagon type Sggnss80‘ T3000 104‘

page 42 Source: KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Intermodal Loading Units – semi-trailers

13.6 m long 4 m external height 3 m internal height Flexible to use For different cargo Required loading profile „P400“

Semi-trailers became standard equipment in international road transport and thus intermodal operation

page 43 Source: KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Impact of „P400“ profile on intermodal development The „P400“ loading gauge became effective on Brenner line München (DE) and Verona (IT) by the year 2000

Loading units p.a.

Total unaccompined CT Semi-trailers

Due to enlargement the number of transported semi- trailers increased by 600% in eight years.

page 44 Source: KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – intermodal loading gauge

CRAIOVA (RO) SILISTRA VIDIN

LOM RUSSE KARDAM No data No data DOBRICH SAMUIL JASEN P/C

LEVSKI 80/410** PLEVEN KASPICHAN ЧЕРВЕН VRATSA БРЯГ BERKOVITSA GORNA MEZDRA SINDEL DIMITROVGRAD JZ ORJAHOVITSA Varna ferry VARNA DRAGOMAN KALOTINA P/C

SOFIASTOLNIK 30/360** KARLOV SLIVEN KARNOBAT KAZICHAN O E PERNIK VAKAREL DABOVO ZIMNITSA TULOVO RADOMIR STARA P/CNOVA BURGAS No data ZAGORA No data ZAGORA 59/389- SEPTEMVRI DUPNITSA GJUESHEVO 80/410**

SIMEONOVGRAD BLAGOEVGARD PLOVDIV TEN-T CNC DIMITROVGRAD P/C P/C RHINE – DANUBE DOBRINISHTE SVILENGRAD 59/389* 59/389- + RFC 7 80/410**

Alternative PODKOVA RFC 7 route KULATA

page 45 Source: Base map: NRIC, *RFC7 Implementation Plan, May 2013, **CREAM Project, 2010

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – Restrictions hindering intermodal services

° Partly no electrification − E.g. section between Plovdiv and the Turkish border

° Speed limitations

° Capacity restrictions due to single-track sections

° Limited train length of only 520m rather than 700m

° Major limitation of the intermodal gauge only on RFC7 alternative routing between Dimitrovgrad and Russe (section Tuluvo-Gorna Orjahovitsa)

page 46 Source: UIC/DIOMIS study on Bulgaria, 2009

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – overall actual status and objectives

Parameter Unit Objective* Actual value

Loading gauge P/C 70 –P/C 400 P/C 45 –P/C 375 85-90 Nominal speed km/h 120 (25 km/h commercial speed) 22,5 v ≤100 km/h 22,5 (RFC7 and Mass per axle t/axle 20 v ≤120 km/h TEN-T corridors) Minimum useful m 740 500-700 siding length Gross tonnage t 1.500 1.400-3.000 of trains

page 47 * Regulation 1315/2013 EC

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – TEN-T CNC + Rail Freight Corridors RO RO RO SILISTRA VIDIN CALAFAT GIURGIU NEGRU VODA RUSSE LOM KARDAM KARDAM

DOBRICH SAMUIL JASEN

LEVSKI PLEVEN KASPICHAN ЧЕРВЕН VRATSA БРЯГ BERKOVITSA GORNA MEZDRA SINDEL VARNA DIMITROVGRAD JZ ORJAHOVITSA Varna ferry KALOTINA

RS DRAGOMAN SOFIASTOLNIK KARLOV SLIVEN KARNOBAT KAZICHAN O E PERNIK VAKAREL DABOVO ZIMNITSA TULOVO RADOMIR BURGAS STARA NOVA ZAGORA ZAGORA SEPTEMVRI DUPNITSA GJUESHEVO

TEN-T CNC 4 SIMEONOVGRAD BLAGOEVGARD PLOVDIV RFC 7 DIMITROVGRAD DOBRINISHTE SVILENGRAD KAPIKULE EU KULATA PODKOVA Non-EU DIKEA TR PROMACHON GR GR

page 48 Source: Base map: NRIC; European Commission TEN-T maps; RFC7 Implementation Plan, May 2013

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Border crossing stopping times - examples

4 hours

page 49 Source: CREAM project, HaCon analysis, 2009

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Main issues for border crossing stations and sections

° Svilengrad / Kapikule Long stopping time due to insufficient cooperation; limited opening times of TR customs in Kapikule; construction / line blockings on TR side.

° Vidin / Calafat Some 90 km line on RO side not electrified; almost no traffic on this line.

° Dimitrovgrad / Kalotina / Dragoman Lack of cooperation/information exchange; high gradient between Dragoman and Dimitrovgrad.

page 50

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Infrastructure access charges for freight trains (2011) in €

page 51 Source: RailwayPRO article, July 2011

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Infrastructure access charges

Relatively high rail access charges compared to neighbouring RFC7 countries. According to NRIC infra charges have been reduced meanwhile; however, charge reductions are only partly effective as electricity fees have been increased.

page 52 Source: RFC7 Implementation Plan, May 2013; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: rail infrastructure

Railway network – summary and conclusions ° Continuation of Pan-European, Trans-European and Rail Freight Corridor lines on Bulgarian territory; ° RFC7 implementation plan as a good starting point requiring more orientation to the users and transparent monitoring of realisation; ° Loading gauge analysis to be updated, especially with regard to not yet analysed lines : from/to Burgas/Varna and via Danube bridge Vidin/Calafat + enlargements if necessary; ° Accept (limited) weight class “C3” as stipulated in the RFC7; ° Facilitate 700m (wagon) train length in coordination with neighbouring IM and RU; ° Improve border crossing procedures in close cooperation with customs/border police, IM and RU; ° Seek to obtain cheaper network access charges for block trains until full objectives as regards length, weight, speed are met.

page 53 Source: HaCon analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

page 54

Round Table Bulgaria

Agenda

page 55

Analysis of current CT: intermodal terminals

Intermodal Terminals – locations and operation status

Vidin SILISTRA VIDIN C

RUSSE CLOM Lom Ruse KARDA M DOBRICH SAMUIL JASEN

PlevenLEVSKI PLEVEN KASPICHAN ЧЕРВЕН VRATSA БРЯГ BERKOVITS Vratza VARNAVarna A GORNA SINDEL MEZDR Gorna Varna ferry A ORJAHOVITSA DIMITROVGRAD JZ DRAGOMA DragomanKALOTINA N

STOLNIK KARLOV SLIVEN KARNOBAT KAZICHAN O SOFIA SofiaE PERNIK VAKAREL DABOVO ZIMNITSA TULOVO RADOMIR BURGAS STARA NOVA Burgas ZAGORA StaraZAGORA Zagora SEPTEMVRI DUPNITSA Plovdiv GJUESHEV O PLOVDIC Filipovo V SIMEONOVGRA BLAGOEVGAR DIMITROVGRA D Inland D D DOBRINISHTE Dimitrovgrad CSVILENGRAD Port Svilengrad KULATA PODKOV Non-operational A Planned

page 56 Source: NRIC network statement 2013; UIC/DIOMIS Report on Bulgaria, 2009; KombiConsult analysis 2014

Analysis of current CT: intermodal terminals

Intermodal Terminals – threshold for seaport hinterland

Vidin SILISTRA VIDIN C

RUSSE CLOM Lom Ruse KARDA M DOBRICH SAMUIL JASEN

PlevenLEVSKI PLEVEN KASPICHAN ЧЕРВЕН VRATSA БРЯГ BERKOVITS Vratza VARNAVarna A GORNA SINDEL MEZDR Gorna Varna ferry A Kombiverkehr ORJAHOVITSA DIMITROVGRAD JZ DRAGOMA DragomanKALOTINA N

page 57 Source: NRIC network statement 2013; UIC/DIOMIS Report on Bulgaria 2009; KombiConsult analysis 2014

Analysis of current CT: intermodal terminals

Intermodal Terminals – Characteristics

Gantry Mobile Total tracks Capacity (LU p.a.) Volume cranes length Name RMG RTG RS N° handling tracks Min (m)

Yana Sofia - - 1 5 2,000 60,000 91,000 60,000 -

Stara Zagora 1 - 2 5 2,970 240,000 136,000 136,000 10,000

300,000 227,000 196,000

Assumptions: 16 hours per day; 250 days p.a.; RMG 30/RS 15 LU/hr; 1.5 LU/wagon; flow factor 1 (which is high and requires storage tracks nearby); further limitation by small storage space not considered, yet

page 58 Source: intermodal-terminal.eu; KombiConsult analysis 2014

Analysis of current CT: intermodal terminals

Intermodal Terminals – summary and conclusions

° Small number of private terminals in: − Sofia-Yana (temporarily closed) − Stara Zagora − Ruse (in the border freight station) ° Numerous terminals planned: Sofia, Plovdiv, Svilengrad, Dragoman, Vidin, Lom ° Seaport hinterland services, competing with relatively low road transport costs, may require a minimum distance of about 500 km to be economically viable on rail, thus only Varna-Sofia is worth for block train operations. ° Priorisation recommended with a proven market analysis, underlaying economic train production concepts and realisation in phases

page 59 Source: KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: ports

Development of port handling volume (TEU), 2001-2012

page 60 Source: UIC/DIOMIS Report on Bulgaria 2009, Report on Combined Transport 2010, 2012; KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT: ports

Prognosis of port handling volume (TEU), 2001-2017

+17% p.a

page 61 Source: KombiConsult analysis based on “ New Container Terminals Development Plans“ of 2008

Analysis of current CT: intermodal terminals

Terminal database: www.intermodal-terminals.eu

page 62 Source: www.intermodal-terminals.eu/database

Analysis of current CT: intermodal terminals

page 63 Source: www.intermodal-terminals.eu/database

Analysis of current CT: intermodal terminals

Design Parameters ° Efficient rail access ° Efficient road access ° Non-exclusive, open to all users

mandatory ° Capability of receiving full trains − 740m minimum, 2 tracks ° Total surface of at least 8 hectares ° Inclusion of empty container depot ° Stacking capacity of 200 LU

optionally ° 24/7/52 year round operation ° Secured, accommodating extended customs gate solution ° State-of-art ICT connections Criteria, generally useful, but only the first 4 should be mandatory, while the others are depending on the market to be attracted and the operation concept

page 64 Source: Photo: DUSS Frankfurt am Main (Ost); COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: Recent/potential CT services

Bratislava Vienna Budapest

Villach Ljubljana Trieste Zagreb Bucharest Belgrade Constanza Venezia Koper Danube Rijeka Varna Burgas Sofia Podgorica Dimitrovgrad Rome Bar Skopje Tirana Status February 2014: Durres ° Only intermodal train connections from/to Turkey: Thessaloniki Wien – Tekirdag/Cerkezköy (IFB), 5 round trips per week Ruhr area – Tekirdag/Cerkezköy (Rail Cargo Group), 3 round trips ° Additional road/rail services supplied in single wagon load traffic, e.g. TRANS EXPRESS rail terminal Voluyak, Sofia Athens

page 65 Source: HaCon/KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: Recent/potential CT services

TRANS EXPRESS multimodal service to/from Voluyak, Sofia

° TRANS EXPRESS multimodal service − Door-to-door service shifting freight from road to rail − Transport of paper in reels from several paper plants in Europe to end customers in Bulgaria. − The freight is Single Wagon Loads to run from Europe to Voluyak terminal, where the paper reels are unloaded and reloaded on trucks for distribution in about 200km to end customers, by trucks. − Service is supported by the European Commission within the Marco Polo programme (“TransX.com”) ° Voluyak terminal − Operated by TRANS EXPRESS − Located in Sofia-West − Very good connection to rail network, with a direct access to transport corridors IV, VIII and X − Available facilities and equipment for rail-road cross- docking operations − Available sheltered rail siding inside storage for use for special products, sensitive to humidity (such as paper)

page 66 Source: TRANS EXPRESS

Analysis of current CT: Recent/potential CT services

Availability of CT services

° Despite several attempts to establish regular block-train services with high quality to/from and via Bulgaria and the moderate success that could be achieved, with the financial crisis, the breakdown of economy and the re-routing of Turkish trade only one regular service (of IFB) is transiting Bulgaria. ° The other logistics parties, intermodal operators and railway undertakings are “on hold” offering “spot traffic” or “on demand”; ° These loads are supplied in single wagon load traffic with its challenges with respect to monitoring, punctuality and reliability which does often not meet the customer’s demand. ° Although the terminal Sofia “Yana” was built in accordance with customer’s needs, and the “chicken-and-egg” situation was solved no additional volume appeared and the terminal is temporarily closed. A priorisation of actions involving industrial stakeholders (shippers), shipping lines to change the “wait-and-see”-attitude and create small “success stories” would be required at national level.

page 67 Source: KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: Continental Services

Continental intermodal services – loading units

page 68 Source: COSMOS project website

Analysis of current CT: Continental Services

Continental intermodal services – loading units

° For continental trade lanes and corresponding logistics services a variety of loading units have been developed in order to supply loading capabilities similar to road transport. ° These are available for sale or lease from the producers or specialised leasing companies and maybe hired from forwarders for start-up of intermodal services. ° Despite a few exceptions it is expected that the forwarders or transport operators provide for the loading units at shippers premises and bring them to the intermodal terminal for transshipment onto wagon as their part of the joint commitment to intermodal transport.

These types of loading units were said to be hardly available in Bulgaria where classical truck/trailer combinations are utilized or ISO containers are used during their “idle” time for domestics transports; The mindset towards “intermodal” transport should therefore be implemented in the education and training of staff already.

page 69 Source: KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: Continental Services

Competition of land and short sea routings

Frankfurt Ludwigshafen

Trieste

3xX Operational Parameters: Fast transport by train and ferry 3x Pendik Local pick-up/delivery by truck Suitable for 4-m high semi-trailers („P400“) 3 / 6 departures / week x direction Multi-client train open for forwarders Synchronised services 6x Patras Complementary to existing services

page 70 Source: Kombiverkehr/KombiConsult analysis

Analysis of current CT: Continental Services

Competition of land and short sea routings

° Since several years alternative land routings via the Pan-European Corridors IV (Hungary - Romania - Bulgaria) and X (West Balkans) to and from Turkey were used for road and rail services with; ° Expectation on a considerable improvement of the transit time, punctuality and reliability were disappointing and not competitive with road-only services; ° Thus Turkish forwarders, such as EKOL or MARS, developed bypasses suing the ferry connections to Trieste and continued rail- road services to mayor Western European destinations; ° These turned to be competitive in times of transit time, quality and price and are further challenging the land routings

page 71 Source: KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: Legal Framework

Catalogue of incentives for CT and their application in BG

No ° Financial aid for CT operations: start-up or continuous support of CT services; No ° Financial aid for investments in infrastructure, e.g. CT terminals; No ° Financial aid for investments in CT equipment; No ° Financial aid for investments in information systems, training etc; No ° Derogation from Directive 96/53/EC governing the weights and dimensions of heavy good vehicles. No ° Any special treatment as far as maximum dimensions and weight is concerned in force for vehicles moving in CT No ° Exemption from driving bans for road vehicles, e.g. weekend ban No ° Vehicle tax exemption of up to 100% for vehicles used exclusively in terminal pick-up and delivery operation** No ° Exemptions from road usage fees or tolls for vehicles in CT *Council Directive 96/53/EC “Maximum authorized weights and dimensions” **Directive 92/106/EEC “Establishment of common rules for certain types of combined transport “

page 72 Source: KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: Legal Framework

Catalogue of incentives for CT and their application in BG

° In different European countries a couple of incentive schemes in favour of intermodal transport rail/road/(waterways) were experienced at different times. ° The previous table provides a snapshot of these. ° In Bulgaria none of these incentives is currently available. ° Bulgarian stakeholders should therefore investigate very carefully the “new” instruments” which the Regulation EU 1316/2013 “Connecting Europe Facility” brings to them, develop appropriate proposals and apply for the respective funds (see next page). ° Due to the applicability of Cohesion funds the instrument is even more interesting for Bulgaria.

page 73 Source: KombiConsult analysis; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Analysis of current CT: Legal Framework

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Round Table Bulgaria

Agenda

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Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Strategic Framework

° Strategy for the Development of the Transport System of the Republic of Bulgaria until 2020 ° National Development Programme: Bulgaria 2020 – Priority 8 Improvement of the Transport Connectivity and the Market Access ° OP on Transport 2007-2013 and OP on Transport and Transport Infrastructure 2014 – 2020 (draft) ° General Transport Master Plan for Bulgaria ° Strategy for Integration of the Bulgarian Railway Infrastructure in the European Intermodal Network ° Strategy for Development of the Bulgarian Transport Infrastructure through the Concession Schemes ° Integrated Transport Strategy of Bulgaria (in preparation)

page 76 Source: Bulgarian MTITC presentation, COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Current projects for intermodal terminals

° Intermodal Terminal Ruse − Project preparation under OPT 2007 – 2013 Locations should respect the investments and − Tender procedure – 2015 capacities of present − Indicative cost of planned investment – € 26 M terminals and fill gaps, − Indicative period of implementation – 2 years only. Terminal investments should be ° Intermodal Terminal Plovdiv accompanied by a − Indicative budget – € 7 M thorough market − Construction – December 2015 analysis and take into account efficient train − Next step – signing of grant contract production systems to ° Intermodal Terminal Varna link with other terminals. − Location: South industrial zone of the city of Varna − Transport modes served: sea, rail and road − Approved for implementation under the new investment programme “Sustainable development of the regions” with an initial budget of € 15 M

page 77 Source: Bulgarian MTITC presentation; KombiConsult/HaCon analysis, COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Visions and proposals for the period 2014-2020

° Planning the next OP “Transport and Transport Infrastructure” shall be based on the integrated development of all transport modes ° More complex OP in particular sectors (not focus only on basic infrastructures) ° Construction of intermodal terminals to increase mobility and reduce transport costs ° Improving railway links and approaches to the sea and river ports, to airports and big urban centers ° Improvement of border crossings and procedures ° Preparation of a new tariff policy, programs, management and maintenance of operational assets ° Delivery of new rolling stock and ERTMS equipment for locomotives ° Building an accessible environment and complete renovation of key station complexes – intermodality for passengers ° Development and implementation of innovative and intelligent traffic management systems

page 78 Source: National Railway Infrastructure Company (NRIC), COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Railway Projects 2014-2020 (Overview)

° Under implementation − Rehabilitation of the Railway Infrastructure along Plovdiv – Burgas Railway Line – Stage I − Modernization of Sofia – Plovdiv Railway Line (Septemvri – Plovdiv Section) − Electrification and reconstruction of Plovdiv- Svilengrad Railway Line (Dimitrovgrad – Svilengrad Section) ° Planned Projects 2014 – 2020 − Completion of Plovdiv – Burgas Railway Line - Stage ІІ − Modernization of Sofia – Plovdiv Railway Line (Septemvri – Sofia Section) − Reconstruction of design parameters of Ruse – Varna Railway Line − Modernization of Karnobat - Sindel Railway Line (partially) − Modernization of Vidin – Medkovets Railway Line − Modernization of Sofia – Dragoman Railway Line

page 79 Source: Bulgarian MTITC presentation; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Priority Projects 2014 – 2020 (detailed sections, financing)

° OP “Transport and Transport Infrastructure” − Modernisation of railway section Sofia – Septemvri, total length 98 km (indicative cost € 1 046 m) − PPF for railway project on TEN-T network – modernisation of railway sections Sofia-Pernik and Pernik-Radomir, development of railway junctions Sofia and Burgas (indicative cost € 360 m) − Rehabilitation of the railway line Plovdiv – Burgas (phase 2), total length of the sections to be reconstructed - 108 km (indicative cost € 334,2 m) − Rehabilitation to the design parameters of the railway line Ruse – Varna, total length 232 km (indicative cost € 305,7 m) − Modernization of the railway line Karnobat – Sindel, total length 50 km (indicative cost € 173 m) ° Connecting Europe Facility − Update of project Vidin – Sofia and project preparation for railway section Vidin – Medkovets, total length 66 km (indicative cost € 5,95 m) − Modernisation of section Sofia – Dragoman, total length 143 km (indicative cost € 132,3 m) − Modernization of the railway line Radomir – Gyueshevo, total length 88 km (indicative cost € 556.6 m)

page 80 Source: National Railway Infrastructure Company (NRIC), COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Railway Projects 2014-2020 (Overview; Map) Projects under implementation: I. Plovdiv – Burgas – Stage I II. Septemvri – Plovdiv 5. 3. III. Plovdiv- Svilengrad – Turkish/Greek Borders

6. 4.

2. 1. II I Planned Projects until 2020 1.Plovdiv – Bourgas – stage ІІ III 2.Septemvri – Sofia (partially) 3.Ruse - Varna 4.Karnobat – Sindel (partially) 5.Vidin – Medkovets 6.Sofia – Dragoman

page 81 Source: Bulgarian MTITC presentation, COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Development of the Port Infrastructure Port Terminals under Concession − Vidin North − Oryahovo Vidin South Vidin Nikopol − Lom Ruse − Oryahovo Lom Balchik Somovit Svishtov − Somovit Lesport − Nikopol − Svishtov Varna − Ruse West Sofia − Balchik Nesebar − Lesport − Burgas Burgas East 2 − Burgas West Rosenetz − Rosenetz − Nesebar (in appeal procedure) Planned Concessions − Vidin Center − Ruse East − Ruse Zimovnik

page 82 Source: Bulgarian MTITC presentation; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Intermodal Terminal Varna

° A new intermodal terminal at the Port of Varna (“Port-Varna East”) is expected to be completed within three years after issue of building permits, says Bulgaria’s Ministry of Transport on 16/05/2014. ° The cost of the project is BGN 90 Million (EUR 46 Million). ° The tender for the construction of the terminal was launched at the end of April 2014. ° Construction works could begin in 2015.

page 83 Source: wire.seenews.com, 21/05/2014 Photo: http://www.port-varna.bg

Development of Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria

Modernisation of railway network (summary map)

page 84 Source: RailwayPRO article, November 2013

Evaluation of CT: SWOT-Analysis

SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses ° Integration into European trade lanes ° Not competitive railway network via corridors (outdated and worn railway means) ° Central position with respect to transit ° Low reliability of rail services due to traffic from/to Turkey: pan-European infrastructure deficits and border corridors 4 (via RO) and 10 (via RS) crossing procedures (non Schengen cross Bulgaria; now replaced by two regime); especially border crossing BG- TEN-T corridors TR is problematic ° Deep-sea access via the Port of ° Low number of industrial sites; Varna/Burgas on own territory low number of exports goods

° Trade-oriented economy with skilled ° Only small increase of GDP per capita workforce does not yet allow import of consumer goods ° Some competent international and ° Lack of prioritisation of investments and national companies in the rail and coordination with commercial logistics sector stakeholders

page 85 Source: KombiConsult/HaCon analysis, 2014

Evaluation of CT: SWOT-Analysis

SWOT Analysis

Opportunities Threats ° Geographical position with respect to ° Redirection of transit flows to parallel important European development axis networks due to slow development of public rail infrastructure ° Further stabilisation of Eastern Balkans ° Redirection of port handling to Western and Turkey / European integration will ports due to lack of efficient rail bring increase of transport flows, incl. connections to/from Burgas/Varna rail in transit ° Transfer of less demanding production ° Increase of number of bottlenecks in to Asia and imports of goods via Black- rail network due to slow improvement Sea/Aegean/Adriatic ports ° Growth poles of industrial sites, ° Lack of confidence in implementing agglomeration, logistics facilities and originally agreed “plans” and access to networks absorption of available EU funds

page 86 Source: KombiConsult/HaCon analysis, 2014

Conclusions

Summary of Conclusions (1/2)

° Bulgaria is strategically located on the cross roads of European/Asian trade lanes with direct access to the black sea by own ports, Aegean sea via Thessaloniki; ° Potential cargo flows which could be modally shifted from road to intermodal rail / road services are operated by a variety of small road hauliers which show only little attempts to share their revenues with intermodal/rail operators; ° The “chicken-and-egg” situation between appropriate infrastructure and intermodal services is still existing although intermodal terminals Stara Zagora is operational, Sofia “Yana” was built and in Plovdiv building is said to start soon; ° Rail infrastructure along the Rail Freight Corridor (RFC) 7 needs to be completed at highest priority to supply harmonised operation conditions across border

page 87 Source: KombiConsult/HaCon analysis, 2014; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Conclusions

Summary of Conclusions (2/2)

° European funds supporting these “multimodal” corridors are generally available and need to be requested in the framework of the “Operational Programmes” (OP) Transport at national level; ° The concertation with stakeholders, such as ports, rail-road terminals, railway undertakings, and other users of the infrastructure are carried out in the framework of the “Trans- European Core Network Corridors”; ° Already at national level the transport sector stakeholders should join their forces to provide a coherent set of projects which will deliver an added value for the shippers and transport operators with respect to efficient, fast and reliable transport by intermodal rail road services;

page 88 Source: KombiConsult/HaCon analysis, 2014; COSMOS Round Table Bulgaria 2014

Conclusions

What‘s next?

X° KombiConsult/HaCon will send the draft road map (based on the round table presentations) to all invited participants. ° All invited participants are asked to validate the facts, findings X and conclusions and send additional information or modification requests to KombiConsult/HaCon Feedback in English or German preferred. ° KombiConsult/HaCon will consolidate the comments received by X than and send the final version to all participants. The final version will be in English. ° Participants are invited to use the joint findings whenever possible to promote intermodal transport in Bulgaria. ° The Final Conference of the COSMOS project will take place in June 2014 and will present the results of all Round Tables organised on country level (see next page)

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Series of Round Tables – Next events

2nd Round Table Czech Republic September 2013

Final Conference 3rd Round Table Austria Hungary June 2014 October 2013 (planned) 4th Round Table Romania December 2013 1st Round Table Slovenia April 2013 5th Round Table Bulgaria 25 February 2014 6th Round Table Croatia March 2014 (planned)

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Announcement of the 2014 Report on CT in Europe

2012 Report on Combined Transport in Europe

° Survey on Intermodal Industry

° Business Models

° Unaccompanied Transport

° Accompanied Transport

° Total Transport 2005/2009/2011

° Outlook 2012/15

° Service Providers

We kindly invite you to support us with statistical data for the 2014 report, that will be elaborated on the year 2013 in spring/summer 2014.

page 91 Source: www.kombiconsult.com

KombiConsult Profile

page 92

HaCon Profile

Consulting Software

IT and Projects Train Planning System Timetable Information Transport and Logistics TPS System HAFAS

Network Capacity Information Intermodal Systems Management Management

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Intermodal Road Map Bulgaria

Sources of Information

° CREAM Project Reports, www.cream-project.eu ° DIOMIS Project Reports, www.uic.org/DIOMIS ° Report on Combined Transport in Europe 2012, www.kombiconsult.com ° Bulgarian Ministry of Transport, Information Technology and Communication, Round Table presentation 3/2014 ° National Railway Infrastructure Company (NRIC), 2014 ° National Statistics Institute (NSI) of the Republic of Bulgaria, http://www.nsi.bg ° Implementation Plan for RFC7 ° Websites, information and data provided by the Round Table Participants ° HaCon & KombiConsult expertise

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Intermodal Road Map Bulgaria

Disclaimer

The present Road Map presentation has been compiled by one or more COSMOS partners with the support of third parties and may contain business sensitive information. You may use the content totally or selectively without changing the content of the single slides, if clearly identifying the source: COSMOS Project, Intermodal Road Map Bulgaria, HaCon / KombiConsult, 2014, www.cosmos-project.eu

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Thank you for your attention. .

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